MARKETING E CRÍTICA PROFÉTICA NA AÇÃO EVANGELIZADORA DA IGREJA CATÓLICA

A proposta de utilização do marketing na ação evangelizadora da Igreja Católica provoca debates entre os diversos segmentos da instituição. Por um lado, setores favoráveis defendem que a utilização do marketing religioso é uma alternativa disponível para Igreja Católica buscar a eficácia na realização de seus objetivos. Por outro lado, setores contrários ao marketing religioso afirmam que há incompatibilidade entre a lógica do marketing e a lógica profética da tradição judaico-cristã. Estes setores assumem a visão de que a lógica do marketing está articulada à lógica da sociedade do consumo, e, portanto, à lógica do capitalismo. Como são críticos ao capitalismo, passam a ser, também, contrários ao uso do marketing na ação eclesial. Diante desta controvérsia, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de mostrar que não há contradição na utilização de algumas técnicas de marketing na ação evangelizadora dos setores católicos comprometidos com a crítica profética à cultura do consumo, a fim de que sua ação profética seja mais eficaz. Nesse sentido, pretendemos mostrar que, de fato, há contradição entre a lógica do marketing e a lógica profética, mas que não existe, necessariamente, contradição entre o uso de algumas técnicas de marketing e a missão profética do cristianismo. Como procedimentos metodológicos, optamos por uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir dos seguintes referenciais teóricos: Peter Drucker e Philip Kotler foram importantes para fundamentar o significado do marketing nas áreas de Marketing e de Administração. No campo das Ciências da Religião os referenciais teóricos foram Jung Mo Sung, que contribuiu com o estudo das relações entre lógica do mercado, lógica profética e evangelização, e Afonso Murad, que foi importante para articular os conceitos de gestão e de estratégia na ação evangelizadora.(AU)

MARKETING E CRÍTICA PROFÉTICA NA AÇÃO EVANGELIZADORA DA IGREJA CATÓLICA

A proposta de utilização do marketing na ação evangelizadora da Igreja Católica provoca debates entre os diversos segmentos da instituição. Por um lado, setores favoráveis defendem que a utilização do marketing religioso é uma alternativa disponível para Igreja Católica buscar a eficácia na realização de seus objetivos. Por outro lado, setores contrários ao marketing religioso afirmam que há incompatibilidade entre a lógica do marketing e a lógica profética da tradição judaico-cristã. Estes setores assumem a visão de que a lógica do marketing está articulada à lógica da sociedade do consumo, e, portanto, à lógica do capitalismo. Como são críticos ao capitalismo, passam a ser, também, contrários ao uso do marketing na ação eclesial. Diante desta controvérsia, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de mostrar que não há contradição na utilização de algumas técnicas de marketing na ação evangelizadora dos setores católicos comprometidos com a crítica profética à cultura do consumo, a fim de que sua ação profética seja mais eficaz. Nesse sentido, pretendemos mostrar que, de fato, há contradição entre a lógica do marketing e a lógica profética, mas que não existe, necessariamente, contradição entre o uso de algumas técnicas de marketing e a missão profética do cristianismo. Como procedimentos metodológicos, optamos por uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir dos seguintes referenciais teóricos: Peter Drucker e Philip Kotler foram importantes para fundamentar o significado do marketing nas áreas de Marketing e de Administração. No campo das Ciências da Religião os referenciais teóricos foram Jung Mo Sung, que contribuiu com o estudo das relações entre lógica do mercado, lógica profética e evangelização, e Afonso Murad, que foi importante para articular os conceitos de gestão e de estratégia na ação evangelizadora.(AU)

MARKETING E CRÍTICA PROFÉTICA NA AÇÃO EVANGELIZADORA DA IGREJA CATÓLICA

A proposta de utilização do marketing na ação evangelizadora da Igreja Católica provoca debates entre os diversos segmentos da instituição. Por um lado, setores favoráveis defendem que a utilização do marketing religioso é uma alternativa disponível para Igreja Católica buscar a eficácia na realização de seus objetivos. Por outro lado, setores contrários ao marketing religioso afirmam que há incompatibilidade entre a lógica do marketing e a lógica profética da tradição judaico-cristã. Estes setores assumem a visão de que a lógica do marketing está articulada à lógica da sociedade do consumo, e, portanto, à lógica do capitalismo. Como são críticos ao capitalismo, passam a ser, também, contrários ao uso do marketing na ação eclesial. Diante desta controvérsia, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de mostrar que não há contradição na utilização de algumas técnicas de marketing na ação evangelizadora dos setores católicos comprometidos com a crítica profética à cultura do consumo, a fim de que sua ação profética seja mais eficaz. Nesse sentido, pretendemos mostrar que, de fato, há contradição entre a lógica do marketing e a lógica profética, mas que não existe, necessariamente, contradição entre o uso de algumas técnicas de marketing e a missão profética do cristianismo. Como procedimentos metodológicos, optamos por uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir dos seguintes referenciais teóricos: Peter Drucker e Philip Kotler foram importantes para fundamentar o significado do marketing nas áreas de Marketing e de Administração. No campo das Ciências da Religião os referenciais teóricos foram Jung Mo Sung, que contribuiu com o estudo das relações entre lógica do mercado, lógica profética e evangelização, e Afonso Murad, que foi importante para articular os conceitos de gestão e de estratégia na ação evangelizadora.(AU)

Islam and development: exploring the invisible aid economy

The study of Islam since the advent of 9/11 has made a significant resurgence. However, much of the work produced since then has tended to focus on the movements that not only provide aid to their fellow Muslims, but also have political and at times violent agendas. This tendency has led to a dearth of research on the wider Muslim aid and development scene. Focusing on the role and impact of Islam and Islamic FBOs, an arena that has come to be regarded by some as the 'invisible aid economy', Islam and Development considers Islamic theology and its application to development and how Islamic teaching is actualized in case studies of Muslim FBOs. It brings together contributions from the disciplines of theology, sociology, politics and economics, aiming both to raise awareness and to function as a corrective step within the development studies literature.

The economy of the covenants between God and man : comprehending a complete body of divinity /

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Towards participatory political theology: democratic consolidation in Southeastern Europe and the role of Eastern Christianity in the process

This thesis defends the position that the Eastern Orthodoxy has the potential to develop, on the basis of its core concepts and doctrines, a new political theology that is participatory, personalist and universalist. This participatory political theology, as I name it, endorses modern democracy and the values of civic engagement. It enhances the process of democracy-building and consolidation in the SEE countries through cultivating the ethos of participation and concern with the common good among and the recognition of the dignity and freedom of the person. This political-theological model is developed while analyzing critically the traditional models of church-state relations (the symphonia model corresponding to the medieval empire and the Christian nation model corresponding to the nation-state) as being instrumentalized to serve the political goals of non-democratic regimes. The participatory political-theological model is seen as corresponding to the conditions of the constitutional democratic state. The research is justified by the fact the Eastern Orthodoxy has been a dominant religiouscultural force in the European South East for centuries, thus playing a significant role in the process of creation of the medieval and modern statehood of the SEE countries. The analysis employs comparative constitutional perspectives on democratic transition and consolidation in the SEE region with the theoretical approaches of political theology and Eastern Orthodox theology. The conceptual basis for the political-theological synthesis is found in the concept and doctrines of the Eastern Orthodoxy (theosis and synergy, ecclesia and Eucharist, conciliarity and catholicity, economy and eschatology) which emphasize the participatory, personalist and communal dimensions of the Orthodox faith and practice. The paradigms of revealing the political-theological potential of these concepts are the Eucharistic ecclesiology and the concept of divine-human communion as defining the body of Orthodox theology. The thesis argues that with its ethos of openness and engagement the participatory political theology presupposes political systems that are democratic, inclusive, and participatory, respecting the rights and the dignity of the person. The political theology developed here calls for a transformation and change of democratic systems towards better realization of their personalist and participatory commitments. In the context of the SEE countries the participatory political theology addresses the challenges posed by alternative authoritarian political theologies practiced in neighboring regions.

Beatific Enjoyment in Scholastic Philosophy and Theology: 1240-1335

This dissertation examines the concept of beatific enjoyment (fruitio beatifica) in scholastic theology and philosophy in the thirteenth and early fourteenth century. The aim of the study is to explain what is enjoyment and to show why scholastic thinkers were interested in discussing it. The dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with Aurelius Augustine's distinction between enjoyment and use and the place of enjoyment in the framework of Augustine's view of the passions and the human will. The first chapter also focuses upon the importance of Peter Lombard's Sentences for the transmission of Augustine's treatment of enjoyment in scholastic thought as well as upon Lombard's understanding of enjoyment. The second chapter treats thirteenth-century conceptions of the object and psychology of enjoyment. Material for this chapter is provided by the writings - mostly Sentences commentaries - of Alexander of Hales, Albert the Great, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Peter of Tarentaise, Robert Kilwardby, William de la Mare, Giles of Rome, and Richard of Middleton. The third chapter inspects early fourteenth-century views of the object and psychology of enjoyment. The fourth chapter focuses upon discussions of the enjoyment of the Holy Trinity. The fifth chapter discusses the contingency of beatific enjoyment. The main writers studied in the third, fourth and fifth chapters are John Duns Scotus, Peter Aureoli, Durandus of Saint Pourçain, William of Ockham, Walter Chatton, Robert Holcot, and Adam Wodeham. Historians of medieval intellectual history have emphasized the significance of the concept of beatific enjoyment for understanding the character and aims of scholastic theology and philosophy. The concept of beatific enjoyment was developed by Augustine on the basis of the insight that only God can satisfy our heart's desire. The possibility of satisfying this desire requires a right ordering of the human mind and a detachment of the will from the relative goals of earthly existence. Augustine placed this insight at the very foundation of the notion of Christian learning and education in his treatise On Christian Doctrine. Following Augustine, the twelfth-century scholastic theologian Peter Lombard made the concept of enjoyment the first topic in his plan of systematic theology. The official inclusion of Lombard's Sentences in the curriculum of theological studies in the early universities stimulated vigorous discussions of enjoyment. Enjoyment was understood as a volition and was analyzed in relation to cognition and other psychic features such as rest and pleasure. This study shows that early fourteenth-century authors deepened the analysis of enjoyment by concentrating upon the relationship between enjoyment and mental pleasure, the relationship between cognition and volition, and the relationship between the will and the beatific object (i.e., the Holy Trinity). The study also demonstrates the way in which the idea of enjoyment was affected by changes in the method of theological analysis - the application of Aristotelian logic in a Trinitarian context and the shift from virtue ethics to normative ethics.

The training in social and solidarity economy. Analysis of the university offer in Spain

This research analyses the importance of the training for the promotion of the social economy in two ways: 1) focusing on the characteristics of the educational offer of Social Economy and 2) analyzing its differences regarding to those studies from the Management, entrepreneurship, and innovations areas. To this aim, it is carried out as a first step a literature review of the contributions that study the relationships that can exist between the education and Economy. Then, being based on this previous analysis, we already center our research on the Social Economy sector and its relations with the education system. To get this objective, it has been developed a database that includes all the postgraduate titles related to the Economics area. Likewise, a questionnaire has been designed with the aim of characterize the training in social Economy. As a conclusion, it is obtained that the training in social economy in postgraduate studies in the Spanish Universities is very poor. On the other hand, there are significant differences between Social Economy degrees and Business Management, entrepreneurship and innovation degrees with regard to different aspects such as: values to transmit, competencies, skills, the way of understanding the Economy, etc. Based on these conclusions, different recommendations are proposed in order to promote and boost this other way of doing Economy through the training and education in postgraduate studies.

Gregory Palamas on the relationship between philosophy and theology

The relationship between philosophy and theology has rarely been a harmonious and fruitful one. The two disciplines are often segmented into mutually exclusive compartments. On the one hand, philosophers, particularly contemporary philosophers working within the Anglo-American analytic tradition, widely agree that the claims made by theologians – such as the claim that there is a God and that God is a trinity of persons – are meaningless, or false, or irrational, or unsupported by evidence, or in some other way epistemically below par. On the other hand, it is not unusual to find theologians following in the footsteps of writers such as Tertullian, Kierkegaard and Barth in arguing that, when it comes to theology, faith suffices and reason merely perverts.

The philosophy-theology dispute was no stranger to fourteenth-century Byzantium, particularly in the writings of the most prominent spiritual and intellectual figure of this period, viz., Gregory Palamas (c.1296-1359). In his debates with Barlaam of Calabria (c.1290-1348), Gregory Akindynos (c.1300-1348) and Nikephoros Gregoras (c.1290-c.1358), the issue of the appropriateness of employing philosophical terms and modes of reasoning in theology occupied a central place.[1] But before looking at how Palamas tackled this issue, it will be helpful, firstly, to briefly outline how the Christian world (especially in the East) prior to Palamas tended to see the relationship between secular learning (including philosophy) and theology; and secondly, to ascertain what exactly was Palamas’ conception of philosophy.

Knowledge, economy, technology and society: The politics of discourse

The WSIS is centrally interested in knowledge and has defined for itself a mission that is broadly humanitarian. Its development ‘talk’ is, rightly, replete with notions of equity, preserving culture, justice, human rights and so on. In incorporating such issues into knowledge society and economy discussions, WSIS has adopted a different posture towards knowledge than is seen in dominant discourses. This study analyses the dominant knowledge discourse using a large corpus of knowledge-related policy documents, discourse theory and an interrelational understanding of knowledge. I show that it is important to understand this dominant knowledge discourse because of its capacity to limit thought and action in relation to its central topic, knowledge. The results of this study demonstrate that the dominant knowledge discourse is technocratic, frequently insensitive to the humane mission at the core of the WSIS, and is based on a partial understanding of what knowledge is and how knowledge systems work. Moreover, I show that knowledge is inherently political, that the dominant knowledge discourse is politically oriented towards the concerns of business and technology, but that an emancipatory politics of knowledge is possible.

Co-ordination and public administration in a global economy — A Hungarian point of view

The purpose of social co-ordination mechanisms is to co-ordinate the activities of individuals and organisations specialised in the distribution of work. The paper reviews five basic types of mechanisms: market, bureaucratic, ethical, aggressive and co-operative co-ordination. Today’s world operates on the basis of a duality: international cooperation is based on nation states, in which the public administrations work according to bureaucratic coordination. However, the increasingly globalised market responds to the logic of market coordination. The article argues that in terms of understanding the working of public administration, the various coordination mechanisms are of crucial importance, especially where various mechanisms meet, such as the relationship between nation states and multinational corporations.

Happiness, environmental protection and market economy

The manufacturing sector is leaving the West for Asia’s low wages and good working culture. Europe would be better off keeping these manufacturing activities, slowing down wage inflation and what is more, letting a young, cheaper workforce from the East settle down within their borders. This would aid in preserving the diverse economic structure which has been characteristic for Europe.Beside the economic growth there are two more concepts which have turned into the “holy cows” of economics during the last fifty years. One is the need to constantly improve labor productivity and the other is increasing competitiveness of nations. The high labor productivity of some countries, induces severe unemployment in the globalized world. In the other hand it is high time we understood that it is not competition, but cooperation that brings more happiness to humanity.Should we still opt for “happiness” and “sanity”, it is quite obvious that we all should, in economists’ terms, define our individual welfare functions corresponding to our own set of values, staying free from the influence of media, advertisements and fashion. The cornerstone to all this is the intelligent citizen who prefers local goods and services.