Ecologia parasitária de isópodos e biologia reprodutiva em tibiro, Oligoplites spp (OSTEICHTHYES: CARANGIDAE) das águas costeiras de Natal, Rio Grande do norte

Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier) and Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider) (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) are coastal pelagic fish species. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of parasitism by isopods and the reproductive biology of the leather jack, Oligoplites spp. A total of 113 individuals of Oligoplites spp (35 of O. saurus and 78 of O. palometa) were captured during the period between January, 2005 and July, 2007 from the coastal waters of Natal, RN. The morphometric and meristic characters were registered; macroscopic analyses were done to collect the isopod parasites and the gonads were observed to verify the reproductive aspects. The crustacean isopod parasite, Cymothoa spinipalpa (Isopoda: Cymothidae) was encountered on the tongue in the oral cavity in both fish hosts. The parasitic indices of C. spinipalpa showed high values of prevalance of 51,4% for O. saurus and 64,1% for O. palometa. The host presented significant correlations between body mass and body length of O. palometa and the number of parasites. Body lengths of female C. spinipalpa were small due to the limited space available in the oral cavity of the host. There was a significant difference in the sex ratio of O. palometa, males outnumbered the females. The isopod parasites showed specificity to the oral cavity of hosts. Macroscopic analyses of gonads showed four stages of gonadal development for both sex of O. palometa: immature, maturing, mature and spent

Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Eretmochelys imbricata (testudines, cheloniidae) no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Female hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the southeastcoastline of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (6º13'40"S, 35º03'05"W) were captured and weighed during the four months from January to April 2007, in the course of the annual egglaying season, which extended from 06 rd November 2006 to 30 rd May 2007. In all, 99 weight measurements were performed. On first contact the females exhibited an average post-oviposition weight of 79.1 kg (range 56.2-98.9 kg, SD = 10.9 kg, n = 44 females). Those individuals which were subsequently recaptured showed a mean weight loss of 1.7 kg (range 0.7-4.5 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 39 sets of measurements on 20 females) in the interval between two consecutive post-ovipositions, separated by a maximum time interval of 17 days. In the cases where the female aborted the nesting process, the pre-oviposition weight was measured. The clutch weight, that is to say, the weight loss between consecutive pre-oviposition and post-oviposition measurements (separated by a maximum time interval of 3 days), was found to be 5.2 kg (range 4.3-6.0 kg, SD = 0.9 kg, n = 6 sets of measurements). This value is significantly higher (t-test, p<0.001) than the loss between two consecutive post-oviposition measurements with the same female. The mean recovery in body weight, that is to say, the average gain in weight between successive post-oviposition and pre-oviposition captures of the same individual (separated by a time interval of 12 to 17 days), was found to be 3.0 kg (range 1.9-4.3 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 4 sets of measurements) Although the small sample size makes it unwise to generalise, the recovery in body weight was found to be always significantly lower (t-test, p<0.005) than the clutch weight. This fact is in agreement with the observed weight loss tendency throughout the breeding season for this species. Considering the clutch weight and the internidal recovery in body weight we found that the total weight loss of the adult hawksbill females after three to five nesting events varied from 10.4% (range 8.7-11.9%, SD = 1.6%, n = 3) to 14.1% (range 11.8-15.4%, SD = 1.3%, n = 6) in relation to their initial pre-oviposition weight. If there were no body weight recovery during the internesting interval we estimate that a female that nests three to five times in the course of the season would lose from 19% to 31% of its initial weight. We emphasise that our clutch weight estimate was performed by weighing the females and not by multiplying the number of eggs in the nest by their average unit weight. In this way, our measurements take into account the loss of liquid during the oviposition. Despite the unequivocal evidence of body weight recovery during the internidal interval, it is not clear if the cause of this process is rehydration or feeding

Biologia reprodutiva da |Tainha, Mugil curema valencientes, 1836 (osteichthyes: mugilidade) nas águas costeiras do Rio Grande do Norte

The marine fish white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) exhibits a wide geographical distribution, being common in the Brazilian coast and is an important component of the artisanal fisheries. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of M. curema in the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis during August, 2008 to July, 2009. The fish specimens were numbered, weighed, measured, dissected and their gonads were removed, weighed, their sex and gonadal development were identified. The length-weight relationship was determined for males and females. The sex ratio, the size at first gonadal maturation and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were calculated and ovarian development was investigated using macroscopic and histological techniques. The fecundity, spawning type and the reproductive period of the species were determined. A total of 366 specimens (186 males and 180 females) were captured. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the females were heavier than males. The estimated values of the angular coefficient for both sexes suggest that the species has isometric growth. The size at which 50% of the population began the process of maturation was 25.9 cm of total length for grouped sex. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed four stages of development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. However, the microscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed five stages of development: immature, early maturing, late maturing, mature and spent. The development of oocytes indicated five phases: Chromatin-nucleolus (phase I), initial perinucleolar (phase II), final perinuclear (phase II), formation of vitelline vesicle or yolk (phase III), vitellogenic (phase IV) and complete vitellogenesis (phase V). The species has a prolonged spawning period, with two peaks coinciding with the rainy season.

Biologia alimentar e morfohistologia do tubo digestório do mussum, synbranchus marmoratus, bloch (osteichthyes: synbranchidae) no açude Marechal Dutra Gargalheiras , localizado no semi-árido brasileiro

Food habits and morpho-histology of the digestive tract of marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus (Block, 1917) were investigated. The fish samples were captured during August, 2007 to July, 2008 in the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. The rain fall data was obtained from EMPARN. The fish captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, eviscerated and individual stomach weights were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion during the rainy and dry seasons. The rainfall varied from 0 mm a 335 mm with a mean value of 71.62 mm. Highest rainfall of 335.5 mm was registered in March, 2008 and August to December was the dry period. During the dry period the study species presented high degrees of repletion of the stomachs, with a peak value in the month of September (mean = 4.54; ± SD = 0.56). The minimum mean value of = 3.99 ± SD = 0.25 was registered in the month of May during the rainy period. The stomach contents of S. marmoratus registered show that this fish prefers animals, 78.22% of crustaceans 2.85% of mollusks, 3.25% of fish, 1.4% of insects and 13.5% of semi-digested organic matter, thus characterizing the study species as a carnivore with a preference for crustaceans. The morpho-histological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate that the mouth is terminal adapted to open widely, thin lips with taste buds, small villiform teeth forming a single series on maxillas, four pairs of branchial arches with short and widely spaced branchial rays. The oesophagus is short and cylindrical with a small diameter. The oesophagus wall is thick with mucas surface and internal parallel folds. The stomach is retilinical in form, presenting cardiac, caecal and pyloric portions. The caecal portion is long and is intermediary in position between the cardiac and pyloric portions. The cardiac portion of the stomach is short and cylindrical formed of simple epithelial cylindrical mucus cells. The caecal portion is long with narrow walls, a big cavity and smaller folds which give rise to gastric glands. The phyloric portion has no glands and primary or secondary mucas folds. The morphohistological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate its adaptation to a carnivorous feeding habit

Tartarugas marinhas da Bacia Potiguar/RN: diagnóstico, biologia alimentar e ameaças

This work aimed to study the diversity and distribution of marine sea turtles stranded in Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, as well as aspects related to feeding behavior associated with human impacts. The study was conducted through the analysis of data from stranded animals, recorded in a daily monitoring in an area bounded on the north by the municipality of Aquiraz, in the state of Ceará, and the east by the municipality of Caicara do Norte, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Stranded dead animals were necropsied and for the analysis of the diet of animals, esophagus, stomach and intestines were fixed in 10% formalin and after that, the stomach contents were sorted and stored in 70% alcohol. Representative fragments of these organs were removed for making histological slides, with a view to histological characterization of the digestive tract. 2.046 occurrences of turtles were recorded during the period from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012. The Chelonia mydas species showed the highest number of records and it was observed in 66.81 % (N = 1,367) of cases; followed by Eretmochelys imbricata with 4.45 % (N = 91) and by Lepidochelys olivacea with 1.22% (N = 25). The Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea species were, respectively, 0.93 % (N = 19) and 0.05 % (N = 1) records of strandings. In 26.54 % of cases, it was not possible to identify the species. Regarding the spatial distribution, the stretch A was the one that had the highest number of strandings and a larger number of records were registered in the warm months of the year. The dietary analysis showed that C. mydas fed preferentially on algae; C. caretta had a diet with a predominance of the item "coral´s fragments" and E. imbricata species showed preference for an animal origin material. Related to this anthropic interaction, 57.14 % (n = 76) of animals that died at the rehabilitation s base, showed cause of death due to complications from ingesting debris. According to the data presented, the Potiguar Basin presents itself as an area with important diversity and distribution of marine sea turtle as well is characterized as a feeding and nidification area for these species

Biologia do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), na Baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar pela primeira vez alguns aspectos da reprodução do caranguejo-uçá em manguezais da Baía da Babitonga (Santa Catarina). Além disso, a densidade e o tamanho do estoque deste recurso pesqueiro foram também estimados. Os exemplares foram coletados mensalmente, de maio de 2002 a abril de 2003, em duas áreas distintas: Iperoba e Palmital; um total de 2265 espécimes (1623 machos e 642 fêmeas) foi analisado. Os machos com gônadas maturas foram registrados durante todo o ano, enquanto as fêmeas com gônadas maturas ocorreram em apenas cinco meses. As fêmeas ovígeras foram registradas apenas em dezembro e janeiro. O etograma do fenômeno de migração reprodutiva (andada) esteve em concordância com a maior atividade de caranguejos associada às luas cheias e novas, com maior intensidade em dezembro e janeiro, relacionados ao verão austral. A densidade total no Manguezal de Iperoba foi de 2,05 ± 0,97 ind./m², não diferindo significativamente daquela registrada para o Manguezal do Palmital (2,06 ± 1,08 ind./m²) (p < 0,05). A média global para a estimativa de densidade na Baia da Babitonga foi de 2,05 ± 1,00 ind./m², correspondendo a 1,42 ± 0,89 ind./m² com base nas galerias abertas e 0,64 ± 0,63 ind./m² para as galerias fechadas.

Biologia populacional de Emerita brasiliensis Schmitt (Crustacea, Hippidae) na Praia Vermelha do Norte, Ubatuba (São Paulo, Brasil)

Emerita brasiliensis Schmitt, 1935 is a common mole crab called tatuíra in Brazil, with distribution from Espírito-Santo State (Brazil) to Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Specimens were collected bimonthly from May/1992 through March/1993 with 4mm siffers mesh, in the intertidal region at Vermelha do Norte Beach, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. The animals were sexed and measured with a precision caliper of 0.1 mm (Cl = carapace length). Males presented cl amplitude from 3.4-17.3mm (13.2±2.1mm), and females from 13.8-26.3mm (20.5±1.8mm), showing a well-defined sexual dimorfism for this variable. The population presented a smaller incidence of males in relation to females (0.54:1.00), however in May/1992 an inverse pattern occurred (1.84:1.00). Ovigerous females were present in all samples with exception of May and September/1992 with greater frequencies in July/1992 and January/1993. It is probable that female maturity occurs is reached with 17mm CL, the smallest size in wich ovigerous females were found.

Morfologia floral e biologia reprodutiva de genótipos de aceroleira

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A casa própria: sonho ou realidade? : um olhar sobre os conjuntos habitacionais em Natal

This dissertation is about housing provision under a capitalist system. It aims at analyzing the economic relevance of the Brazilian housing policy, in particular, looking at the housing estates built in Natal city. It also draws on a data-base about living and housing conditions in Natal, produced in the wake of a more comprehensive research of the 50 largest housing estates in the city. Theoretically, the dissertation discusses: the symbolic dimension of housing; housing as a commodity; the alleged social and economic stability of homeownership; and the urban dynamic of housing estates. It also discusses the historic and conceptual references of the Brazilian housing policy and its consequences to Natal city. From the 1960s, polilcy under the BNH privileged the production of large housing estates. Although this was more closely related to economic rather than social objectives, this policy helped expand the urban limits. This was the case for Natal. At the end, this policy was not targeted towards the poorest in society but towards those low income house buyers who could afford to pay for the mortgages on offer

Biologia populacional comparada de duas espécies de heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em um ambiente sazonal de floresta atlântica do nordeste brasileiro

Tropical environments often face strong seasonal variations in climate, such as alternate periods of dry and rain, that may often be important influence in the annual X the organisms lives. Here we assess how population dynamics of two butterfly species (Heliconius erato and Heliconius mepomene) respond to environmental and seasonal variations. A mark-release-recapture study carried out in an Atlantic forest reserve, 15 Km from Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for 3 years, during the dry and rainy season, with three visits weekly done. Information such as species, wing lenght, site of capture, pollen load and phenotype (number of spots) (in H. erato only) were noted for each capture. Seasonal variation exists in capture rates of the two species, with great capture rates during the rainy season. Despite finding differences in the mean density of individuals of the two species among the different collection areas, this difference was only significant between floodplain and central areas, and no influence of seasonality was observed in the mean density between the areas. Seasonality in wing size was only observed for H. erato, with larger wings during the rainy season. Females carried larger pollen loads than males both species, but species were similar. Only males differed seasonally, with larger pollen loads during the rainy season. The distribution of the number of wing spots did not vary between the dry and rainy seasons, and the number of spots in males and females was similar. Therefore, we conclude that there was a strong influence of seasonal variation in the population dynamic of the two Heliconius species, as well as in several aspects of their biology

Influência de genótipos de couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) na biologia de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência de alguns genótipos de couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) no desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Os genótipos avaliados foram: Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2620, Roxa I-919, Manteiga de São José, Manteiga de Monte Alegre, Pires 2 de Campinas, Couve Comum, Couve de Arthur Nogueira 2, Couve de Arthur Nogueira 1. Lagartas recém-eclodidas foram mantida em discos foliares de 8 cm de diâmetro para cada genótipo. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: duração e viabilidade das fases larval e pupal, longevidade e fecundidade de adultos, utilizando análises paramétricas e de agrupamentos para interpretação dos dados. Observou-se um prolongamento em dias no ciclo de P. xylostella, aumento no peso de pupa e maiores valores de viabilidade e fecundidade, durante a segunda geração. O genótipo Couve de Arthur Nogueira 2 foi menos favorável ao desenvolvimento de P. xylostella nas duas gerações, e Couve Comum demonstrou maior influência negativa ao inseto na segunda geração. Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2620 foi o mais suscetível nas duas gerações, agrupando com este na segunda geração Pires 2 de Campinas e Manteiga de São José.

Efeito de genótipos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) e da densidade larval na biologia de Dione juno juno (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Objetivou-se estudar em laboratório a biologia de Dione juno juno (Cramer), determinando-se os efeitos da densidade larval e da alimentação das larvas com folhas de nove genótipos de maracujazeiro. Foram analisados a duração, o peso e a viabilidade das fases larval e pupal e a longevidade dos adultos sem alimento. Verificou-se que a densidade de cinco lagartas por recipiente proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento do inseto do que uma e dez lagartas. Passiflora alata e P. setacea apresentaram resistência do tipo não-preferência para alimentação e/ou antibiose, enquanto o híbrido P. alata2 x P. macrocarpa apresentou não-preferência para alimentação, possivelmente associada à presença de compostos químicos com alto grau de repelência a D. juno juno ou a supressores de alimentação.

Biologia de Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Heteroptera: Tingidae) e a relação de suas exigências térmicas com a flutuação populacional em seringueira

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dificuldades na aprendizagem dos conteúdos de Biologia: evidências a partir das Provas de Múltipla Escolha do Vestibular da UFRN (2001-2008)

Los estudios cerca de las dificultades en el aprendizaje del contenido de la biología han sido foco de la investigación diversa que si ten corido a partir de la década de setenta del siglo pasado, en consecuencia al movimiento de las concepciones alternativas (MCA). El estudio que se presenta, se atan con el Departamento de Educação da UFRN - Base de Pesquisa Formação e Profissionalização Docente, como parte do projeto de pesquisa - A passagem do Ensino Médio a UFRN: estudos sobre o acesso, a permanência e a qualidade do Ensino Médio. Los objetivos de esto investigación, habían consistido en el identificar del contenido explorado en las cuestiones de las Pruebas de la opción múltiple del Vestibular de UFRN para el cual los candidatos habían demostrado dificultad en el aprendizaje; para analizar si el contextualização de la pregunta y la presencia de elementos no-literales que habían influenciado en el aumento de la dificultad de la pregunta e identificar los errores más frecuentemente por los candidatos en estas pruebas. La tesis si configura en dos dimensiones: 1 - El contenido explorado en las Pruebas del Vestibular de la UFRN si distribuya uniformemente a través de los años; sendo priorizados procedimentos que exigem demanda cognitiva diversificadas na solução de problemas; 2- Nessas provas, os resultados dos candidatos, en relación con el Índice de Aproveitamento, indican la existencia de áreas en las quales hay déficit del aprendizaje; qué envolucran las dificultades en aprender el contenido. Los datos de la investigación habían sido recogidos al partir de las pruebas de la biología y de la inicial abstracta selectiva de los informes proveído para el COMPERVE/UFRN, del último los ocho años (2001-2008). En la dirección alcanzar a los objetivos considerados para este estudio, contenta había sido construido a las categorías del análisis - (temas, subtemas y procedimientos); índice de aproveitamento; contextualização de la pregunta; estructura de la pregunta y el error. Los resultados, qué si configurán de los análisis de las ocho pruebas del vestibular de la UFRN y los sesenta y cientos envolvement mil, seiscientos y sesenta y cinco candidatos que le habían contestado; demuestran eso: los temas y los subtemas de la biología para los cuales las dificultades en aprender si está tenido divulgado sea - genética (hibridismo; fenótipo y genotipo; Leyes de Mendel), biotecnología (transgênicos; célula-tronco) y citología (química de la vida; división celular; membranas) y los procedimientos - identificar, analizar la situación y aplicar concepto, para correlacionar y para interpretar el gráfico; los quais não exigem uma alta demanda cognitiva na solução dos problemas. La presencía de situações contextualizadas e de gráficos en las questiones de las pruebas influenciou en el aumento dos niveles dificuldade da of questão para a maioria dos candidatos, reiterando as of dificuldades of observadas na of aprendizagem dos procedimentos. Los errores principales cometidos para los candidatos habían consistido en no reconocimiento del estándar de la herencia del gênica - mendelian y después de-Mendel; no del reconocimiento de los acontecimientos de la división celular y de las técnicas en biotecnología. Éstos habían reflejado las dificultades en aprender del contenido para algún contenido y en otros sugieren que tuviera la expresión de los conceptos alternativos que los estudiantes construyen en los conceptos. Los resultados señalan la necesidad de una revisión de las preguntas inherentes didácticas-metodológicas a la educación del contenido para las cuales las dificultades en aprender si hay tenido presentado

Era um sonho desde criança : a representação social da docência para os professores do município de Queimadas-PB

The objective of this work was to access and understand the teaching social representation (MOSCOVICI, 2005) for the teachers of the children education and fundamental education at Queimadas city, Paraíba. We assume that one representation that allows the teacher to name its profession and to act on it, is a derivative of regularities that are expressed by means of a habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983a), generative matrix of perception and action. This teaching habitus is originated from the experiences and the trajectories of social and professional life of the group. Therefore, from some variables, we tried to access the profile of the group of teachers studied and to get closer of their life style to understand their profession choice and the teaching social representation for this group. In this research, it was used four data sources: a) the questionnaires of characterization; b) the questionnaires of practices and meanings; c) the experience reports and; d) the interviews in depth. The analysis of the data collected was done by means of the simple statistics (frequency), the intersection of variables through cross tables and, the thematic analysis of the contents. The results show that there is a lightly homogeneous group in terms of its social origin and its life style, moreover, they conduct to an overlap between this origin/style and the professional choice. On the other hand, the teacher representation is multi-dimensional such that, all dimensions intercept and articulate with each other to provide a concise teacher representation. They are four dimensions: love and care, help and donation, teaching and learning and, sacrifice and hope. The elements of the teacher representation are substantiated in the schemes of perception and appreciation of the group, in the regularities and life experiences in the context of religion, family, gender and profession. In these regularities we find the elements that comprise the teaching habitus which drives perception and action, representation and daily practice of these teachers. The teaching social representation is still perceived as a threshold for the professional identity of the group of teachers considered. We also observed that there are signs of changes in the practices used by these professionals since they graduate from the course of pedagogy. However, it is not possible to say that these changes are isolated or they lead to a transformation in the teaching habitus or the teaching social representation