Efeito da Gália como aditivo de sinterização em eletrólitos cerâmicos à base de céria sintetizados pelo método de complexação de cátions

Fuel cells are considered one of the most promising ways of converting electrical energy due to its high yield and by using hydrogen (as fuel) which is considered one of the most important source of clean energy for the future. Rare earths doped ceria has been widely investigated as an alternative material for the electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its high ionic conductivity at low operating temperatures compared with the traditional electrolytes based on stabilized zirconia. This work investigates the effect of gallium oxide (Gallia) as a sintering aid in Eu doped ceria ceramic electrolytes since this effect has already been investigated for Gd, Sm and Y doped ceria electrolytes. The desired goal with the use of a sintering aid is to reduce the sintering temperature aiming to produce dense ceramics. In this study we investigated the effects on densification, microstructure and ionic conduction caused by different molar fraction of the dopants europium (10, 15 and 20%) and gallium oxide (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) in samples sintered at 1300, 1350 and 1450 0 C. Samaria (10 and 20%) doped ceria samples sintered between 1350 and 1450 °C were used as reference. Samples were synthesized using the cation complexation method. The ceramics powders were characterized by XRF, XRD and SEM, while the sintered samples were investigated by its relative density, SEM and impedance spectroscopy. It was showed that gallia contents up to 0.6% act as excellent sintering aids in Eu doped ceria. Above this aid content, gallia addition does not promote significant increase in density of the ceramics. In Ga free samples the larger densification were accomplished with Eu 15% molar, effect expressed in the microstructure with higher grain growth although reduced and surrounded by many open pores. Relative densities greater than 95 % were obtained by sintering between 1300 and 1350 °C against the usual range 1500 - 1600 0 C. Samples containing 10% of Sm and 0.9% of Ga reached 96% of theoretical density by sintering at 1350 0 C for 3h, a gain compared to 97% achieved with 20% of Sm and 1% of Ga co-doped cerias sintered at 1450 0 C for 24 h as described in the literature. It is found that the addition of gallia in the Eu doped ceria has a positive effect on the grain conductivity and a negative one in the grain boundary conductivity resulting in a small decrease in the total conductivity which will not compromise its application as sintering aids in ceria based electrolytes. Typical total conductivity values at 600 and 700 °C, around 10 and 30 mS.cm -1 respectively were reached in this study. Samples with 15% of Eu and 0.9 % of Ga sintered at 1300 and 1350 °C showed relative densities greater than 96% and total conductivity (measured at 700 °C) between 20 and 33 mS.cm -1 . The simultaneous sintering of the electrolyte with the anode is one of the goals of research in materials for SOFCs. The results obtained in this study suggest that dense Eu and Ga co-doped ceria electrolytes with good ionic conductivity can be sintered simultaneously with the anode at temperatures below 1350 °C, the usual temperature for firing porous anode materials

Sinterização de matrizes cerâmicas à base de alumina reforçadas por carbetos a partir de precursores poliméricos

Ceramic composites produced with polymerics precursors have been studied for many years, due to the facility of obtaining a complex shape, at low temperature and reduces cost. The main objective of this work is to study the process of sintering of composites of ceramic base consisting of Al2O3 and silicates, reinforced for NbC, through the technique of processing AFCOP, as well as the influence of the addition of LZSA, ICZ and Al as materials infiltration in the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramic composite. Were produced ceramic matrix composites based SiCxOy e Al2O3 reinforced with NbC, by hidrosilylation reaction between D4Vi and D1107 mixtured with Al2O3 as inert filler, Nb and Al as reactive filler. The specimens produced were pyrolised at 1200, 1250 and 1400°C and infiltred with Al, ICZ and LZSA, respectively. Density, porosity, flexural mechanical strength and fracture surface by scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. The microstructure of the composites was investigated by X-ray diffraction to identify the presence of crystalline phases. The composites presented apparent porosity varying of 31 up to 49% and mechanical flexural strength of 14 up to 34 MPa. The infiltration process improviment of the densification and reduction of the porosity, as well as increased the values of mechanical flexural strength. The obtained phases had been identified as being Al3Nb, NbSi2, Nb5S3, Nb3Si and NbC. The samples that were submitted the infiltration process presented a layer next surface with reduced pores number in relation to the total volume

Integração de redes GNSS: uma proposta metodológica de densificação da rede SIRGAS na América do Sul

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nucleation kinetics of crystalline phases from a kaolinitic body used in the processing of red ceramics

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análises térmicas e processo de sinterização da cerâmica KSr2Nb5O15 dopada com CuO

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Production of a low young modulus titanium alloy by powder metallurgy

Titanium alloys have several advantages over ferrous and non-ferrous metallic materials, such as high strengthto-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. A blended elemental titanium powder metallurgy process has been developed to offer low cost commercial products. The process employs hydride-dehydride (HDH) powders as raw material. In this work, results of the Ti-35Nb alloy sintering are presented. This alloy due to its lower modulus of elasticity and high biocompatibility is a promising candidate for aerospace and medical use. Samples were produced by mixing of initial metallic powders followed by uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing with subsequent densification by isochronal sintering between 900 up to 1600 °C, in vacuum. Sintering behavior was studied by means of microscopy and density. Sintered samples were characterized for phase composition, microstructure and microhardness by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Vickers indentation, respectively. Samples sintered at high temperatures display a fine plate-like alpha structure and intergranular beta. A few remaining pores are still found and density above 90% for specimens sintered in temperatures over 1500 °C is reached.

Preparation of Al2TiO5-Al2O3 and Al2TiO5-Al2O3-TiO2 Ceramics by High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering

The present work reports on the preparation of Al2O3-TiO2 ceramics by high-energy ball milling and sintering, varying the molar fraction in 1:1 and 3:1. The powder mixtures were processed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using silicon nitride balls (10 mm diameter) and vials (225 mL), rotary speed of 250 rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 5:1. Samples were collected into the vial after different milling times. The milled powders were uniaxially compacted and sintered at 1300 and 1500 degrees C for 4h. The milled and sintered materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron scanning microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the intensity of Al2O3 and TiO2 peaks were reduced for longer milling times, suggesting that nanosized particles can be achieved. The densification of Al2O3-TiO2 ceramics was higher than 98% over the relative density in samples sintered at 1500 degrees C for 4h, which presented the formation of Al2TiO5.

Structural and dielectric characterization of praseodymium-modified lead titanate ceramics synthesized by the OPM route

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of magnesium on structure and properties of LiNbO3 prepared from polymeric precursors

The effect of magnesium addition on the phase formation and electric properties of LiNbO3 powder prepared from polymeric precursor was analyzed. It was shown that the unit-cell volume of the rhombohedral phase decreased with increasing magnesium concentration. Small amounts of secondary phases were observed in LiNbO3 powder doped with 5 and 10 mol% Mg+2. These results indicated that the Mg+2 ion was substituted for niobium ion in the rhombohedral phase. The addition of Mg+2 promotes densification of LiNbO3 ceramics. It was noticed that the increase in additive concentration leads to a decrease of electric properties, K-p and d(33). This is due to formation of LiNb3O8 and MgNb2O6 phases at the grain boundaries. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd and Techna S.r.l. All rights reserved.

The effect of preparation method and Sb content on SnO2-CuO sintering

The sintering behavior of SnO2-CuO system has been investigated for two preparation methods and as a function of antimony concentration. A chemical preparation (Pechini's method) resulted in powders with smaller particle sizes than for a conventional oxide mixture. This led to smaller grain sizes in Pechini's method ceramics. The microstructures were heterogeneous in both systems, showing grain coarsening. The densification was aided by liquid phase formation, due to copper, in both systems, but the temperature of maximum shrinkage rate was larger for the Pechini's method ceramic because copper had to diffuse to the grain surface. Independently of the preparation method, antimony did not aid densification, and increasing its concentration led to a higher densification temperature and lower shrinkage rate. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Microstructure and electrical properties of (Ta, Co, Pr) doped TiO2 based electroceramics

The addition of different dopants affects the densification, mean grain size and electrical properties of TiO2-based varistor ceramics. This paper discusses the microstructural and electrical properties of (Ta, Co, Pr) doped TiO2 systems, demonstrating that some of these systems display electrical properties that allow for their use as low voltage varistor. Dopants such as Ta2O5 play a special role in the formation of barriers at the grain boundary and in the nonlinear behavior in TiO2-based systems. The higher values of nonlinear coefficient and breakdown electric field were obtained in the system just doped with Ta2O5 and CoO.

NIR luminescent Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped SiO2-ZrO2 nanostructured planar and channel waveguides: Optical and structural properties

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

High precision GPS network with precise ephemerides and earth body tide model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sintering of tin oxide and its applications in electronics and processing of high purity optical glasses

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cerâmicas eletrônicas à base de SnO2 e TiO2

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)