Ego depletion in color priming research: Self-control strength moderates the detrimental effect of red on cognitive test performance

Colors have been found to affect psychological functioning. Empirical evidence suggests that, in test situations, brief perceptions of the color red or even the word "red" printed in black ink prime implicit anxious responses and consequently impair cognitive performance. However, we propose that this red effect depends on people's momentary capacity to exert control over their prepotent responses (i.e., self-control). In three experiments (Ns = 66, 78, and 130), first participants' self-control strength was manipulated. Participants were then primed with the color or word red versus gray prior to completing an arithmetic test or an intelligence test. As expected, self-control strength moderated the red effect. While red had a detrimental effect on performance of participants with depleted self-control strength (ego depletion), it did not affect performance of participants with intact self-control strength. We discuss implications of the present findings within the current debate on the robustness of priming results

Manifestación y control de las cualidades físicas en el fútbol base: una aproximación al diseño de un test físico-técnico de resistencia

La preparación física en el fútbol ha evolucionado de manera considerable a lo largo del tiempo, de una planificación aislada del trabajo técnico y táctico a una preparación física integrada con los demás aspectos que conforman el juego, teniendo como principal referencia la competición. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en proponer el diseño de un test de resistencia integrado con aspectos técnicos, en una demarcación específica (mediocentro), con los movimientos y acciones más utilizados en esa demarcación durante la competición, con aplicación en las diferentes etapas de formación (infantiles, cadetes, juveniles). Para su diseño se ha recopilado información sobre test más convencionales, datos referentes a otros deportes similares con GPS, información muy detallada y concreta de análisis de videos y datos en competición con GPS en jugadores cadetes. Los resultados del test, aunque no pueden generalizarse, se corresponden con los de otras pruebas más analíticas. Es preciso seguir trabajando para lograr el nivel de validez y confiabilidad necesario y poder ofrecer en categorías inferiores un test que mida la cualidad que interese con las acciones técnicas implicadas en esa demarcación de una forma más próxima al juego, y por tanto más motivan.

Effectiveness of fire control agents on chemical fires : phase I, test methodology and baseline hexane tests : final report ; prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, United States Coast Guard, Office of Research and Development.

"Report no. CG-D-50-80."

Preliminary test on axial spindle expansion of nuber 739 Ex-Cell-O numerical tape control machine /

"U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(29-1)-1106."

Analysis of specialized pesticide problems : invertebrate control agents-efficacy test methods /

"EPA-540/10-77-001--EPA-540/10-77-007."

Present aggregate gradation control practices and alternative test methods /

Mode of access: Internet.

C-130BL category I performance test and qualitative stability and control evaluation /

"February 1961."

Better snow and ice control using state-of-the-art technologies : an invitation to test & evaluation and winter workshops.

Mode of access: Internet.

Aviation intermediate maintenance manual : units under test for target acquisition designation sight (TADS) assembly, night sensor assembly, day sensor subassembly, control panel assembly, TADS turret assembly (less LRU's), indirect view display electronics assembly ....

"1 December 1987."

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support, and depot maintenance manual : test set, flame thrower, riot control agent disperser, hydrostatic-and-volumetric, 6,000 psi, M5.

"June 1967."

GS and depot maintenance manual including repair parts and special tools list : test set, flight control set AN/ASM-330.

"May 1969."

The investigation of present aggregate gradation control practices and the development of short-cut or alternative test methods /

Mode of access: Internet.

Pain differs from non-painful attention-demanding or stressful tasks in its effect on postural control patterns of trunk muscles

Pain changes postural activation of the trunk muscles. The cause of these changes is not known but one possibility relates to the information processing requirements and the stressful nature of pain. This study investigated this possibility by evaluating electromyographic activity (EMG) of the deep and superficial trunk muscles associated with voluntary rapid arm movement. Data were collected from control trials, trials during low back pain (LBP) elicited by injection of hypertonic saline into the back muscles, trials during a non-painful attention-demanding task, and during the same task that was also stressful. Pain did not change the reaction time (RT) of the movement, had variable effects on RT of the superficial trunk muscles, but consistently increased RT of the deepest abdominal muscle. The effect of the attention-demanding task was opposite: increased RT of the movement and the superficial trunk muscles but no effect on RT of the deep trunk muscles. Thus, activation of the deep trunk muscles occurred earlier relative to the movement. When the attention-demanding task was made stressful, the RT of the movement and superficial trunk muscles was unchanged but the RT of the deep trunk muscles was increased. Thus, the temporal relationship between deep trunk muscle activation and arm movement was restored. This means that although postural activation of the deep trunk muscles is not affected when central nervous system resources are limited, it is delayed when the individual is also under stress. However, a non-painful attention-demanding task does not replicate the effect of pain on postural control of the trunk muscles even when the task is stressful.