958 resultados para Teachers – Continuous Formation


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In mass spectrometric (MS) systems with electrospray ionization (ESI), the sample can be analyzed coupled to separation systems (such as liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis) or simply by direct infusion. The greatest benefit of the type of injection is the possibility of continuous use of small amounts of samples over a long period of time. This extended analysis time allows a complete study of fragmentation by mass spectrometry, which is critical for structure elucidation of new compounds, or when using an ion trap mass analyzer. The injector filled with the sample is placed at the ESI source inlet creating an electric field suitable for the continuous formation of a spray (solvent and sample) and consequently, the gradual and even release of the sample. For the formation of the spray, is necessary that the injector end is metalized. The formation of a bilayer of titanium and gold provided an excellent attachment of the film, resulting in a nanoinjector for ionization/spray formation in the system for MS. The nanoinjectors showed high repeatability and stability over 100 min by continuous sampling with 10 µL of sample.

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The annexins, a family of Ca(2+)- and lipid-binding proteins, are involved in a range of intracellular processes. Recent findings have implicated annexin A1 in the resealing of plasmalemmal injuries. Here, we demonstrate that another member of the annexin protein family, annexin A6, is also involved in the repair of plasmalemmal lesions induced by a bacterial pore-forming toxin, streptolysin O. An injury-induced elevation in the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) triggers plasmalemmal repair. The highly Ca(2+)-sensitive annexin A6 responds faster than annexin A1 to [Ca(2+)](i) elevation. Correspondingly, a limited plasmalemmal injury can be promptly countered by annexin A6 even without the participation of annexin A1. However, its high Ca(2+) sensitivity makes annexin A6 highly amenable to an unproductive binding to the uninjured plasmalemma; during an extensive injury accompanied by a massive elevation in [Ca(2+)](i), its active pool is severely depleted. In contrast, annexin A1 with a much lower Ca(2+) sensitivity is ineffective at the early stages of injury; however, it remains available for the repair even at high [Ca(2+)](i). Our findings highlight the role of the annexins in the process of plasmalemmal repair; a number of annexins with different Ca(2+)-sensitivities provide a cell with the means to react promptly to a limited injury in its early stages and, at the same time, to withstand a sustained injury accompanied by the continuous formation of plasmalemmal lesions.

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The momentary, global functional state of the brain is reflected by its electric field configuration. Cluster analytical approaches consistently extracted four head-surface brain electric field configurations that optimally explain the variance of their changes across time in spontaneous EEG recordings. These four configurations are referred to as EEG microstate classes A, B, C, and D and have been associated with verbal/phonological, visual, attention reorientation, and subjective interoceptive-autonomic processing, respectively. The present study tested these associations via an intra-individual and inter-individual analysis approach. The intra-individual approach tested the effect of task-induced increased modality-specific processing on EEG microstate parameters. The inter-individual approach tested the effect of personal modality-specific parameters on EEG microstate parameters. We obtained multichannel EEG from 61 healthy, right-handed, male students during four eyes-closed conditions: object-visualization, spatial-visualization, verbalization (6 runs each), and resting (7 runs). After each run, we assessed participants' degrees of object-visual, spatial-visual, and verbal thinking using subjective reports. Before and after the recording, we assessed modality-specific cognitive abilities and styles using nine cognitive tests and two questionnaires. The EEG of all participants, conditions, and runs was clustered into four classes of EEG microstates (A, B, C, and D). RMANOVAs, ANOVAs and post-hoc paired t-tests compared microstate parameters between conditions. TANOVAs compared microstate class topographies between conditions. Differences were localized using eLORETA. Pearson correlations assessed interrelationships between personal modality-specific parameters and EEG microstate parameters during no-task resting. As hypothesized, verbal as opposed to visual conditions consistently affected the duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate classes A and B. Contrary to associations suggested by previous reports, parameters were increased for class A during visualization, and class B during verbalization. In line with previous reports, microstate D parameters were increased during no-task resting compared to the three internal, goal-directed tasks. Topographic differences between conditions concerned particular sub-regions of components of the metabolic default mode network. Modality-specific personal parameters did not consistently correlate with microstate parameters except verbal cognitive style which correlated negatively with microstate class A duration and positively with class C occurrence. This is the first study that aimed to induce EEG microstate class parameter changes based on their hypothesized functional significance. Beyond, the associations of microstate classes A and B with visual and verbal processing, respectively and microstate class D with interoceptive-autonomic processing, our results suggest that a finely-tuned interplay between all four EEG microstate classes is necessary for the continuous formation of visual and verbal thoughts, as well as interoceptive-autonomic processing. Our results point to the possibility that the EEG microstate classes may represent the head-surface measured activity of intra-cortical sources primarily exhibiting inhibitory functions. However, additional studies are needed to verify and elaborate on this hypothesis.

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El proyecto de investigación "La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología: estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes" tuvo entre sus propósitos iniciales indagar y comprender el sistema de creencias y representaciones de profesores y principiantes respecto a la enseñanza de la psicología, presuponiendo que los puntos de vista que los profesores tienen sobre el conocimiento psicológico afectan o inciden sobre el modo en que enseñan. Considerando que un número importante de profesores comparte la docencia con el ejercicio profesional, uno de los aspectos a explorar fue el impacto que sobre el pensamiento del profesor, genera la relación docencia-profesión. El proyecto se inscribe en un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, en el que la exploración y descripción no intentan señalar nexos causales del problema planteado sino comprender distintos aspectos del objeto de estudio. Ello posibilitó la aproximación a las prácticas de docentes expertos y principiantes, con el propósito de captar los constructos personales que mediatizan y significan la acción del docente en el aula.

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El proyecto de investigación "La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología: estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes" tuvo entre sus propósitos iniciales indagar y comprender el sistema de creencias y representaciones de profesores y principiantes respecto a la enseñanza de la psicología, presuponiendo que los puntos de vista que los profesores tienen sobre el conocimiento psicológico afectan o inciden sobre el modo en que enseñan. Considerando que un número importante de profesores comparte la docencia con el ejercicio profesional, uno de los aspectos a explorar fue el impacto que sobre el pensamiento del profesor, genera la relación docencia-profesión. El proyecto se inscribe en un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, en el que la exploración y descripción no intentan señalar nexos causales del problema planteado sino comprender distintos aspectos del objeto de estudio. Ello posibilitó la aproximación a las prácticas de docentes expertos y principiantes, con el propósito de captar los constructos personales que mediatizan y significan la acción del docente en el aula.

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El proyecto de investigación "La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología: estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes" tuvo entre sus propósitos iniciales indagar y comprender el sistema de creencias y representaciones de profesores y principiantes respecto a la enseñanza de la psicología, presuponiendo que los puntos de vista que los profesores tienen sobre el conocimiento psicológico afectan o inciden sobre el modo en que enseñan. Considerando que un número importante de profesores comparte la docencia con el ejercicio profesional, uno de los aspectos a explorar fue el impacto que sobre el pensamiento del profesor, genera la relación docencia-profesión. El proyecto se inscribe en un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, en el que la exploración y descripción no intentan señalar nexos causales del problema planteado sino comprender distintos aspectos del objeto de estudio. Ello posibilitó la aproximación a las prácticas de docentes expertos y principiantes, con el propósito de captar los constructos personales que mediatizan y significan la acción del docente en el aula.

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Claystones immediately overlying the early Eocene age ocean-floor basalt, cored at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 647, underwent hydrothermal and thermal alterations originating from the basalt, which resulted in changes in both the mineralogical and chemical composition of the sediments. Chlorites and higher magnesium and iron concentrations were found in the lowermost sediment sequence. Upcore, changes in the bulk chemical composition of the sediments become smaller, when compensated for variations in the carbonate content originating from biogenic and authigenic components. Chlorite disappears upcore, but still only part of the swelling clay minerals have survived the thermal influence. Thirty meters above the basalt, the clay mineralogy and chemical composition become uniform throughout the Paleogene section. Iron-rich smectites (i.e., nontronitic types), totally dominate the clay mineral assemblage. Biogenic components, responsible for the dominant part of the calcite and cristobalite contents, vary in amount in the upper part, and so do the authigenic carbonate and sulfide contents. Detrital components, such as kaolinite, illite, quartz, and feldspars, make up a very small proportion of the sediment record. The nontronitic smectites are believed to be authigenic, formed by a supply of iron from the continuous formation of ocean-floor basalt in the ridge area that reacted with the detrital and biogenic silicates and alumina silicates.

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O presente estudo faz uma investigação sobre a atribuição de formar professores durante o Horário de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (HTPC), que os professores coordenadores da rede estadual paulista receberam com a implantação do programa Ensino Médio em Rede, no período de 2004 a 2006. O estudo proporciona uma análise da condição de formador desses educadores, a partir das suas trajetórias profissionais, enfocando a construção da sua identidade e procurando encontrar os elementos comuns presentes no percurso de cada um, bem como as dificuldades vivenciadas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e as estratégias e alternativas adotadas por eles para superá-las. Além das consultas a diversos referenciais teóricos e legais, a pesquisa aconteceu através de trabalho de campo sistematizado a partir de questionários e entrevistas com professores coordenadores. No que se refere à análise das trajetórias profissionais dos professores coordenadores, a undamentação teórica contou com as contribuições de Antônio Nóvoa, Christine Josso e Zeila de Brito Fabri Demartini. Michel de Certeau subsidiou as reflexões sobre os mecanismos usados para burlar a política de formação em massa imposta a todas as escolas de Ensino Médio do Estado de São Paulo.(AU)

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O presente estudo faz uma investigação sobre a atribuição de formar professores durante o Horário de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (HTPC), que os professores coordenadores da rede estadual paulista receberam com a implantação do programa Ensino Médio em Rede, no período de 2004 a 2006. O estudo proporciona uma análise da condição de formador desses educadores, a partir das suas trajetórias profissionais, enfocando a construção da sua identidade e procurando encontrar os elementos comuns presentes no percurso de cada um, bem como as dificuldades vivenciadas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e as estratégias e alternativas adotadas por eles para superá-las. Além das consultas a diversos referenciais teóricos e legais, a pesquisa aconteceu através de trabalho de campo sistematizado a partir de questionários e entrevistas com professores coordenadores. No que se refere à análise das trajetórias profissionais dos professores coordenadores, a undamentação teórica contou com as contribuições de Antônio Nóvoa, Christine Josso e Zeila de Brito Fabri Demartini. Michel de Certeau subsidiou as reflexões sobre os mecanismos usados para burlar a política de formação em massa imposta a todas as escolas de Ensino Médio do Estado de São Paulo.(AU)

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Esta Tese apresenta um estudo sobre a formação inicial de professores de Química em 10 diferentes universidades públicas brasileiras, estabelecidas em 7 diferentes estados e abrange 217 estudantes de licenciatura. Analisou-se a influência do \"Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência\" - PIBID - na composição do Núcleo Central (NC) da Representação Social (RS; (MOSCOVICI, 1978) desses Licenciandos sobre o ser \"professor de Química\". Para alocar um termo na zona de centralidade de uma RS é necessário identificar o valor simbólico do termo, refletido em sua saliência, a qual é indicada pela relação entre freqüência e Ordem Média de Evocação e, pelo poder associativo, refletido na conexidade e na categorização temática dos termos. Para a coleta de informações, empregou-se um questionário, com 20 questões, das quais apenas 5 fazem referência específica à tarefa de livre associação de palavras a partir do termo indutor \"professor de Química\", enquanto as demais se referem à caracterização do grupo social. As conclusões deste estudo emergiram da comparação entre o NC da RS de alunos participantes do PIBID (118) com aquele de licenciandos que jamais participaram do Programa (99). Para os alunos participantes dos sub-projetos PIBID-QUÍMICA, os termos do NC da RS investigada são: dedicado, experimentação, responsabilidade. Para o sub-grupo não/PIBID, os termos salientes e com conexidade suficiente para expressar sua centralidade na RS são: dedicado, experimentação, inteligente. Portanto, a zona de centralidade da RS dos dois sub-grupos é diferente, devido a dois termos: responsabilidade e inteligente. O primeiro termo destacado é exclusivo do NC do sub-grupo PIBID, enquanto o último ocorre apenas no NC do sub-grupo não/PIBID. Vale salientar que para o sub-grupo PIBID o termo experimentação apresenta saliência e conexidade expressivos e, para o outro sub-grupo, o termo mais saliente e conexo é dedicado, o que reflete uma diferença qualitativa na organização interna da estrutura das RS, resultado que os caracteriza como diferentes grupos sociais, cada um com uma RS para o ser \"professor de Química\". A presença de termos diferentes na zona de centralidade das RS indica que o processo de formação desenvolvido no âmbito do PIBID expressa a importância da vivência das diferentes práticas pedagógicas junto à Escola Básica durante a formação inicial para a docência em Química, o que não ocorre para o sub-grupo não/PIBID até o momento dos estágios docentes, que demoram muito para acontecer nas Licenciaturas convencionais. No caso do sub-grupo não/PIBID, é forte a presença de termos ligados à idéia de \"vocação\" na docência, expressando aspectos históricos resistentes à mudança no processo de formação de professores.

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A number of very small isolated H II regions have been discovered at projected distances up to 30 kpc from their nearest galaxy. These H II regions appear as tiny emission-line objects in narrowband images obtained by the NOAO Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies (SINGG). We present spectroscopic confirmation of four isolated H II regions in two systems; both systems have tidal H I features. The results are consistent with stars forming in interactive debris as a result of cloud-cloud collisions. The Halpha luminosities of the isolated H II regions are equivalent to the ionizing flux of only a few O stars each. They are most likely ionized by stars formed in situ and represent atypical star formation in the low-density environment of the outer parts of galaxies. A small but finite intergalactic star formation rate will enrich and ionize the surrounding medium. In one system, NGC 1533, we calculate a star formation rate of 1.5 x 10(-3) M-. yr(-1), resulting in a metal enrichment of similar to 1 x 10(-3) solar for the continuous formation of stars. Such systems may have been more common in the past and a similar enrichment level is measured for the metallicity floor'' in damped Lyalpha absorption systems.

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O presente estudo faz uma investigação sobre a atribuição de formar professores durante o Horário de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (HTPC), que os professores coordenadores da rede estadual paulista receberam com a implantação do programa Ensino Médio em Rede, no período de 2004 a 2006. O estudo proporciona uma análise da condição de formador desses educadores, a partir das suas trajetórias profissionais, enfocando a construção da sua identidade e procurando encontrar os elementos comuns presentes no percurso de cada um, bem como as dificuldades vivenciadas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e as estratégias e alternativas adotadas por eles para superá-las. Além das consultas a diversos referenciais teóricos e legais, a pesquisa aconteceu através de trabalho de campo sistematizado a partir de questionários e entrevistas com professores coordenadores. No que se refere à análise das trajetórias profissionais dos professores coordenadores, a undamentação teórica contou com as contribuições de Antônio Nóvoa, Christine Josso e Zeila de Brito Fabri Demartini. Michel de Certeau subsidiou as reflexões sobre os mecanismos usados para burlar a política de formação em massa imposta a todas as escolas de Ensino Médio do Estado de São Paulo.(AU)

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A fruição artística por meio da música é um modo privilegiado de conhecimento e aproximação entre indivíduos de culturas distintas. A música pode enriquecer o trabalho pedagógico, facilitando a compreensão dos fatos históricos e atuando na formação de sujeitos críticos e conscientes, agentes de seu próprio conhecimento, em um plano que vai além do discurso verbal. A área de música tem uma função importante a cumprir. A música situa o fazer artístico do homem histórico brasileiro, que conhece suas características tanto particulares, tal como se mostram na criação de uma arte brasileira, quanto universais, tal como se revelam no ponto de encontro do fazer dos artistas de todos os tempos, que sempre inauguram formas de tornar o presente explicável. Pode-se concluir da importância da música na prática escolar, que deve ter espaço garantido nas políticas educacionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa, nessa perspectiva, é verificar as recomendações dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN-Arte) fazem quanto ao estudo da música e em que medida tais recomendações se expressam na prática educacional de escolas de Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, explora-se, como referencial teórico escolhido, os estudos de Montanari (1988) e Barbosa (1983). É uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e se desenvolve por meio de estudos bibliográficos relacionados à temática, incluindo o PCN-Arte, e também da coleta de dados entre professores polivalentes. Os dados obtidos são objeto de análise de conteúdo, de acordo com as orientações de Szymanski, Almeida & Prandini (2004), sendo que as categorias examinadas emergiram dos depoimentos dos entrevistados. O estudo enfatiza o quanto é preciso avançar nas políticas educacionais em nosso País.

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The intervention research proposed was based on the Cultural-Historical Theory based on the laws and logic of materialism historical-dialectical. Therefore, we tried to design a research process that involved all as responsible for the process. In the field of continuous teacher's training usually has been found dualistic relationship / paradoxical processes as a result of the adopted training models which are characterized by individualist human processes. The teacher training work sought to overcome this dualism, to promote the unveiling of the contradictions with regard to teaching models. As a hypothesis, we imagined that immersed in this process, teachers recognize such contradictions, and this recognition would make the contradictions become the driving force of change in teaching practice, realizing the teaching-learning-development triad as the basis of praxis. Aiming to develop a process of continuing education to bring results to the professional teachers development looking for answer the following research question: How and what the changes of teachers who participated in the Didactic-Formative Intervention process raised the quality of their teaching practices? In this context, the objective of the research was to develop a process of Didactic-Formative Intervention from the perspective of Cultural-Historical Theory with high school teachers in order to theorize about the changes in pedagogical practices of teachers and learn aspects that transform the essence teaching practice. The research involved two high school teachers of a public school in Uberlândia-MG. The training meetings took place at the school through a collective study group between the years 2013 and 2015. As procedures were used two interconnected aspects: classes observations, and a theoretical and methodological training, both for diagnosis and for the process evaluation, the second aspect has a formative dimension, and a didactic dimension (double meaning) to form didactically the teacher and to elaborate didactic procedures. The collected data were analyzed by observing the assumptions of the method, analysis by units and the processuality. As results teachers showed changes in their teaching practices regarding the organization of the pedagogical work and also centered their design educational actions based on learning and development of the students. The presence of continuous diagnosis during the classes, work with a systems of concepts and their conceptual links, problematization as a teaching method can be pointed as meaningful changes in their praxis. Regarding the training activities that emerged from the analysis of the compiled materials and analyzed throughout the process can be emphasized: forming a collective group of school teachers continuous training, diagnostics, development of practical activities, increase relationships among participants, the choice of scientific material used should have direct relation to the needs of the participants, promoting conditions that enable the emergence of contradictions between the pedagogical practice of teachers and teaching based on the perspective of the Cultural-Historical Theory. This research craved to develop and design a teachers' training processes that increase the quality of teachers life and ways of teaching in the Brazilian public school.

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This paper intends to analyze which contribution for teachers formative training the participation on extension projects can bring to the bachelors in Mathematics teaching. The research was conducted during the developing of a Project from the Program of Extension - Programa de Extensão UFU/Comunidade (PEIC) in a municipal school located in a country zone from Uberlândia-MG. The research was constituted by a series of activities with students from the ninth year of the Fundamental Education, Middle School. The main focus is the work developed by two bachelors of Mathemactics teaching from the Federal University from Uberlândia who were part of the PEIC team. This present research intends to answer the following question: How the extension project “Information technology and communication on Mathematics problem resolution in country zone schools” has contribited to reinforce and to (re)criate the fomative experiences of students from the Mathematics teaching course who have developed such project? The presente study is from a qualitative nature and has made use of the partaker searching methodology. The presente paper was organized in three chapters. On chapter I evidence is given to theoretical discussion made, having as main references the works of Larrosa, Ponte e Shön. Chapter II brings the description of the three activities that were developed and aplied during the PEIC Project, which are: Problems in the Park, Inaccessible Hight and Lili Game. On chapter III, the data analysis is presented. The data was obtained through instruments of registration such as: camera recording, photografic material, meetings reports, field notes, surveys and semi-structured interviews. The initial hypothesis aim is on the fact that the participation on extention projects during the graduation course can bring rich contribution for the teachers to be, since it’s going to provide the knowledge and chalenge close to the one from the future profession. With the analysis of the obtained results from the colected data, it was possible to conclude that the PEIC has provided the bachelors in Mathematics teching the opportunity of recreate and potenciate their formative experiences. Such opportunity happened in situations that involved, for example, planning makings, development of colective work, softwares usage, different school spaces and the direct interaction with school bureaucracy. Beyond that, it was possible to work with the cocepts of reflection in action in a way to contribute to the professional development of the future Mathematics teachers. Thereby, in our final considerations, is possible to conclude that extension projects performed during the graduation course can bring great contributions to the professional formation of the bachelors in Mathematics teaching, among them we highlight the potentiation of the previous formative experiences and the development of colective work and behavior related to a reflexive teacher.