Oscilações climáticas Plio-Pleistocênicas e sua influência na prospecção de ouro na área do garimpo do Manelão (PA)

No garimpo do Manelão, o ouro está associado a veios de quartzo encaixados na seqüência metavulcano-sedimentar São Manoel. No período Plio-Pleistoceno, sob um clima úmido, desenvolveu-se sobre a seqüência São Manoel uma cobertura laterítica autóctone e imatura. Essa cobertura residual contém partículas de ouro com elevada pureza, sugerindo processos de lixiviação da liga Au-Ag ou de remobilização e redeposição do Au em ambiente laterítico. Durante o Pleistoceno, o clima tornou-se árido a semi-árido, favorecendo a erosão parcial da cobertura laterítica, através dos processos coluviais associados a enxurradas periódicas. Esse depósito coluvial recobre o perfíl laterítico, destruindo um possível padrão de dispersão geoquímica do ouro supergênico e prejudicando a prospecção geoquímica de superfície. No final do Pleistoceno e início do Holoceno, o clima úmido retorna, juntamente com os processos de intemperismo, formando stone line e latossolos. As coberturas laterítica e coluvial serviram de área-fonte para os aluviões atuais a subatuais do igarapé São Manoel, onde o ouro ocorre livre nos estratos sedimentares mais basais, formando concentrações da ordem de 10 g/ton.

Histoire critique de l'Inquisition d'Espagne : depuis l'époque de son établissement par Ferdinant V jusqu'au règne de Ferdinand VII tirée des pièces originales des archives du Conseil de la Suprême et de celles des Tribunaux subalternes du Saint-Office /

Contiene : Tom.4.

Droit public et administratif romain ou Institutions politiques, administratives, économiques et sociales de l'Empire Romain du IVe au VIe siècle (de Constantin a Justinien) ; ouvrage suivi d'un mémoire sur le régime municipal en France dans les villages depuis les romains jusqu'a nos jours /

Contiene : Tom. I (502 p.) - Tom. II (540 p.)

Histoire critique de l'Inquisition d'Espagne : depuis l'époque de son établissement par Ferdinant V jusqu'au règne de Ferdinand VII tirée des pièces originales des archives du Conseil de la Suprême et de celles des Tribunaux subalternes du Saint-Office /

Contiene: Tom.1 - Tom.2 - Tom.3 - Tom.4.

Histoire de la réformation en Europe au temps de Calvin ...

Tom I is "2d éd."

Esprit du Mémorial de Ste. -Hélène. Extrait de l'original et reproduit sans commentaires avec l'agrément de l'auteur. Tom. 1, 2.

Mode of access: Internet.

Membrane insertion of anthrax protective antigen and cytoplasmic delivery of lethal factor occur at different stages of the endocytic pathway

The protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin binds to a cell surface receptor, undergoes heptamerization, and binds the enzymatic subunits, the lethal factor (LF) and the edema factor (EF). The resulting complex is then endocytosed. Via mechanisms that depend on the vacuolar ATPase and require membrane insertion of PA, LF and EF are ultimately delivered to the cytoplasm where their targets reside. Here, we show that membrane insertion of PA already occurs in early endosomes, possibly only in the multivesicular regions, but that subsequent delivery of LF to the cytoplasm occurs preferentially later in the endocytic pathway and relies on the dynamics of internal vesicles of multivesicular late endosomes.

The patrol officers and Tom Kabu: power and prestige in the Purari Delta

In 1946, Tom Kabu returned to the Gulf of Papua determined to reinvent the communities of the Purari Delta. A man of quiet determination, in the first few years he and his followers resisted the assistance of the Australian Administration in Palma and New Guinea. Kabu's popularity in the villages of the Purari, coupled with his independent stance, caused resentment within the local expatriate community. The field staff working for the Department of District Services and Native Affairs especially felt threatened by Kabu's influence and sought to regain government control by opposing his ventures. Through the study of patrol reports written by these officers, this paper seeks to examine the reasons for this resentment and the methods employed by the officers to crush Kabu's company.

Detection of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI-2) in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients

Background: The regulation of plasminogen activation is a key element in controlling proteolytic events in the extracellular matrix. Our previous studies had demonstrated that in inflamed gingival tissues, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is significantly increased in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue and that interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) can up regulate the level of t-PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts. Method: In the present study, the levels of t-PA and PAI-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites and compared before and after periodontal treatment. Crevicular fluid from 106 periodontal sites in 33 patients were collected. 24 sites from 11 periodontitis patients received periodontal treatment after the first sample collection and post-treatment samples were collected 14 days after treatment. All samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for t-PA and PAI-2. Results: The results showed that significantly high levels of t-PA and PAI-2 in GCF were found in the gingivitis and periodontitis sites. Periodontal treatment led to significant decreases of PAI-2, but not t-PA, after 14 days. A significant positive linear correlation was found between t-PA and PAI-2 in GCF (r=0.80, p

Teoretycznoprawne aspekty operacjonalizacji ochrony praw człowieka w państwie z perspektywy globalnego systemu prawa (Zarys problematyki)

The article is devoted to the presentation of the outline of the concept of operationalization of human rights taking place in the states involved in the system of international protection of those rights. The concept of operationalization of protection is a collective term for a series of processes that lead to the establishment of legal provisions protecting human rights, and to transfer this abstract construct to specific societies. It includes both the decision-making processes of extralegal (uprising idea, its conceptualization, social issues and change the perception of axiology of society, cultural aspects) and legal (lawmaking and law application processes in the aspect of human rights and the impact of international institutions on them) character. The essence of the process of operationalization is providing effective protection of human rights in a state. The concept is set primarily on the consequences of membership of Poland in the system of the Council of Europe.

Diálogos de práticas sociais para construção do conhecimento agroecológico entre agricultores familiares e os Projetos Tipitamba e Raízes da Terra, Igarapé-Açu, Pará.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como as práticas sociais contribuem para o processo de transição agroecológica e construção do conhecimento agroecológico. O método utilizado na coleta de dados foi a observação direta, para análise dos dados articulou-se a teoria e empiria. O diálogo de saberes permitiu a identificação, sistematização e compreensão das experiências agroecológicas, as quais contribuem para o processo de transição social agroecológico e construção do conhecimento agroecológico.

Experiências com métodos alternativos de controle de pragas e doenças no município de Igarapé-Açu, Pará.

Com o intuito de conhecer, caracterizar e sistematizar as decisões tomadas por agricultores familiares de Igarapé-Açu, Pará, no que diz respeito à utilização de métodos alternativos no controle de pragas e doenças, a presente pesquisa foi proposta. Utilizou-se a técnica de ?sistematização?. Conclui-se que, os agricultores familiares de Igarapé-Açu acreditam ser viável a utilização de produtos alternativos, para o controle de pragas e doenças. Os principais inseticidas botânicos utilizados são: fumo (Nicotiana tabacum), nim (Azadirachta indica) e o tucupi (extraído a partir do processamento da Manihot esculenta Crantz). E a participação dos agricultores nos treinamentos oferecidos pela Embrapa Amazônia Oriental não é fator determinante para a disseminação do uso de inseticidas botânicos na região.

Beam-energy Dependence Of The Directed Flow Of Protons, Antiprotons, And Pions In Au+au Collisions.

Rapidity-odd directed flow (v1) measurements for charged pions, protons, and antiprotons near midrapidity (y=0) are reported in sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions as recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At intermediate impact parameters, the proton and net-proton slope parameter dv1/dy|y=0 shows a minimum between 11.5 and 19.6 GeV. In addition, the net-proton dv1/dy|y=0 changes sign twice between 7.7 and 39 GeV. The proton and net-proton results qualitatively resemble predictions of a hydrodynamic model with a first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined matter, and differ from hadronic transport calculations.

Electronic And Structural Study Of Pt-modified Au Vicinal Surfaces: A Model System For Pt-au Catalysts.

Two single crystalline surfaces of Au vicinal to the (111) plane were modified with Pt and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in ultra-high vacuum environment. The vicinal surfaces studied are Au(332) and Au(887) and different Pt coverage (θPt) were deposited on each surface. From STM images we determine that Pt deposits on both surfaces as nanoislands with heights ranging from 1 ML to 3 ML depending on θPt. On both surfaces the early growth of Pt ad-islands occurs at the lower part of the step edge, with Pt ad-atoms being incorporated into the steps in some cases. XPS results indicate that partial alloying of Pt occurs at the interface at room temperature and at all coverage, as suggested by the negative chemical shift of Pt 4f core line, indicating an upward shift of the d-band center of the alloyed Pt. Also, the existence of a segregated Pt phase especially at higher coverage is detected by XPS. Sample annealing indicates that the temperature rise promotes a further incorporation of Pt atoms into the Au substrate as supported by STM and XPS results. Additionally, the catalytic activity of different PtAu systems reported in the literature for some electrochemical reactions is discussed considering our findings.