Coparenting and Toddler's Interactive Styles in Family Coalitions

The current study examined the coparenting and toddler's interactive styles in family coalitions. According to structural family theory, boundaries between generations are clear in alliances, but disturbed in coalitions: the parents look to the child to regulate their conflictual relationship and the child attempts to meet this need. In a normative sample studied longitudinally during the Lausanne Trilogue Play situation (LTP, N=38), 15 coalition cases were detected. Styles of coparenting and of child's interactions were determined and compared in coalition and alliance cases at 18 months. Findings confirm the structural family model by showing the specific ways in which the coparenting and the toddler's interactive styles are associated in 3 different patterns of coalitions: binding, detouring, and triangulation. They illustrate how the child's triangular capacity, or her ability to simultaneously communicate with both parents, is used to regulate the parents' relationship. They suggest that the LTP observational paradigm is a promising assessment method of early family interactions. They point to the importance of assessing early the child's contribution to family coalitions.

Concepções, Práxis e Tendências de Desenvolvimento Curricular no Ensino Superior Público em Cabo Verde: um Estudo de Caso Sobre a Universidade de Cabo Verde

A tese enquadra-se nas discussões sobre as concepções do currículo, como problemática central nos processos de educação e formação, e o papel da Universidade ao longo dos tempos, mormente nos contextos actuais da globalização, conferindo especial relevo às concepções, práxis e tendências que caracterizam a experiência de desenvolvimento curricular na Universidade de Cabo Verde (Uni-CV), desde a sua criação, em Novembro de 2006, no seguimento de um percurso de quase três décadas do ensino superior público cabo-verdiano Com o enquadramento teórico da problemática da investigação faz-se uma ampla cartografia da literatura relevante no campo científico dos estudos curriculares, numa abordagem que patenteia a diversidade de conceptualizações do currículo e do desenvolvimento curricular, os principais traços característicos das teorias curriculares que se têm sucedido e ou que rivalizam na busca de hegemonia no sector da educação, bem como as políticas educativas e curriculares que vêm sendo concebidas e realizadas à escala global, dispensando atenção particular às dimensões instituinte e instituída do processo curricular. Ainda que fortemente condicionado pelas concepções e políticas de globalização da educação, a tendência para a uniformização educativa e curricular não constitui uma inevitabilidade, demonstrando-se, pelo contrário, que o processo de desenvolvimento curricular deixa espaços de apropriação e inovação ao nível das instituições educativas, atendendo à diversidade de contextos, expectativas e perspectivas inerentes à dinâmica da realização do currículo. Ainda no plano teórico, ao analisar-se a evolução do conceito ou ideia de Universidade, desde a sua génese até aos tempos actuais, coloca-se em relevo a natureza específica da instituição no âmbito do ensino superior, patenteando o modo como, nos diferentes contextos, a mesma tem procurado afirmar a centralidade do conhecimento e do currículo no cumprimento da sua missão, a despeito de factores e condicionalismos diversos, de entre os quais releva o tipo de relacionamento predominante entre a Universidade, o Estado e o mercado, no âmbito do qual se deve entender a complexidade da crise institucional, na triplicidade das suas manifestações (crise de legitimidade, de hegemonia e de identidade) que atravessa a academia, com reflexos ao nível das tendências para o condicionamento da autonomia, missão e funções da academia, assim como da própria natureza do conhecimento universitário. Na procura de saídas para a crise, que é global e, como tal, se reflecte nas universidades do continente africano, em que se insere Cabo Verde, a Universidade é desafiada a afirmar a sua especificidade institucional, enquanto promotora da alta cultura e da capacidade de pensamento de longo prazo, conciliando, deste modo, as suas funções essenciais ou simbólicas com as que se prendem com a satisfação das necessidades imediatas ou de curto prazo da economia e do mercado. Com base nos pertinentes subsídios teóricos, os estudos empíricos desenvolvem-se segundo a abordagem metodológica de estudo de caso, em que a análise documental e as técnicas de investigação qualitativa e quantitativa permitiram consolidar as evidências sobre: (i) os antecedentes da criação da Uni-CV, através do mapeamento do percurso académico e curricular dos diversos estabelecimentos públicos de ensino superior que precederam a universidade pública, legando a esta o seu património científico, tecnológico e logístico, com as inerentes potencialidades e limitações; (ii) o processo de institucionalização da Uni-CV, com a referencialização das opções estruturantes da organização e gestão da Universidade assim como da política educativa e curricular da Universidade; (iii) a experiência multifacetada de desenvolvimento curricular na novel instituição durante os cinco primeiros anos de funcionamento (2006-2011), correlacionando opções e práxis e evidenciando tendências da sua evolução. Da análise interpretativa dos estudos empíricos realizados, mediante a triangulação dos dados de arquivo e de perspectiva, resulta que a Uni-CV, não obstante as fragilidades persistentes no processo de seu desenvolvimento institucional, tem cumprido a sua missão de forma satisfatória, facto que fica a dever-se quer à adequação das opções, normas e directivas conformadoras da dimensão instituinte do processo curricular, quer ao esforço de realização das prescrições curriculares, sendo, todavia, evidentes os desafios a serem vencidos tendo em vista a consecução da almejada excelência académica, que os Estatutos propugnam, e que passa, nomeadamente, pela melhoria do nível da qualificação do seu corpo docente, pela implementação ou funcionamento efectivo de alguns dos órgãos da academia e pela afirmação da investigação científica como função incontornável para o desempenho cabal das funções de ensino e extensão. De entre as conclusões, sustenta-se que, no processo de integração de Cabo Verde nas redes internacionais de investigação e excelência científica e tecnológica, como, de resto, propugnam os Estatutos da Uni-CV, deve atender-se à especificidade deste pequeno país do Atlântico Médio, tendo em conta as suas fragilidades estruturais, pelo que se impõe algum distanciamento crítico em relação à incorporação de certas opções de política educativa e curricular que emanam de instâncias internacionais, independentemente do seu carácter inovador ou mesmo da sua possível consistência científica e técnica, comprovada em outros contextos.

Long term global evaluation of a national AIDS prevention strategy: the case of Switzerland.

OBJECTIVES: The Swiss Aids prevention strategy has been subject to a continuous process of evaluation for the past 12 years. This paper describes the conceptual approach, methodology, results obtained and contribution to policy-making of that evaluation.¦DESIGN: The evaluation is on-going, global with respect to all components of the strategy, and utilization-focused. Each successive phase of the evaluation has included 10-20 studies centred either on aspects of process, of outcome or of environmental context. Findings are synthesized at the end of each phase. METHODS: Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. Studies generally have one of three functions within the overall evaluation: assessment of trends through surveys or other types of repeated studies; evaluation of specific areas through a series of studies from different viewpoints; in-depth investigation or rapid assessment through one-off studies. Various methods of triangulation are used to validate findings. RESULTS: The evaluation has allowed for: the observation of behavioural change in different populations; the availability of scientific data in controversial fields such as drug-use policy; an understanding of the diversity of public appropriation of prevention messages. Recommendations are regularly formulated and have been used by policy-makers and field workers for strategy development. CONCLUSIONS: The global approach adopted corresponds well to the evaluation requirements of an integrated long-term prevention strategy. Cost is low relative to the extent of information provided. Such an evaluation cannot however address the question of causal relationship between the strategy and observed changes. The evaluation has contributed to the development of a culture of evaluation in Swiss AIDS prevention more generally.

Organisation du travail et santé au siège d'une ONG humanitaire

Les questions de mal-être au travail et de risques psychosociaux sont centrales dans le monde du travail actuel. L'ergonomie nous enseigne qu'une analyse des formes d'organisation du travail est nécessaire pour comprendre les origines des plaintes des travailleurs. Dans cette recherche, nous avons étudié une population spécifique, les employés du siège d'une organisation non gouvernementale humanitaire en Suisse (150 personnes environ). Partant du constat de l'expression de nombreuses plaintes de fatigue et de mal-être au travail par ces employés, nous avons cherché à objectiver ces plaintes et avons étudié les éléments d'organisation susceptibles d'y être liés.Dans le cadre d'une démarche inductive, nous avons utilisé conjointement des méthodes qualitatives (entretiens semi-directifs, observation non participante) et quantitatives (questionnaires) et avons appliqué le principe de triangulation méthodologique pour l'analyse des données.Trois thématiques relatives au mode de fonctionnement de l'organisation ont émergé des analyses : le fonctionnement dans l'urgence en permanence, la professionnalisation de l'organisation et le fort engagement des employés dans leur activité.L'organisation fonctionne selon une logique d'urgence en permanence. La nature de ses interventions, qui sont considérées de la plus haute importance, et la forte valorisation des activités « de terrain » conduisent à l'enfermement de l'activité dans la gestion des tâches urgentes, ce qui ne laisse pas de place à l'anticipation et à la planification. Ensuite, cette organisation a connu une forte croissance au cours des dernières décennies : d'une petite association, elle est devenue une véritable institution. La logique de fonctionnement institutionnelle n'est cependant pas venue remplacer totalement la logique associative, mais toutes deux cohabitent. L'organisation continue à demander à ses employés un engagement associatif et militant total mais applique parallèlement un management de type entrepreneurial, ce qui génère des messages paradoxaux pour les employés. Finalement, le fonctionnement de l'organisation dans son ensemble repose sur l'engagement de toute la chaîne des acteurs. Ceci est clairement intégré et repris par les employés du siège : ils relèvent que ce qu'ils font représente bien plus qu'un travail et qu'il est nécessaire de « tout donner », car les besoins sont immenses et la charge de travail énorme. Cependant, la limite entre engagement et surengagement conduisant à l'épuisement est très facilement franchie.Ces éléments participent à générer un environnement de travail potentiellement pathogène, où il est peu légitime pour l'employé de se préoccuper de sa propre santé, et où la charge de travail et le rythme ne lui laissent pas le temps de mettre en place des stratégies de préservation de sa santé. Ce mode de fonctionnement spécifique véhicule des messages paradoxaux et soumet les employés à des exigences contradictoires.

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La triangulation des données sur la vie nocturne fait partie du projet de Safer Nightlife Suisse (SNS) en accord avec l'Office fédéral de la santé publique. Cette année, c'est la première fois qu'un état des lieux est disponible pour un projet de triangulation des données. L'idée d'une triangulation des données complémentaire sur la base des chiffres pertinents de la prévalence de la consommation de substances dans la vie nocturne en Suisse, dont les sources divergent beaucoup, vise à estimer la réalité de la consommation. Dans ce premier rapport de triangulation, il s'agit d'une intégration des différentes données nationales disponibles sur la consommation de substances ainsi que de leur pondération selon leur pertinence. On trouvera la description du processus, la présentation des données disponibles ainsi qu'une première synthèse des évaluations de la tendance de la consommation de substances en Suisse.

Use of GPS for Photogrammetry, HR-342, 1993

Five test flights were conducted to study the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) in Photogrammetry, three in Iowa, one each in California and Texas. These tests show that GPS can be used to establish ground control by the static method and to determine camera location by the kinematic method. In block triangulation, six GPS controls are required and additional elevation control along the centerline is also required in strip triangulation. The camera location determined by aerial triangulation depends on the scale of the photography. The 1:3000 scale photography showed that the absolute accuracy of the camera location by GPS is better than five centimeters. The 1:40000 scale photography showed that the relative accuracy of the camera location by GPS is about one millimeter. In a strip triangulation elevation control is required in addition to the camera location by GPS. However, for block triangulation camera location by GPS is sufficient. Pre-targeting of pass and tie points gives the best results in both block and strip triangulation. In normal mapping for earth work computations the use of 1:6000 scale photography with GPS control instead of 1:3000 scale is recommended. It is recommended that research be done in the use of GPS for navigation in aerial photographic missions. It is highly recommended that research be done in the use of GPS to determine tip and tilt of the aerial camera, that is required in stereoplotting.

Soft Photogrammetry for Highway Engineering, HR-387, 1998

The SoftPlotter, a soft photogrammetric software and Silicon Graphics workstation, was used to evaluate the accuracy of soft photogrammetry and identify applications of this technology to highway engineering. A comparative study showed that SoftPlotter compares well with other software such as Socket and Integraph. The PC software TNTMips is inexpensive but needs further development to be comparable to SoftPlotter. The Campus Project showed that soft photogrammetry is accurate for traditional photogrammetric applications. It is also accurate for producing orthophoto and base maps for Geographic Information Systems (GISs). The Highway Project showed that soft photogrammetry is accurate for highway engineering and that the technical staff at the Iowa Department of Transportation (IA DOT) can be easily trained in this new technology. The research demonstrated that soft photogrammetry can be used with low-flight helicopter photography for large-scale mapping in highway engineering. The researchers recommend that research be conducted to test the use of digital cameras instead of the traditional aerial cameras in helicopter photography. Research that examines the use of soft photogrammetry with video logging imagery for inventory and GIS studies in highway maintenance is also recommended. Research is also warranted into the integration of soft photogrammetry with virtual reality, which can be used in three-dimensional designing and visualization of highways and subdivisions in real time. The IA DOT owns one analytical plotter and two analogue plotters. The analytical plotter is used for aerial triangulation, and the analogue plotters are used for plotting. However, neither is capable of producing orthophotos. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the IA DOT purchase soft photogrammetric workstations for orthophoto production, and if and when required, use it for aerial triangulation and plotting. In the future, the analogue plotters may become obsolete. At that time, the researchers recommend that the analogue plotters be phased out and replaced by soft photogrammetric workstations.

Influència de l'educació sanitària en l'adaptació dels pacients ostomitzats a la nova situació produïda per l'ostomia digestiva

Introducció: Les persones ostomitzades presenten una sèrie de canvis de tipus fisiològic, psicològic i social, els quals els obliga a adaptar-se a la seva vida diària. Per adaptar-se a aquesta nova situació utilitzen una sèrie d'estratègies d'afrontament, sent l'acceptació el producte final. Per a que les estratègies adoptades siguin les més efectives, han de rebre una educació sanitària adequada.Contràriament, l'escassetat d'educació sanitària o l'educació sanitària inadequada que reben aquests pacients és un problema real que ens trobem en l'actualitat.Objectiu: Conèixer si l'educació sanitària rebuda pels pacients ostomitzats, té influencia en la seva adaptació a la nova situació produïda per l'ostomia digestiva.Metodologia: Estudi qualitatiu fenomenològic, on les dades es recolliran a través d'entrevistessemiestructurades a pacients amb ostomia digestiva, els quals van rebre l'alta hospitalària fa almenys 2 mesos. Les entrevistes seran gravades, transcrites i analitzades, utilitzant en aquest últim pas la triangulació d'investigadors. La mostra serà de tipus intencional, la seleccionaré a l'Hospital Universitàri de Bellvitge entre els pacients que acudeixen a la consulta de la infermera estomaterapeuta, i el seu tamany estarà definit per la saturació teòrica. L'estudi estarà reglat en tot moment pel dret a la intimitat, incloent en aquest l'anonimat i la confidencialitat, i el dret a la lliure decisió.Consideracions finals: Inclou una explicació argumentada sobre els meus punts febles i forts del treball, una reflexió sobre la satisfacció amb les competències que he adquirit i finalment una autoavaluació dels resultats del meu aprenentatge.

El síndrome de burnout y los recortes sanitarios en los profesionales enfermeros del Hospital del Mar de Barcelona

El siguiente trabajo es un proyecto de un estudio cuantitativo observacional transversal sobreel personal enfermero del Hospital del Mar de Barcelona, con el objetivo de determinar de quéforman afectan la crisis económica y los recortes sanitarios en la aparición del síndrome delburnout y calidad de vida en los enfermeros/as. Este estudio puede servir de ayuda en unfuturo al diseño de una propuesta de intervención preventiva contextualizada a la situaciónlaboral que están viviendo los profesionales sanitarios de dicho hospital.Hipótesis: La crisis económica y los posteriores recortes sanitarios que han afectado a recursosmateriales, de personal y salariales, aumentan el síndrome de burnout en los profesionalesenfermeros.Metodología: Se utilizará un cuestionario como forma de recogida de datos, que constará dedos partes, la primera el MBI – HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory)2, para poder identificar lossujetos con burnout, analizando tres dimensiones principales (cansancio emocional,despersonalización y realización personal). La segunda parte, es un cuestionario deelaboración propia, e incluirá variables de tipo sociodemográfico, además se realizaranpreguntas relacionadas con la crisis económica y los recortes sanitarios con tal decontextualizarlo al momento actual. Como medidas descriptivas se utilizarán la media, lamoda, desviación estándar y porcentaje de acuerdo al tipo de variable, estableciéndose laasociación entre variables mediante Spearman y Pearson. Para el análisis estadístico seutilizará el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 19 y triangulación con un grupo de profesionalesimplicados en el análisis de los resultados con tal de evaluar los riesgos psicosociales.

Parents - child role reversal in trilogue play: case studies of trajectories from pregnancy to toddlerhood

Role reversal, whereby a child attempts to meet her parent's adult needs for parenting, intimacy, or companionship, has been identified as a risk factor for developmental disturbances. It has been defined from diverse perspectives as a child attachment strategy, a parent - toddler relational disturbance, and a boundary disturbance between parents and child. The recently discovered infant's triangular capacity, namely the sharing of her attention and affects with both parents, allows one to analyse the infant's contribution to early family dynamics. Role reversal was detected in 4 out of 45 father - mother - infant interactions observed in trilogue play from pregnancy to toddlerhood. The developmental trajectories towards role reversal are explored by means of case analyses. Results are compared with cases of problematic triangulation encountered in the same sample. In role reversal, family interactions are rigidly organized around a "two against one" coalition, whereby the normative hierarchy between parents and child is reversed. The child's triangular capacity is overactivated, controlling the tension between her parents by provocation - animation strategies

[(18)F]Fluoroethyltyrosine- positron emission tomography-guided radiotherapy for high-grade glioma.

BACKGROUND: To compare morphological gross tumor volumes (GTVs), defined as pre- and postoperative gadolinium enhancement on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to biological tumor volumes (BTVs), defined by the uptake of (18)F fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) for the radiotherapy planning of high-grade glioma, using a dedicated positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scanner equipped with three triangulation lasers for patient positioning. METHODS: Nineteen patients with malignant glioma were included into a prospective protocol using FET PET-CT for radiotherapy planning. To be eligible, patients had to present with residual disease after surgery. Planning was performed using the clinical target volume (CTV = GTV union or logical sum BTV) and planning target volume (PTV = CTV + 20 mm). First, the interrater reliability for BTV delineation was assessed among three observers. Second, the BTV and GTV were quantified and compared. Finally, the geometrical relationships between GTV and BTV were assessed. RESULTS: Interrater agreement for BTV delineation was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.9). Although, BTVs and GTVs were not significantly different (p = 0.9), CTVs (mean 57.8 +/- 30.4 cm(3)) were significantly larger than BTVs (mean 42.1 +/- 24.4 cm(3); p < 0.01) or GTVs (mean 38.7 +/- 25.7 cm(3); p < 0.01). In 13 (68%) and 6 (32%) of 19 patients, FET uptake extended >or= 10 and 20 mm from the margin of the gadolinium enhancement. CONCLUSION: Using FET, the interrater reliability had excellent agreement for BTV delineation. With FET PET-CT planning, the size and geometrical location of GTVs and BTVs differed in a majority of patients.

Geometrically accurate time series of archived aerial images and airborne lidar data in a forest environment

Abstract

Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images

In this paper, an advanced technique for the generation of deformation maps using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is presented. The algorithm estimates the linear and nonlinear components of the displacement, the error of the digital elevation model (DEM) used to cancel the topographic terms, and the atmospheric artifacts from a reduced set of low spatial resolution interferograms. The pixel candidates are selected from those presenting a good coherence level in the whole set of interferograms and the resulting nonuniform mesh tessellated with the Delauney triangulation to establish connections among them. The linear component of movement and DEM error are estimated adjusting a linear model to the data only on the connections. Later on, this information, once unwrapped to retrieve the absolute values, is used to calculate the nonlinear component of movement and atmospheric artifacts with alternate filtering techniques in both the temporal and spatial domains. The method presents high flexibility with respect to the required number of images and the baselines length. However, better results are obtained with large datasets of short baseline interferograms. The technique has been tested with European Remote Sensing SAR data from an area of Catalonia (Spain) and validated with on-field precise leveling measurements.

Increasing the efficiency of disparity computation by interpolation

Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan dispariteettikartan laskennan tehostamista interpoloimalla. Kolmiomittausta käyttämällä stereokuvasta muodostetaan ensin harva dispariteettikartta, jonka jälkeen koko kuvan kattava dispariteettikartta muodostetaan interpoloimalla. Kolmiomittausta varten täytyy tietää samaa reaalimaailman pistettä vastaavat kuvapisteet molemmissa kameroissa. Huolimatta siitä, että vastaavien pisteiden hakualue voidaan pienentää kahdesta ulottuvuudesta yhteen ulottuvuuteen käyttämällä esimerkiksi epipolaarista geometriaa, on laskennallisesti tehokkaampaa määrittää osa dispariteetikartasta interpoloimalla, kuin etsiä vastaavia kuvapisteitä stereokuvista. Myöskin johtuen stereonäköjärjestelmän kameroiden välisestä etäisyydestä, kaikki kuvien pisteet eivät löydy toisesta kuvasta. Näin ollen on mahdotonta määrittää koko kuvan kattavaa dispariteettikartaa pelkästään vastaavista pisteistä. Vastaavien pisteiden etsimiseen tässä työssä käytetään dynaamista ohjelmointia sekä korrelaatiomenetelmää. Reaalimaailman pinnat ovat yleisesti ottaen jatkuvia, joten geometrisessä mielessä on perusteltua approksimoida kuvien esittämiä pintoja interpoloimalla. On myöskin olemassa tieteellistä näyttöä, jonkamukaan ihmisen stereonäkö interpoloi objektien pintoja.

Optinen kolmiulotteinen mittaus ohutlevytuotteiden laadunvalvonnassa

Ohutlevyteollisuuden markkinatilanne on muuttunut, kun tuotantomäärät ovat kasvaneet, laatuvaatimukset tiukentuneet ja markkinat globalisoituneet. Konenäön avulla on mahdollista tehostaa laadunvalvontaa, jolloin virheet voidaan havaita nopeammin ja siten säästää tuotantokustannuksissa. Muotoiltujen ohutlevyosien tarkastamiseksi tarvitaan kolmiulotteisia mittausmenetelmiä, joilla pystytään varsin nopeasti ja tarkasti analysoimaan kappaleita. Erityisesti fotogrammetriaan perustuvaa rakenteista valoa on sovellettu erilaisissa mittalaitteissa, ja menetelmä on myös varsin joustava sekä edullinen käyttää. Fotogrammetriaan ja rakenteiseen valoon perustuvista mittalaitteista valittiin arvioitavaksi Mapvision 4D. Testeissä tutkittiin laitteen tarkkuutta, nopeutta ja soveltuvuutta teollisuusympäristöön sekä erityisesti taivutuskulmien, reikien halkaisijoidenja etäisyyksien mittaamista. Sovittamalla mitattu data CAD-malliin pystytään kappaleen mitoitus tarkastamaan vaaditulla 0,1 millimetrin tarkkuudella. Testitulosten perusteella voidaan todeta sekä mittalaitteen että mittausmenetelmän soveltuvan ohutlevykappaleiden laadunvalvontaan, kunhan reunojen määrityksessä esiintyvä säännöllinen epätarkkuus otetaan huomioon.