924 resultados para Steam power-plants.
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Issued June 1978.
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"NUREG-0592."
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Reprinted in part from various sources.
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The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Illinois EPA) was asked by the Illinois General Assembly to examine whether the State should address further potential restrictions on power plant pollution. This request was made under Section 9-10 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act). This is a report of the Illinois EPA's findings. The Illinois EPA has prepared this report of its findings to date based on consideration of a broad spectrum of issues including health benefits, the impact of the reliability of the power grid, the impact on consumer utility rates and the impact on jobs and Illinois' economy. It provides an overview of the principal issues, presents a review of the information we have gathered that addresses those issues, lists information gaps, and uncertainties and finally, lists the work that remains to develop a solution that does not create unintended adverse economic consequences for the people of Illinois.
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Summary: On June 22, 2001, the groundwork was laid for the construction of new electric generation in the state of Illinois when the Illinois Resource Development and Energy Act was signed. Overwhelmingly approved by the Illinois General Assembly, this broad-based $3.5 billion package is designed to reinvigorate the Illinois coal industry and to strengthen the state's ability to provide electricity to its citizens. The legislation (Public Act 92-0012) provides tax incentives and financial assistance to builders of new electric plants generating in excess of 400 megawatts that create Illinois coal-mining jobs, new and expanding coal mines, and natural gas-fired baseload electric plants with a capacity of 1,000 megawatts. The legislation also directs the the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency to explore the need for a state-level, multi-pollutant strategy to reduce emissions from coal-fired electric generating plants.
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"July 2002"
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"B-217754"--P. [1].
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"21 January 1980."
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"22 April 1983."
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15th and 16th supplements issued together.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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We assess the feasibility of hybrid solar-biomass power plants for use in India in various applications including tri-generation, electricity generation and process heat. To cover this breadth of scenarios we analyse, with the help of simulation models, case studies with peak thermal capacities ranging from 2 to 10 MW. Evaluations are made against technical, financial and environmental criteria. Suitable solar multiples, based on the trade-offs among the various criteria, range from 1 to 2.5. Compared to conventional energy sources, levelised energy costs are high - but competitive in comparison to other renewables such as photovoltaic and wind. Long payback periods for hybrid plants mean that they cannot compete directly with biomass-only systems. However, a 1.2-3.2 times increase in feedstock price will result in hybrid systems becoming cost competitive. Furthermore, in comparison to biomass-only, hybrid operation saves up to 29% biomass and land with an 8.3-24.8 $/GJ/a and 1.8-5.2 ¢/kWh increase in cost per exergy loss and levelised energy cost. Hybrid plants will become an increasingly attractive option as the cost of solar thermal falls and feedstock, fossil fuel and land prices continue to rise. In the foreseeable future, solar will continue to rely on subsidies and it is recommended to subsidise preferentially tri-generation plants. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
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This thesis examined solar thermal collectors for use in alternative hybrid solar-biomass power plant applications in Gujarat, India. Following a preliminary review, the cost-effective selection and design of the solar thermal field were identified as critical factors underlying the success of hybrid plants. Consequently, the existing solar thermal technologies were reviewed and ranked for use in India by means of a multi-criteria decision-making method, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Informed by the outcome of the AHP, the thesis went on to pursue the Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR), the design of which was optimised with the help of ray-tracing. To further enhance collector performance, LFR concepts incorporating novel mirror spacing and drive mechanisms were evaluated. Subsequently, a new variant, termed the Elevation Linear Fresnel Reflector (ELFR) was designed, constructed and tested at Aston University, UK, therefore allowing theoretical models for the performance of a solar thermal field to be verified. Based on the resulting characteristics of the LFR, and data gathered for the other hybrid system components, models of hybrid LFR- and ELFR-biomass power plants were developed and analysed in TRNSYS®. The techno-economic and environmental consequences of varying the size of the solar field in relation to the total plant capacity were modelled for a series of case studies to evaluate different applications: tri-generation (electricity, ice and heat), electricity-only generation, and process heat. The case studies also encompassed varying site locations, capacities, operational conditions and financial situations. In the case of a hybrid tri-generation plant in Gujarat, it was recommended to use an LFR solar thermal field of 14,000 m2 aperture with a 3 tonne biomass boiler, generating 815 MWh per annum of electricity for nearby villages and 12,450 tonnes of ice per annum for local fisheries and food industries. However, at the expense of a 0.3 ¢/kWh increase in levelised energy costs, the ELFR increased saving of biomass (100 t/a) and land (9 ha/a). For solar thermal applications in areas with high land cost, the ELFR reduced levelised energy costs. It was determined that off-grid hybrid plants for tri-generation were the most feasible application in India. Whereas biomass-only plants were found to be more economically viable, it was concluded that hybrid systems will soon become cost competitive and can considerably improve current energy security and biomass supply chain issues in India.