Increased frequency of the autism broader phenotype in mothers transmitting etiological CNVs to sons affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a frequent and complex neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social communication and repetitive behaviors and with a high male to female ratio: ~4:1. Genetic factors, including rare Copy Number Variants (CNVs), have a substantial impact in ASD risk 1, and are associated with specific phenotypic manifestations 2. Recent studies reported that rare inherited CNVs are enriched in mothers of ASD children compared with mothers of controls and are preferentially transmitted from mothers to ASD children suggesting a sex bias in CNV transmission; further, the imbalanced transmission of small pathogenic CNVs from unaffected mothers to their sons with ASD has been described 3, 4. An increased prevalence of autism - like personality traits is found in unaffected relatives of ASD children, suggesting a genetic liability of a broader autism phenotype (BAP) 5. The BAP in parents of autistic children can be assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) 6 and Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) 7 reports . The SRS is 65 - item questionnaire to identify sub - clinical social impairments and interpersonal behaviour in individuals . The BAPQ is a 36 - item questionnaire measures social aloofness, rigid personality, and pragmatic language deficits in both parents and children.

The annual exhibition on behalf of the Artists' General Benevolent Institution : at the galleries of Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd., November-December, 1907.

Mode of access: Internet.

The annual exhibition on behalf of the Artists' General Benevolent Institution : at the galleries of Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd., November-December, 1906.

Mode of access: Internet.

The annual exhibition on behalf of the Artists' General Benevolent Institution : at the galleries of Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd., November-December, 1913.

Mode of access: Internet.

Recollections and correspondence, with a short account of his two sons, Lieutenants A.H.H. Parr and G.R. Parr.

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Correspondence of Charlotte Grenville, Lady Williams Wynn, and her three sons, Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, bart., Rt. Hon. Charles Williams Wynn, and Sir Henry Williams Wynn...1795-1832.

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Reed-Read lineage; Captain John Reed of Providence R.I. and Norwalk, Conn. and his descendants through his sons, John and Thomas, 1660-1909,

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Universities and their sons; history, influence and characteristics of American universities, with biographical sketches and portraits of alumni and recipients of honorary degrees.

Special editors approved by authorities of the respective universities: Harvard, William Roscoe Thayer, Yale, Charles Henry Smith: Princeton, John De Witt, Jesse Lynch Williams: Columbia, J. Howard Van Amringe. Biographical editors, Charles E. L. Wingate, Albert Lee, Jesse Lynch Williams and Henry G. Paine.

Britain's bulwarks; or, Her tight little island: an invaluable collection of all the newest and most popular songs, that celebrate the heroic actions of her intrepid sons, for the year 1804 ...

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A builder and his family, 1898-1948; being the historical account of the contracting, engineering & construction career of W. A. Bechtel, and of how his sons and their associates have carried forward his principles in their many activities;

Reprint of the 1949 edition, with a new preface 1961.

Catalogue of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London.

Pritzel (2nd ed.)

A woman of the world : her counsel to other people's sons and daughters /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annals of a publishing house. William Blackwood and his sons, their magazine and friends,

Vol. 3 has title: Annals of a publishing house. John Blackwood, by his daughter Mrs. Gerald Porter ... Edinburgh and London, W. Blackwood and sons, 1898.

Canada's sons and Great Britain in the world war; a complete and authentic history of the commanding part played by Canada and the British empire in the world's greatest war,

Plates printed on both sides.