Violence domestique: guide pratique. Améliorer la prise en charge des femmes concernées

[Table des matières] Généralités sur la violence domestique: Définition de la violence domestique, Prise en charge: possibilités et limites, Dépistage de la violence domestique, Signes et symptômes évoquant un contexte de violence domestique &. La situation spécifique des femmes migrantes. - Documentation: Marche à suivre: check-list, Consentement, Constat médical en cas de violence domestique, Examen physique, Attestation. - Annexes: Bases légales, Gynécologie des enfants et adolescentes, Caisse maladie et éléments financiers, Coordonnées des centres spécialisés, Centres cantonaux d'aide aux victimes d'infraction (Centres LAVI), Littérature et liens. - Suppléments: Marche à suivre: check-list, Spécimens de constat médical [Editorial (extrait)] Le groupe de travail «Abus sexuels au cabinet médical» - constitué voici quelques années par la Société Suisse de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique - s'est vu chargé par le président de la société d'élaborer un guide pratique pour aborder la violence domestique. En Suisse, des études d'envergure montrent qu'une femme sur quatre au cours de sa vie et une femme sur dix durant les !" derniers mois sont confrontées à la violence. Ces études révèlent un lien étroit entre de nombreux problèmes de santé et le fait de subir de la violence conjugale. La moitié des femmes touchées présentent des problèmes de santé physiques et deux tiers des problèmes de santé psychiques ou des troubles d'ordre psychosomatiques. Et ce sont ces problèmes qui amèneront les femmes à consulter leur médecin. Le groupe de travail poursuit l'objectif d'améliorer la prise en charge des femmes concernées par la violence. En effet, aussi longtemps que la cause réelle des symptômes et des plaintes, à savoir le fait de vivre dans un contexte de violence, n'est pas dépistée, aucune mesure thérapeutique ne pourra avoir d'impact durable sur la santé de la patiente. Les femmes concernées par la violence domestique s'adressent de préférence à leur médecin. De ce fait, les gynécologues, au sein de leur cabinet et dans les cliniques, vont entrer en contact avec ces femmes. Il est donc important que chacun dispose des connaissances nécessaires à leur prise en charge.

Subjective cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: association with personality traits.

AIM: In normal aging, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) might reflect personality traits or affective states rather than objective cognitive decline. However, little is known on the correlates of SCD in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The present study investigates SCD in MCI patients and healthy older adults, and explores the association of SCD with personality traits, affective states, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS), and episodic memory in patients with MCI as compared with healthy older adults. METHODS: A total of 55 patients with MCI and 84 healthy older adults were recruited. Standard instruments were used to evaluate SCD, episodic memory, BPS and affective states. Premorbid and current personality traits were assessed by proxies using the NEO Personality Inventory Revised. RESULTS: Patients with MCI generally reported SCD more often than healthy older adults. SCD was positively associated with depressive symptoms in both groups. With regard to personality, no significant relationship was found in the healthy older group, whereas agreeableness was significantly negatively related to SCD in the MCI group. No significant association was found between SCD and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS: SCD is more prevalent in patients with MCI than in the healthy elderly, but it does not reflect an objective cognitive impairment. SCD rather echoes depressive symptoms in both patients with MCI and healthy subjects. The negative association of SCD with agreeableness observed in patients with MCI could indicate that MCI patients scoring high on the agreeableness trait would not report SCD in order to prevent their relatives worrying about their increasing cognitive difficulties.

Psychiatrie et violence : quel est le risque acceptable ?

L'évolution des connaissances et des compétences en matière d'évaluation et de gestion du risque de violence a permis une indiscutable avancée. Néanmoins les instruments utilisés restent encore source de controverses et prêtent le flanc à de nombreuses critiques. Dans ce contexte le climat sécuritaire actuel fait peser une lourde pression sur les équipes soignantes qui ont aussi à faire face à la violence des patients. Une réflexion sur les possibilités et les limites autant du soin que de la privation de liberté permet, peut-être d'envisager ce qu'est un risque acceptable. Evolution of knowledge and skills in violence risk management and assessment allowed an indisputable progress. Nevertheless instruments used such as HCR-20 still remain source of controversy and gives occurrence to numerous criticisms. In this context, the current high security climate puts added pressure on the medical teams which also have to deal with the violence of patients. A reflection on the possibilities and the limits of care as well as freedom deprivation may allow us to envision what is an acceptable risk.

Un projet de recherche : identifier les compétences développées par les policiers exposés à la violence et aux incivilités

Les problèmes de santé mentale (détresse psychique, dépression, burn-out, etc.) sont une préoccupation grandissante dans les sociétés occidentales. Ils se caractérisent par de gros risques de rechutes et de chronicisation (Lopez, Mathers, Ezzati, Jamison, Murray, 2006; The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium, 2004), ainsi que par des conséquences dramatiques pour les personnes qui en sont les victimes. Pour les organisations - et la police n'échappe pas à ce phénomène - ces problèmes constituent un défi majeur puisqu'ils sont associés à des épisodes d'absences prolongées et à une diminution importante de l'efficacité au travail. [Auteur]

Adapting dating violence prevention to francophone Switzerland: a story of intra-western cultural differences.

Dating violence prevention programs, which originated in the United States, are beginning to be implemented elsewhere. This article presents the first adaptation of a violence prevention program for a European culture, Francophone Switzerland. A U.S. dating violence prevention program, Safe Dates (Foshee & Langwick, 1994), was reviewed in 19 youth and 4 professional focus groups. The most fundamental program concepts--"dating" and "violence"--are not the same in Switzerland and the United States. Swiss youth were not very focused on establishing monogamous romantic relationships, and there is no ready translation for "dating." Violence has not become the focus of a social movement in Switzerland to the same extent that it has in the United States, and distinctions among terms such as "dating violence" and "domestic violence" are not well known. Psychoeducational approaches are also less common in the Swiss context. As the movement to prevent violence extends worldwide, these issues need greater consideration.

The Impact of democratization: a preliminary investigation on social policies and political violence in Latin America

The recent strides of democracy in Latin America have been associated to conflicting outcomes. The expectation that democracy would bring about peace and prosperity have been only partly satisfied. While political violence has been by and large eradicated from the sub-continent, poverty and social injustice still prevail and hold sway. Our study argues that democracy matters for inequality through the growing strength of center left and left parties and by making political leaders in general more responsive to the underprivileged. Furthermore, although the pension reforms recently enacted in the region generated overall regressive outcomes on income distribution, democratic countries still benefit from their political past: where democratic tradition was stronger, such outcomes have been milder. Democratic tradition and the specific ideological connotations of the parties in power, on the other hand, did not play an equally crucial role in securing lower levels of political violence: during the last wave of democratizations in Latin America, domestic peace was rather an outcome of political and social concessions to those in distress. In sum, together with other factors and especially economic ones, the reason why recent democratizations have provided domestic peace in most cases, but have been unable so far to solve the problem of poverty and inequality, is that democratic traditions in the subcontinent have been relatively weak and, more specifically, that this weakness has undermined the growth of left and progressive parties, acting as an obstacle to redistribution. Such weakness, on the other hand, has not prevented the drastic reduction of domestic political violence, since what mattered in this case was a combination of symbolic or material concessions and political agreements among powerful élites and counter-élites.

Violence et non-violence, modèle et contre-modèle dans le contexte de l'Inde moderne.

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) La violence dans nos sociétés ne semble pas diminuer; bien au contraire, elle resurgit toujours avec des moyens et des stratagèmes de plus en plus perfectionnés, provoquant la destruction de la vie humaine et mettant en danger son épanouissement. Avec la rationalisation des activités dans de nombreux secteurs de la vie, la violence et ses moyens se sont rationalisés aussi, pour mieux servir le pouvoir et la force. Les armes sous toutes leurs formes deviennent ainsi une marchandise pour soutenir les économies des pays. Les religions provoquent-elles vraiment la violence? Si elles n'affichent pas ouvertement une telle intention, peuvent-elles induire des actes violents? Dans l'éventualité où les religions ne sont pas vraiment à l'origine de violences, on peut cependant se demander si, par elles-mêmes, elles peuvent contribuer à une diminution de la violence dans les sociétés et créer la paix. Quelques spécialistes universitaires, enseignant et chercheurs, se posent ces questions et tentent d'y apporter une réponse.

Subjective Memory Deficits in People with and without Dementia: Findings from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group Pilot Studies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

OBJECTIVES To compare subjective memory deficit (SMD) in older adults with and without dementia or depression across multiple centers in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from 23 case control studies. SETTING Twenty-three centers in India, Southeast Asia (including China), Latin America and the Caribbean, Nigeria, and Russia. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand six hundred ninety-two community-dwelling people aged 60 and older in one of three groups: people with dementia, people with depression, and controls free of dementia and depression. MEASUREMENTS SMD was derived from the Geriatric Mental State examination. RESULTS Median SMD frequency was lowest in participants without dementia (26.2%) and higher in those with depression (50.0%) and dementia (66.7%). Frequency of SMD varied between centers. Depression and dementia were consistently associated with SMD. Older age and hypochondriasis were associated with SMD only in subjects without dementia. In those with dementia, SMD was associated with better cognitive function, whereas the reverse was the case in controls. CONCLUSION Associations with SMD may differ between subjects with and without dementia living in LAMICs.

Prevalence of victims of violence admitted to an emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To collect data on the consultation frequency and demographic profile of victims of violence attending an emergency department (ED) in Switzerland. METHODS: We undertook screening of all admitted adult patients (>16 years) in the ED of the CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland, over a 1 month period, using a modified version of the Partner Violence Screen questionnaire. Exclusionary criteria were: life threatening injury (National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics score > or =4), or inability to understand or speak French, to give oral informed consent, or to be questioned without a family member or accompanying person being present. Data were collected on history of physical and/or psychological violence during the previous 12 months, the type of violence experienced by the patient, and if violence was the reason for the current consultation. Sociodemographic data were obtained from the registration documents. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 1602 patients (participation rate of 77.2%), with a refusal rate of 1.1%. Violence during the past 12 months was reported by 11.4% of patients. Of the total sample, 25% stated that violence was the reason for the current consultation; of these, 95% of patients were confirmed as victims of violence by the ED physicians. Patients reporting violence were more likely to be young and separated from their partner. Men were more likely to be victims of public violence and women more commonly victims of domestic violence. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this monthly prevalence rate, we estimate that over 3000 adults affected by violence consult our ED per annum. This underlines the importance of the problem and the need to address it. Health services organisations should establish measures to improve quality of care for victims. Guidelines and educational programmes for nurses and physicians should be developed in order to enhance providers' skills and basic knowledge of all types of violence, how to recognise and interact appropriately with victims, and where to refer these patients for follow up care in their local networks.