134 resultados para Thorny catfishes
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Triplicate groups of juvenile suribim were fed for 183 days one of four different isonitrogenous (47.6% crude protein) and isolipidic (18.7% lipid) diets formulated using three different lipid sources: 100% fish oil (FO, diet 1); 100% pig lard (L, diet 2); 100% soybean oil (SO, diet 3), and FO/L/SO (1:1:1, w/w/w; diet 4). The tissue levels of fatty acids 18:2n - 6 and 18:3n - 3 decreased relative to corresponding dietary fatty acid values. The 20:5n - 3 and 22:6n - 3 composition of muscle and liver neutral lipids were linearly correlated with corresponding dietary fatty acid composition. In contrast, the 22:6n - 3 composition of the brain and eye were similar among treatments. The 22:6n - 3 level was enriched in all tissues, particularly in the neural tissues. Similar results were observed for tissue polar lipids: fatty acids content reflected dietary composition, with the exception of the 22:6n - 3 level, which showed enrichment and no differences between groups. Given these results, the importance of the biochemical functions (transport and/or metabolism) of 22:6n - 3 in the development of the neural system of surubim warrants further investigation. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.
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The determination of mean intensity of parasitism for colony-forming sessile protozoan such as Epistylis has been a great problem in parasitological studies. Some alternatives have been proposed by researchers for laboratory and field conditions. This study describes the criteria to establish the parasitic intensity score for epistylidid infestation in fish. Parasite distribution and the host-parasite relationship in four species of Brazilian cultured catfish and their hybrids are discussed. The highest prevalence rates were found in the hybrid jundiara, Leiarius marmoratus male × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum female (96.4 %), followed by jurupoca, Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (60 %), and the hybrid surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans male × P. reticulatum female (52.7 %). Positive correlation between parasitic intensity score and the fish size, weight, and relative condition factor were also observed. These findings indicate that Epistylis infestation in Brazilian catfish is an emerging disease in cultured fish. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
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A physical chromosome mapping of the H1 histone and 5S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was performed in interspecific hybrids of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and P. reticulatum. The results showed that 5S rRNA clusters were located in the terminal region of 2 chromosomes. H1 histone and 18S ribosomal genes were co-localized in the terminal portion of 2 chromosomes (distinct from the chromosomes bearing 5S clusters). These results represent the first report of association between H1 histone and 18S genes in fish genomes. The chromosome clustering of ribosomal and histone genes was already reported for different organisms and suggests a possible selective pressure for the maintenance of this association. © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Background: The megadiverse Neotropical freshwater ichthyofauna is the richest in the world with approximately 6,000 recognized species. Interestingly, they are distributed among only 17 orders, and almost 80% of them belong to only three orders: Characiformes, Siluriformes and Perciformes. Moreover, evidence based on molecular data has shown that most of the diversification of the Neotropical ichthyofauna occurred recently. These characteristics make the taxonomy and identification of this fauna a great challenge, even when using molecular approaches. In this context, the present study aimed to test the effectiveness of the barcoding methodology (COI gene) to identify the mega diverse freshwater fish fauna from the Neotropical region. For this purpose, 254 species of fishes were analyzed from the Upper Parana River basin, an area representative of the larger Neotropical region.Results: Of the 254 species analyzed, 252 were correctly identified by their barcode sequences (99.2%). The main K2P intra- and inter-specific genetic divergence values (0.3% and 6.8%, respectively) were relatively low compared with similar values reported in the literature, reflecting the higher number of closely related species belonging to a few higher taxa and their recent radiation. Moreover, for 84 pairs of species that showed low levels of genetic divergence (<2%), application of a complementary character-based nucleotide diagnostic approach proved useful in discriminating them. Additionally, 14 species displayed high intra-specific genetic divergence (>2%), pointing to at least 23 strong candidates for new species.Conclusions: Our study is the first to examine a large number of freshwater fish species from the Neotropical area, including a large number of closely related species. The results confirmed the efficacy of the barcoding methodology to identify a recently radiated, megadiverse fauna, discriminating 99.2% of the analyzed species. The power of the barcode sequences to identify species, even with low interspecific divergence, gives us an idea of the distribution of inter-specific genetic divergence in these megadiverse fauna. The results also revealed hidden genetic divergences suggestive of reproductive isolation and putative cryptic speciation in some species (23 candidates for new species). Finally, our study constituted an important contribution to the international Barcoding of Life (iBOL.org) project, providing barcode sequences for use in identification of these species by experts and non-experts, and allowing them to be available for use in other applications. © 2013 Pereira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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The family Callichthyidae, divided into the subfamilies Corydoradinae and Callichthyinae, contains more than 200 species of armoured catfishes distributed throughout the Neotropics, as well as fossil species dating from the Palaeocene. Both subfamilies are very widely distributed throughout the continent, with some species ranges extending across multiple hypothesized biogeographical barriers. Species with such vast geographical ranges could be made up of multiple cryptic populations that are genetically distinct and have diverged over time. Although relationships among Callichthyinae genera have been thoroughly investigated, the historical biogeography of the Callichthyinae and the presence of species complexes have yet to be examined. Furthermore, there is a lack of fossil-calibrated molecular phylogenies providing a time frame for the evolution of the Callichthyinae. Here, we present a novel molecular data set for all Callichthyinae genera composed of partial sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear markers. These data were used to construct a fossil-calibrated tree for the Callichthyinae and to reconstruct patterns of spatiotemporal evolution. All phylogenetic analyses [Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony (MP)] resulted in a single fully resolved and well-supported hypothesis for the Callichthyinae, where Dianema is the sister group of all the remaining genera. Results suggest that the ancestry of most Callichthyinae genera originated in the Amazonas basin, with a number of subsequent ancestral dispersal events between adjacent basins. High divergences in sequences and time were observed for several samples of Hoplosternum littorale, Megalechis picta and Callichthys callichthys, suggesting that these species may contain cryptic diversity. The results highlight the need for a taxonomic revision of species complexes within the Callichthyinae, which may reveal more diversity within this relatively species-poor lineage. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) e a piramutaba (B. vaillantii), são dois bagres migradores de água doce, exploradas pela pesca comercial artesanal e industrial na Amazônia. São de grande importância para a pesca comercial nesta região e atualmente seus estoques estão em estado de sobrexplotação. A literatura cientifica não registra trabalhos sobre a biologia e ecologia referentes aos estágios juvenis destes bagres. Em estudos de dinâmica populacional, a correta estimação da idade é essencial na estimativa dos parâmetros de crescimento, que são essenciais para a avaliação dos estoques. Os estudos de determinação de idade geralmente são feitos em espécimes subadultos e adultos e a idade dos juvenis é retrocalculada. O que pode levar aos erros de avaliação. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: (1) descrever e estimar as relações entre as medidas morfométricas dos otólitos lapillus com as medidas corporais de dourada e de piramutaba, e (2) verificar o surgimento dos primeiros anéis de crescimento nos espécimes juvenis. Para o estudo da morfometria e descrição foram utilizados otólitos de dourada e de piramutaba juvenis, sub-adultos e adultos provenientes dos Municípios de Colares (PA), Almeirim (PA), Santarém (PA), Manaus (AM), do Distrito de Mosqueiro (PA), e do estuário amazônico. O período de coletas foi diferente para cada local, e de setembro de 1996 a janeiro de 2006. As seguintes relações foram estimadas: comprimento furcal dos espécimes (CF) x peso total dos espécimes (PT); CF x comprimento máximo do otólito (CMO); CF x largura máxima do otólito (LMO); CF x peso total do otólito (PTO); PT x CMO; PT x LMO e PT x PTO. E as equações estimadas foram: Dourada: PT = 9,5 x 10-6 x Cf 3,0279, CF = 25,259 * CMO1,1571, CF = 40,626 * LMO1,2127, CF = 840,419 * PTO0,4077, PT = 0,125 * CMO3,6547, PT = 0,568 * LMO3,8294, PT = 7549,98 * PTO1,2651; Piramutaba: PT = 5,4 x 10-6 x Cf 3,1441, CF = 31,871 * CMO1,3381, CF = 55,852 * LMO1,3722, CF = 1641,064 * PTO0,4686, PT = 0,3127 * CMO4,1857, PT = 1,823 * LMO4,2788, PT = 66675,977 * PTO1,4508. A descrição dos otólitos classificou os lapilli de dourada e de piramutaba em três categorias conforme seu desenvolvimento e CF dos espécimes: dourada I (60 a 80 mm), dourada II (80 a 110 mm), dourada III (110 a 210 mm), piramutaba I (65 a 80 mm), piramutaba II (80 a 110 mm), e piramutaba III (110 a 190 mm). E no estudo da verificação de anéis de crescimento em lapillus foram utilizados somente os juvenis, com CF £ 200 mm. Na baía de Marajó, a dourada e a piramutaba forma o primeiro anel de crescimento com CF médio de 175,03 mm e 171,03 mm, respectivamente. E as duas espécies têm entre nove e doze meses de idade quando formam o primeiro anel de crescimento. Os raios médios do primeiro anel hialino do corte transversal do lapillus de dourada e de piramutaba foram 0,36 mm (± 0,03) e 0,33 mm (± 0,01), respectivamente. O raio total médio do corte transversal do lapillus de dourada foi de 0,64 mm (± 0,14) e o da piramutaba foi de 0,53 mm (± 0,09). A equação obtida entre o raio total do corte transversal do lapillus de juvenis de dourada com seu CF foi CF = 248,589 * Rt1,1901. E a equação estimada para a piramutaba foi CF = 400,494 * Rt1,7178. Douradas e piramutabas com CF de 60-70 mm têm idade de três a seis meses, com CF de 70-110 mm têm de seis a nove meses e com CF de 110-200 mm têm de nove a doze meses.
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Pertencente a ordem dos Siluriformes, a família Ariidae compreende os bagres marinhos e estuarinos os quais distribuem-se pelas costas de todos os continentes, habitando áreas costeiras de região tropical e subtropical, onde vivem em águas de pouca profundidade, com fundo arenoso ou lodoso. No estuário Amazônico, no estado do Pará, encontram-se 7 espécies pertencentes ao gênero Anus (A. couma, A. parkeri, A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phrygiatus e A. proops). O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os hábitos alimentares, sobreposição alimentar e espacial, distribuição espacial e sazonal das espécies de Anus (Siluriformes, Ariidae) do Estuário Amazônico. As coletas foram realizadas durante o período de agosto a outubro de 1996, de fevereiro a abril e agosto a outubro de 1997. Os indivíduos foram capturados com rede de fundo sem porta da frota piramutabeira do estuário Amazônico. Existem dois grupos de espécies do gênero Anus: as espécies que se alimentam de crustáceos (A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phrygiatus e A. proops) e as espécies que se alimentam de peixes (A. couma, A. parken). Com relação a sobreposição alimentar todas as espécies apresentam um certo grau sobreposição alimentar assim como a sobreposição espacial. A. couma e A. phrygiatus estão mais abundantes nos estratos de profundidade entre 5-10 m e A. rugispinis, A quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. parkeri e A. proops nos estrato de 10-20 m. A. phrygiatus é a única espécie que apresenta maior abundância durante o inverno e as demais espécies aparecem tanto no verão como no inverno
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)