Skin Delivery of Kojic Acid-Loaded Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Skin Aging

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development and characterization of biocompatible isotropic and anisotropic oil-in-water colloidal dispersions as a new delivery system for methyl dihydrojasmonate antitumor drug

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influence of immediate loading on healing of implants installed with different insertion torques - an experimental study in dogs

Objective: To evaluate the influence of different insertion torques on healing of implants loaded immediately or left unloaded.Material and methods: In six Labrador dogs, all mandibular premolars and molars were extracted. After 4 months of healing, flaps were elevated, and two implant sites were prepared at each side of the mandible. The distal sites were prepared conventionally while the mesial sites were underprepared by 0.3 mm. As a consequence, different final insertion torques of about 30 Ncm at the distal and >70 Ncm at the mesial sites were recorded. Healing abutments were applied to the left and transmucosal abutments to the right side. Flaps were sutured, crown preparation of the upper right second and third premolars was performed, and impressions were taken. Within 24 h, crowns were cemented both to implants and teeth in the right side of the mouth. After 4 months, the animals were sacrificed and ground sections obtained for histological evaluation.Results: A higher buccal bony crestal resorption and a more apical position of the coronal level of osseointegration were found at the loaded compared with the unloaded sites. MBIC% and percentages of peri-implant mineralized tissue (MB%) were higher at the loaded compared with the unloaded sites. Moreover, a higher MBIC% was found at the lower compared with the higher final insertion torque.Conclusions: Immediate loading does not seem to have a negative effect on osseointegration. High torque values for the immediate loading procedures were not necessary. Probably, low torque values, were sufficient to obtain primary stability and hence may provide better osseointegration than high torque value.

Structural characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of kojic dipalmitate loaded W/O/W multiple emulsions intended for skin disorders

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development, characterization, and in vitro biological performance of fluconazole-loaded microemulsions for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Three-dimensional aspects of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in the tongue of rats: a scanning electron microscope study

The aim of the present study was to describe the tridimensional morphological characteristics of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Sprague Dawley rats. Four types of papillae were reported on the dorsal surface. Filiform papillae were distributed on the tongue surface and after epithelial maceration a conic and multifilamentary shape of the CTCs was revealed. Fungiform papillae were reported on the rostral and middle regions covered by a squamous epithelium. After the removal of the epithelium, the shape of a volcano with the taste orifice at its top was noted. Foliate papillae were composed of five pairs of epithelial folds situated on the lateral-caudal margin of the tongue. After the removal of the epithelium, they were shown to be limited by thin laminar projections. The vallate papilla with an oval shape was present in the caudal region and delimited by an incomplete groove. The morphological characteristics of the lingual papillae of Sprague Dowley rats, three-dimensional SEM images, and the types of papillae on the dorsal surface were similar to those reported previously in other rodent mammals. The maceration technique revealed the details of extracellular matrix with varied shapes form of connective tissue cores.

Comportamento do fator de potência de uma serra de fita vertical e de um picador em uma serraria

This work aims to present the electrical behavior of two mechanical processing equipment of wood, the saw vertical tape and the wood chipper. Their characteristics in real operating conditions and the electrical behavior of devices in terms of energy efficiency is shown through the study of individual power factor are presented in this study. It was observed that both devices operate unloaded for some intervals of time and this contributes to a low power factor. It is concluded that improved production planning and better preparation of the operators in the operations of sawing wood, in order to improve the power factor in sawmills is necessary.

Estudo histológico e comparativo das papilas linguais dos cervídeos Mazama americana e Mazama gouzoubira por microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura

O tipo de alimentação depende do ambiente em que o animal se encontra, sendo este um fator responsável pela alteração da morfologia, como a estratificação e o nível de queratinização da língua, e a funcionalidade da mesma. Dentre as estruturas morfológicas funcionais da língua, as papilas vêm merecendo destaque devido a sua estreita relação com a dieta. Foram utilizadas duas espécies de cervídeos: cinco Mazama gouazoubira e duas Mazama americana, dividindo-se a língua em três partes: ápice, corpo e raiz. Analisou comparativamente a língua de duas espécies por meio de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. As papilas filiforme, fungiforme e valada apresentaram na língua das duas espécies estudadas, e com a mesma distribuição, mudando apenas a quantidade e formato de papilas filiformes no ápice lingual e a quantidade e disposição das papilas valadas na raiz da língua, fator este que pode ser ligado à dieta dos animais. . Além disto, sua distribuição é semelhante à de outras espécies de herbívoros.

Ultrastructural aspects of Callithrix penicillata lingual papillae

Callithrix penicillata belongs to the family Callitrichidae, Callithrix genus. They are basically insectivorous, but they consume fruits. The mucosa of the tongue is composed of some papillary types, revealing different levels of expertise. The present study attempted to describe the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of the dorsal surface of the C. penicillata, describing the characteristics and distribution of papillae found. Five tongues of C. penicillata (two females and three males), obtained from breeding colonies of CENP-Ananindeua-PA, died from natural causes. The material was fixed partly in a buffer solution paraformaldehyde 10% and partly in modified Karnovsky solution, divided into apex, body, and root, and then the fragments were used in light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The average length of the tongue of the females was 22 mm and for males 20.5 mm. Three types of papillae were described: filiform (along all tissue extension with 154 mu m of diameter), fungiform (along all tissue extension with 275 mu m of diameter), and vallate (just three units in caudal (dorsal) portion with 672 mu m of diameter). Data analysis indicates that the distribution and ultrastructural morphology of the C. penicillata lingual papillae are some similar to other primates. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Morfologia macro e microscópica das papilas linguais do quati (Nasua nasua)

O quati (Nasua nasua) é um animal que pertence à Família Procyonidae. Foram utilizados três animais ortotanasiados, de ambos os sexos, provenientes do Criatório Científico de Animais Silvestres, Centro Universitário Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos (Cecrimpas, Unifeob) autorizado pelo IBAMA (Proc.02027.003731/04-76). Para a análise macroscópica, as línguas foram retiradas, analisadas e foto-documentadas. Para análise microscópica, as línguas foram processadas rotineiramente pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e inclusão em Paraplast; pela técnica de microscopia de luz os fragmentos foram cortados em micrótomo, com espessura média de 5mm e corados em HE e Picrosírius com fundo de hematoxilina. Os resultados macroscópicos e microscópicos mostram que a língua do quati apresenta papilas filiformes, fungiformes, valadas e cônicas sendo estas distribuídas nas regiões rostralis, medialis e caudalis. Histologicamente, a língua do quati é revestida por um epitélio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado apresentando camada basal, espinhosa, granulosa e córnea com fibras de músculos estriados esqueléticos longitudinais e transversais e diversas glândulas. De acordo com os resultados pode-se concluir que a língua do quati possui características macroscópicas e microscópicas semelhantes aos canídeos, tendo como diferença o número de papilas valadas e o grau de queratinização.

Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the tongue of the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)

We performed a macroscopic and microscopic study of the tongues of common opossums, Didelphis marsupialis, from South America. We studied two males and two females. We collected morphometric data on the tongue with precision calipers. For the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, we fixed tissue fragments in 10% formaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, respectively. The opossum tongues averaged 5.87 +/- 0.20 cm in length, 3.27 +/- 0.15 cm in width at the lingual body, and 3.82 +/- 0.15 cm in width at the root. The mean thickness of the lingual body was 1.8 +/- 0.1 cm, and the thickness of the root was 3.82 +/- 0.15 cm. Sharp filiform papillae were scattered across the entire tongue; conical filiform papillae occurred on the lingual body and tongue tip; fungiform papillae were scattered among the filiform papillae on the lingual body and tongue tip; and there were three vallate papillae at the root of the tongue. We found two strands of papillary projections in the tongue root. Despite the low variability observed in the lingual papillae, the morphological data obtained in this study may be related to the opossum's diverse food habits and the extensive geographic distribution of the species throughout America. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The impact of healing time before loading on orthodontic mini-implant stability: a histomophometric study in minipigs

Objective: To evaluate healing time before loading, areas compression and tension and location of insertion on mini-implant stability. Design: Six minipigs were used. Each animal received 3 mini-implants in each quadrant: 1 mini-implant was used as an unloaded control (G1, n = 24); the other 2 were loaded with 150 g-force at three time intervals (G2: immediate loading, G3: after 15 days and G4: after 30 days), with 16 mini-implant in each experimental group. After 120 days, tissue blocks of the areas of interest were harvested. Clinical analysis (exact Fisher test) determined the survival rate. Histological analysis (Kontron KS 300TM, Zeiss) quantified the fractional bone-toimplant contact (%BIC) and bone area (%BA) at each healing time point, areas of interest, and insertion site (ANOVA and t tests for dependent and independent samples). Results: The mini-implant survival rates were G1: 71%, G2: 50%, G3: 75% and G4: 63%, with no statistical differences between them. The groups presented similar %BIC and %BA. There were no differences between the compression and tension sides or maxillary and mandibular insertion sites. Conclusions: These results suggest that low-intensity immediate or early orthodontic loading does not affect mini-implant stability, because similar histomorphometric results were observed for all the groups, with partial osseointegration of the mini-implants present.

Exercise and bone mass in adults

[EN] There is a substantial body of evidence indicating that exercise prior to the pubertal growth spurt stimulates bone growth and skeletal muscle hypertrophy to a greater degree than observed during growth in non-physically active children. Bone mass can be increased by some exercise programmes in adults and the elderly, and attenuate the losses in bone mass associated with aging. This review provides an overview of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies performed to date involving training and bone measurements. Cross-sectional studies show in general that exercise modalities requiring high forces and/or generating high impacts have the greatest osteogenic potential. Several training methods have been used to improve bone mineral density (BMD) and content in prospective studies. Not all exercise modalities have shown positive effects on bone mass. For example, unloaded exercise such as swimming has no impact on bone mass, while walking or running has limited positive effects.

New mechanisms for modelling the motion of the human ankle complex

The relevance of human joint models was shown in the literature. In particular, the great importance of models for the joint passive motion simulation (i.e. motion under virtually unloaded conditions) was outlined. They clarify the role played by the principal anatomical structures of the articulation, enhancing the comprehension of surgical treatments, and in particular the design of total ankle replacement and ligament reconstruction. Equivalent rigid link mechanisms proved to be an efficient tool for an accurate simulation of the joint passive motion. This thesis focuses on the ankle complex (i.e. the anatomical structure composed of the tibiotalar and the subtalar joints), which has a considerable role in human locomotion. The lack of interpreting models of this articulation and the poor results of total ankle replacement arthroplasty have strongly suggested devising new mathematical models capable of reproducing the restraining function of each structure of the joint and of replicating the relative motion of the bones which constitute the joint itself. In this contest, novel equivalent mechanisms are proposed for modelling the ankle passive motion. Their geometry is based on the joint’s anatomical structures. In particular, the role of the main ligaments of the articulation is investigated under passive conditions by means of nine 5-5 fully parallel mechanisms. Based on this investigation, a one-DOF spatial mechanism is developed for modelling the passive motion of the lower leg. The model considers many passive structures constituting the articulation, overcoming the limitations of previous models which took into account few anatomical elements of the ankle complex. All the models have been identified from experimental data by means of optimization procedure. Then, the simulated motions have been compared to the experimental one, in order to show the efficiency of the approach and thus to deduce the role of each anatomical structure in the ankle kinematic behavior.

Interaktions- und Aggregationsverhalten von Nanopartikeln in Blutserum

Das Interesse an nanopartikulären Wirkstoffsystemen steigt sowohl auf universitärer als auch auf industrieller Seite stetig an. Da diese Formulierungen meist intravenös verabreicht werden, kommt es folglich zu einem direkten Kontakt der Nanopartikel mit den Blutbestandteilen. Adsorption von Plasma Proteinen kann eine deutliche Veränderung der charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Systems induzieren, was dann Wirkungsweise sowie Toxizität stark beinflussen kann. Derzeit findet die Charakterisierung nanopartikulärer Wirkstoffsysteme vor der in vivo Applikation in Pufferlösungen mit physiologischem Salzgehalt statt, es ist jedoch kaum etwas bekannt über deren Wechselwirkungen mit komplexen Proteinmischungen wie sie im Blutserum oder –plasma vorliegen. rnMittels dynamischer Lichtstreuung (DLS) wurde eine einfache und reproduzierbare Methode entwickelt um die Aggregatbildung zwischen Nanopartikeln, Polymeren oder verschiedenen Wirkstoff-Konjugaten in humanem Blutserum zu untersuchen. Die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode wurde durch Untersuchung verschiedener potentieller Nanotherapeutika (z.B. Polystyrol-Nanokapseln, Liposomen, amphiphile Blockcopolymere und Nanohydrogele) bezüglich ihrer Aggregation in humanem Blutserum mittels DLS gezeigt und teilweise mit aktuellen in vivo Experimenten verglichen. rnDarüber hinaus wurden größeneinheitliche Liposomen, basierend auf Disteraoylphosphatidylcholin, Cholesterol und einem Spermin-Tensid, hergestellt. Die Einkapselung von siRNA ist, je nach Präparationsmethode, mit Einkapselungseffizienzen von 40-75% möglich. Nach detaillierter Charakterisierung der Liposomen wurden diese ebenfalls bezüglich ihres Aggregationsverhaltens in humanem Blutserum untersucht. Unbeladene Liposomen aggregieren nicht mit Komponenten des Serums. Je nach Beladungsprotokoll können aggregierende sowie nicht aggregierende Liposomen-siRNA Komplexe hergestellt werden. rnWeiterhin wurden, zur Identifikation der Aggregation induzierenden Serumkomponenten, verschiedenen Serumsfraktionierungstechniken erfolgreich angewendet. Albumin, IgG, und Lipoproteine (VLDL, LDL) sowie verschiedene Proteinmischungen konnten isoliert und für weitere Aggregationsstudien mittels DLS verwendet werden. Für einige ausgesuchte Systeme konnten die Interaktionspartner identifiziert werden. rnDie Korrelation des Aggregationsverhaltens mit den strukturellen sowie funktionellen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Nanopartikel führt zu dem generellen Ergebnis, dass leicht negativ und leicht positiv bis neutrale Partikel eine geringe Tendenz zur Aggregation in Serum haben. Auch zwitterionische Substanzen zeigen eine hohe Serumstabilität. Hingegen aggregieren stark positiv und negativ geladene Partikel vermehrt.rn