PCM thermal insulation in buildings

This paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental study of phase change material (PCM) filled walls and roofs under real operational conditions to achieve passive thermal comfort. The numerical part of the study was based on a one-dimensional model for the phase change problem controlled by pure conduction. Real radiation data was used to determine the external face temperature. The numerical treatment was based upon using finite difference approximations and the ADI scheme. The results obtained were compared with field measurements. The experimental set-up consisted of a small room with movable roof and side wall. The roof was constructed in the traditional way but with the phase change material enclosed. Thermocouples were distributed across the cross section of the roof. Another roof, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The movable wall was also constructed as is done traditionally but with the PCM enclosed. Again, thermocouples were distributed across the wall thickness to enable measurement of the local temperatures. Another wall, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The PCM used in the numerical and experimental tests was composed of a mixture of two commercial grades of glycol in order to obtain the required fusion temperature range. Comparison between the simulation results and the experiments indicated good agreement. Field tests also indicated that the PCM used was adequate and that the concept was effective in maintaining the indoor temperature very close to the established comfort limits. Further economical analysis indicated that the concept could effectively help in reducing the electric energy consumption and improving the energy demand pattern. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An easy-learning and easy-teaching tool for indoor thermal analysis - ArcTech

ArcTech is a software being developed, applied and improved with the aim of becoming an efficient sensitization tool to support the teaching-learning process of Architecture courses. The application deals initially with the thermal comfort of buildings. The output generated by the software shows if a student is able to produce a pleasant environment, in terms of thermal sensation along a 24-hours period. Although one can find the very same characteristics in fully-developed commercial software, the reason to create ArcTech is related to the flexibility of the system to be adapted by the instructor and also to the need of simple tools for the evaluation of specific topics along the courses. The first part of ArcTech is dedicated to data management and that was developed using the visual programming language Delphi 7 and Firebird as the database management system. The second part contains the parameters that can be changed by the system administrator and those related to project visualization. The interface of the system, in which the student will learn how to implement and to evaluate the project alternatives, was built using Macromedia Flash. The software was applied to undergraduate students revealing its easy-learning and easy-teaching interface.

Estrutura térmica identificada por transectos móveis e canal termal do Landsat 7 em cidade tropical

This study aims to examine the thermal structure of the urban climate based on the interpretation of the satellite Landsat 7 (thermal channel) and measures for the area. It identifies how the production of urban climate develops based on an analysis of the structure of space forms and characteristics of land use and constructive materials in the generation of heat islands and their implications in environmental comfort in a tropical climate medium size city at Brazil. To check intra-urban air temperature, measures were carried out in mobile transects in the North-South and East-West routes. Thermal Channel data of Landsat-7, were converted to surface values. The results showed that the pattern of urbanization and characteristics of land use are responsible for the distribution of temperature generating heat islands in downtown and popular densely built neighborhoods. In those cases the highest indexes of social segregation added to higher temperature also provokes elevation in the number of illnesses and morbidity cases, mostly of respiratory diseases.

Qualidade dos espaços públicos viários: ergonomia em escala urbana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da ventilação e insolação em edificações na região de Bauru - SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise histórico-cultural, paisagística e quali-quantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos da Praça Sete de Setembro, Ribeirão Preto, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Clima urbano e planejamento na cidade de Jales-SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação de parâmetros micrometeorológicos, do conforto e da percepção térmica na área urbana da cidade de Belém-PA

No presente trabalho foram avaliados alguns elementos micrometeorológicos e o conforto térmico na cidade de Belém, juntamente com uma análise das questões da segregação social deste espaço urbano, contribuindo com as pesquisas de climatologia urbana em regiões tropicais que possuem uma especificidade climática, com um forte efeito da sazonalidade durante o ano. Foram empregados na pesquisa informações micrometeorológicas obtidas através de estações meteorológicas e microloggers distribuídos pela cidade, questionários, informações de cobertura do solo oriundas de imagens de satélite e as tipologias sociais por meio de levantamento bibliográfico. As informações quantitativas foram analisadas através de interpolações e correlações numéricas e relacionadas de forma qualitativa às informações adquiridas em campo. Os resultados mostraram que as áreas menos confortáveis termicamente foram as que possuíam menor cobertura vegetal e maior quantidade de áreas edificadas e pavimentadas, enquanto que as áreas mais confortáveis foram as que apresentaram características contrárias a anterior. Não foi detectada a existência de um padrão bem definido entre as tipologias socioespaciais das habitações com as condições de conforto. Foi encontrada uma ilha de calor de baixa intensidade sobre a cidade, assim como uma forte sazonalidade da precipitação pluvial, da temperatura do ar e da umidade relativa do ar. Na cidade de Belém, grande parte do período diurno foi desconfortável termicamente, e a intensidade desse desconforto variou de acordo com as características de uso e ocupação do solo urbano.

Conforto térmico nas escolas estaduais de Presidente Prudente/SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Variabilidade espacial do conforto térmico e a segregação social do espaço urbano na cidade de Belém, PA

O presente trabalho vem contribuir com o estudo do clima urbano na cidade de Belém durante a época menos chuvosa, juntamente com uma análise das questões da segregação social deste espaço urbano. Foi realizada uma campanha de coleta de dados meteorológicos durante alguns dias na época menos chuvosa da região para se calcular o índice de conforto térmico nos bairros e compara-los com as tipologias sociais características de cada bairro. Os resultados indicaram que as zonas da cidade menos confortáveis foram a Oeste e a Central, pois são mais urbanizadas e possuem menos vegetação que as demais áreas, enquanto que as zonas mais confortáveis foram a Leste e Noroeste, que possuem mais áreas vegetadas e predominância de edificações baixas. As análises indicaram que não existe um padrão bem definido entre as tipologias sociais dos bairros e suas condições de conforto térmico, pois as características da superfície são mais significativas para as mudanças microclimáticas locais.

Análise da percepção da variação do campo térmico na cidade de São Paulo-SP: o exemplo da subprefeitura Sé

This research aimed to analyze the spatial area for the design of the Heat Island of Subprefecture Sé, in São Paulo-SP, with the support of geotecnology and based on the study of environmental perception. We used remote sensing products such as maps ofland use and soil temperature and apparent surface to evaluate the thermal conditions considered critical points in the central area of the municipality. The methodology used was qualitative analysis, based on interviews with the people, allowing rescue geoecology the conditioning aspects of the city, with an emphasis on environmental perception. This study aimed toanalyze the perception of the variation of the thermal field in São Paulo. The results indicated that (95%) of respondents feel that the temperature of the central area has increased each year, and the district that stood out was the Sé, due to intense use and occupation of land and contribute one of the largest shopping centers. Districts with points given for having better thermal comfort were Santa Cecília, the República and Bela Vista, due to their larger amount of green areas by fiscal court, which act as local refrigerators. It was found that the respondents have the perception and awareness of their spa directly related to the quality of life. Through analysis of several variables involved, proposals and strategies may support public policies and urban planning

Análise do conforto térmico da cidade de Mirandópolis/SP em seus espaços abertos

Mirandópolis/SP appeared in 1934 from the railroad “the Brazil Northwest”, that there it served one of the points of its stretch that had as main function to drain the agricultural production northwestern native of São Paulo of that time. The installation of the town happened absent of concerns with initial urbanístico planning, thus modifying its natural landscape and modifying characteristic ambient without compensatory measures aiming at a future expansion of the urban mesh. Fact this that still causes today consequences the quality of life of the people and also the observed thermal comfort later. Ahead of this, the present work had for objective to identify through measurements of temperature and relative humidity of the city of Mirandópolis/SP the differences that in the fabric urban they corroborate for a comfort situation or thermal discomfort to the outdoors in accordance with the Diagram Bioclimático de Olgyay the collection of data was made throughout the month of July of 2011 involving the attainment of information of Temperature and relative humidity of air and questionnaire applied to the passer-bys in the act of the measurements. Also approaching the different thermal dynamic of the zones of housing in relation to the Urban Cannyon that develops the commerce as predominant activity. This research sample that, although a city to be small, the quality of life of its inhabitants is not only guaranteed by the transport or that its thermal comfort reveals inside homogeneous of the urban perimeter, but that it has yes heterogeneidade in the scope of the urban climate in these spaces

Clima e vulnerabilidade socioespacial: uma avaliação dos fatores de risco na população urbana do município de São Luís (MA)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O clima urbano de Rancharia (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O campo térmico e a qualidade ambiental urbana em Chapecó/SC

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)