Sistemas locais de inovação : estudo de estratégias de planejamento regional (parques e pólos tecnológicos intra-urbanos)

Com o objetivo de melhor se adaptar ao ambiente de competição (informacional) global, que se estrutura e se impõe a partir de uma ´divisão inter-regional do trabalho´, as regiões tendem a desenvolver estratégias de planejamento regional e urbano com o objetivo de impulsionar o parque produtivo informacional local. Intentam desta maneira compôr mecanismos locais que permitam a formação de um Sistema Local de Inovação, baseado na interação sinergética entre os atores sociais. Esta articulação regional trabalha em diversas esferas espaciais (e consequentemente temporais), uma vez que a fluida lógica estrutural do sistema informacional global (´espaço de fluxos´) difere dos mecanismos locais de articulação, pois estes estão ligados teluricamente às tradições culturais (´espaço de lugares´). Segundo Castells, o ´espaço de fluxos´ é definido como sendo um sistema de alcance global estruturado em redes (nós e eixos) permeadas por informações que circulam (eletronicamente) instantaneamente. Porém a dinâmica do sistema é gerada a partir do historicamente construído ´espaço de lugares´(local), articulado reflexivamente a partir da ação de três instituições internas (reconhecidas pelo modelo da Hélice Tripla como: universidades, empresas e governo). De maneira geral, podemos observar que a universidade, enquanto instituição empreendedora e voltada para a produção de inovações informacionais, passa a exercer importante função catalisadora deste processo de organização das forças produtivas regionais (a nível de ´espaço de lugares´) Reconhecendo que há uma tendência à incompatibilidade entre as esferas espaciais de articulação citadas (embora elas tenham uma existência ativa), esta dissertação irá sugerir a pertinência da observação de uma articulação espacial híbrida, tanto global-informacional quanto local-cultural (denominada ´espaço híbrido´), atuando estrategicamente na construção dos Sistemas Locais de Inovação. Desta maneira, com a finalidade de estruturar espacialmente os Sistemas Locais de Inovação, uma das principais estratégias que o planejador regional dispõe é a da formação e potencialização de clusters espaciais de inovação, na forma de programas de criação de pólos e/ou parques tecnológicos (e/ou tecnópoles). Tendo como objetivo a criação de um processo produtivo local sinergético e informacional, são projetadas e aplicadas políticas industriais e urbanas de longo prazo que buscam retirar o máximo possível da proximidade espacial existente e/ou induzida. Como estudo de caso, serão analisados projetos intra-urbanos atuantes nas áreas das Ciências da Vida. Inicialmente serão apresentados quatro casos internacionais, para por fim serem comparados ao projeto Porto Alegre Tecnópole (e em especial ao projeto Cidade Saúde de Porto Alegre).

Emprego industrial no pólo industrial de Manaus na década de 90: expectativas, resultados e possibilidades

A década de 90 representou significativas mudanças no panorama político econômico brasileiro, especificamente no projeto de desenvolvimento regional denominado Zona Franca de Manaus. Esse projeto foi concebido, primordialmente para integrar essa imensa região Amazônica ao restante do Brasil, em termos de complexa ordem geopolítica dominante nos anos 60. A análise que objetiva essa dissertação trata da evolução do emprego industrial no Pólo Industrial de Manaus na década de 90, com a conotação de expectativas, resultados e possibilidades. A implementação do projeto Zona Franca de Manaus, no que concerne seu Pólo Industrial permitiu que contingentes de mão-de-obra abundante na capital do Estado do Amazonas, tivesse a oportunidade de inserir-se no mercado de trabalho do processo de industrialização moderna. Todavia, essa mão-de-obra abundante não estava preparada para o que as indústrias demandavam, sendo necessários intensivos programas de adequação profissional para que possibilitasse o aproveitamento em processos produtivos de linhas de montagem. o Pólo Industrial de Manaus, apesar de todas as mudanças havidas na economia brasileira no período analisado, obteve significativos alcance de competências na capacitação desse contingente de trabalhadores que foram absorvidos, quando o paradigma da intensividade do fator trabalho imperava no Pólo. Entretanto, o processo de mudança que a globalização econômica e industrial provocou no sistema de produção global, trouxe para o modelo industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus acelerada mudança desse paradigma, resultando variações na demanda por mão-de-obra e acarretando significativo desemprego estrutural. É desse contexto de mudanças que trata o estudo apresentado, analisando a evolução das variáveis que influenciaram no nível de emprego industrial e no mercado de trabalho, as expectativas de novos perfis e as demandas específicas que o novo paradigma de capital intensivo, adotado pelas empresas de classe mundial desse Pólo exigem.

SINAES: as diferentes faces da avaliação na UFRN

This thesis entitled SINAES: the different faces of the evaluation at UFRN, aims to analyze the configuration that the national policy for assessment in higher education has taken on UFRN. We assume that in recent years there are an oscillation between the concepts of evaluation, according with the logic of public administration it has preferred an approach that presents itself as a promoter of quality, sometimes with regulatory aspects, sometimes with educational ones. The text discusses the use of the new assessment tools for higher education placing them under the new demands on state reform context in which this is to promote and measure quality based on the values of excellence and competitiveness. This movement arises from the redefinition of the role of the State that has been taking features of Evaluator State. From a historical review of government initiatives in the field of evaluation, we analyze the characteristics of assessment policies outlined over the past decades. We are based on the theoretical method that aims to examine the multiple determinants that shape a particular reality from the larger movement of totality. To identify, in this case, connections and ruptures that have emerged over the history of assessment policies aimed at higher education by checking their determinants in order to better explain the reality. To investigate the object of this study we used as instruments: the research literature and research documents, the semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The study revealed that there are different practices of evaluation and that before to establishment the SINAES program, the UFRN already had a culture of an institutional assessment, more participatory and democratic, opposing to the rigidity of the self-assessment in SINAES program that it was instituted by the Commission for assessment (CPA). We also noticed that the implementation of the SINAES at URFN has been performed very slowly and the breadth and complexity of the evaluation process has contributed to hinder its implementation in all dimensions provided by MEC. Although it was observed that in its operationalization the SINAES has assumed a more normative assessment and directed to establish rankings between courses and higher education schools than to establish a more qualitative assessment in this system. As regards the evaluation of the undergraduate course studied on this research and subjected to the three dimensions of evaluation proposed by SINAES (self-assessment, Evaluation of Courses and ENADE) it was not possible to verify an effective integration between the methods of assessing conducted. The results are considered separately, in only a partial view of the course evaluated the proposal what pits the SINAES as a system that involves the totality

Construção e validação de um receptor GPS para uso espacial

Global Positioning System, or simply GPS, it is a radionavigation system developed by United States for military applications, but it becames very useful for civilian using. In the last decades Brazil has developed sounding rockets and today many projects to build micro and nanosatellites has appeared. This kind of vehicles named spacecrafts or high dynamic vehicles, can use GPS for its autonome location and trajectories controls. Despite of a huge number of GPS receivers available for civilian applications, they cannot used in high dynamic vehicles due environmental issues (vibrations, temperatures, etc.) or imposed dynamic working limits. Only a few nations have the technology to build GPS receivers for spacecrafts or high dynamic vehicles is available and they imposes rules who difficult the access to this receivers. This project intends to build a GPS receiver, to install them in a payload of a sounding rocket and data collecting to verify its correct operation when at the flight conditions. The inner software to this receiver was available in source code and it was tested in a software development platform named GPS Architect. Many organizations cooperated to support this project: AEB, UFRN, IAE, INPE e CLBI. After many phases: defining working conditions, choice and searching electronic, the making of the printed boards, assembling and assembling tests; the receiver was installed in a VS30 sounding rocket launched at Centro de Lançamento da Barreira do Inferno in Natal/RN. Despite of the fact the locations data from the receiver were collected only the first 70 seconds of flight, this data confirms the correct operation of the receiver by the comparison between its positioning data and the the trajectory data from CLBI s tracking radar named ADOUR

Monitoramento por dgps e análise dos processos erosivos da linha de costa na praia de Pirangi do Norte - Parnamirim / RN

Through out the course of a steady increase in search and recovery of space in the coastal zone, there is also an expanding concern about the erosion processes of this area. The main problem in coastal areas is that urbanization occurs in a disorderly fashion and unsustainable, further aggravating the problems of coastal dynamics. The study area of this work is located on the southern coast of Pirangi do Norte beach to about 20km south of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the Parnamirim City. This area has the length of approximately 1km, divided into three sections (Western, Central and Eastern) with a morphology consisting of a tableland at the top, sea cliffs in the West and Central parts and sand dunes in the Eastern section, both vegetated, and a coastal plain on the inferior part associated with the presence of beach rocks. This study aimed to analyze the erosion processes operating in the excerpt of Pirangi do Norte beach and assess the feasibility of their monitoring making use of DGPS (Global Positioning System Differential mode). During the work it was carried out a physical description of the area through photo-interpretation and site survey after measurement of the shoreline in the period between November 2004 and November 2009 and beach profiles between August 2005 and July 2006. The analysis of the results of the annual surveys showed the occurrence of variations of the shoreline along the stretch traveled. Sites are identified in advancement coast from the sea and it was verified in loco the presence of erosion with deposition of materials on the lower part of the coastal bluff, the former position of the shoreline, showing a false notion of advancing it. This leads to the conclusion that the data collected in a survey of the shoreline should always be accompanied by photographic records of the local area and with the highest rate of erosion, thus avoiding the mistake of treating the deposit materials as evidence of progress coast. At the end of the study, after a review of various works to mitigate the erosion in the coastal zone, it is recommended to the area of study the adoption of an artificial feeding of the beach, aiming the minimization of the erosive effects of the tides. Moreover, it is suggested that even the continuity of monitoring, maintenance of existing vegetation and control of the occupation on the edge of sea cliffs

Assimilação do IWV-GPS no Brasil: otimização das estimativas do atraso zenital troposférico em tempo real

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos de segunda e terceira ordem da ionosfera no posicionamento GNSS no Brasil

O Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) transmite seus sinais em duas freqüências, o que permite eliminar matematicamente os efeitos de primeira ordem da ionosfera através da combinação linear ionosphere free. Porém, restam os efeitos de segunda e terceira ordem, os quais podem provocar erros da ordem de centímetros nas medidas GPS. Esses efeitos, geralmente, são negligenciados no processamento dos dados GPS. Os efeitos ionosféricos de primeira, segunda e terceira ordem são diretamente proporcionais ao TEC presente na ionosfera, porém, no caso dos efeitos de segunda e terceira ordem, comparecem também o campo magnético da Terra e a máxima densidade de elétrons, respectivamente. Nesse artigo, os efeitos de segunda e terceira ordem da ionosfera são investigados, sendo que foram levados em consideração no processamento de dados GPS na região brasileira para fins de posicionamento. Serão apresentados os modelos matemáticos associados a esses efeitos, as transformações envolvendo o campo magnético da Terra e a utilização do TEC advindo dos Mapas Globais da Ionosfera ou calculados a partir das observações GPS de pseudodistância. O processamento dos dados GPS foi realizado considerando o método relativo estático e cinemático e o posicionamento por ponto preciso (PPP). Os efeitos de segunda e terceira ordem foram analisados considerando períodos de alta e baixa atividade ionosférica. Os resultados mostraram que a não consideração desses efeitos no posicionamento por ponto preciso e no posicionamento relativo para linhas de base longas pode introduzir variações da ordem de poucos milímetros nas coordenadas das estações, além de variações diurnas em altitude da ordem de centímetros.

Mapeamento da zona costeria protegida por arenitos de praia (Beachrocks) em Nísia Floresta - RN

The goal of this work comprises the detailed mapping of the coastal zone of the south coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The emphasis of the study is the units of beachrocks and the features of the physical environment associated. The mapping of the beachrocks and of the adjacent coastal features is justified, among other aspects, by the fact that the beachrocks constitute an important protection agent against the sea erosion. By one side, they dissipate the energy of the sea waves and make possible the imprisonment of sediments in the foreshore. The beachrocks in the studied area are constituted of discontinuous strips, parallel to the coast line presenting emerged in some places, even in the highest tides, entirely submerged or partially buried by coastal sediments. These sandstones compose the landscape of big part of the coast and they are responsible for the partial dissipation of the energy of the waves on the studied coast. The methodology used in this work consisted of different techniques were used, as the use of aerial pictures of small format (FAPEFs), acquisition of data of system of global positioning (GPS) and later elaboration of thematic maps and of digital models of soil (MDTs). The results obtained in the mapping of the use and occupation of the soil, demonstrate the existence of strong human pressure in the coastal area (built lots and no built), occupying about 54,74% of built areas. This problem has been taking to degradation risks due to the inconsequent expansion of divisions into lots and tourist enterprises. The MDT came as an excellent resource, as visual as functional, being possible to visualize several angles and to act in three dimensions the relief of the area in study, as well as to identify the present features in the coastal area. By the importance of the bodies of beachrocks as a protection agent against the coastal erosion, faces were delimited in the sandstones based in geometric criteria, classifying them in, central face, outside face, inside face, break and undermiming. These last two associates to the erosion and washout in the base of these bodies. Field data indicate clearly that the most important process in the fracturing of the bodies is associated with mechanisms related to the gravity, being the joints formed by processes of gravitational sliding. Finally, the mapping of the coastal zone starting from aerial pictures of small format it made possible the identification of the elements that compose the beach strip, for accomplishing with larger detailed level and by presenting a better monitoring of the dynamics of the coastal zone

Caracterização geomorfológica e modelagem de dados espaciais na plataforma continental rasa do RN nos limites da folha Touros

This work focuses the geomorphological characterization and spatial data modeling in the shallow continental shelf within the Folha Touros limits (SB-25-CV-II), based on bathymetric data analysis and remote sensing products interpretation. The Rio Grande do Norte state is located in northeastern Brazil and the work area is located at the transition region between the eastern and northern portions of their coast. The bathymetric surveys were conduced between march and may 2009, using a 10 meters long vessel and 0.70 meters draught, equipped with global positioning system and echo sounder (dual beam, 200KHz , 14°). The fieldwork resulted in 44 bathymetric profiles espaced 1.5 km and 30 km average length. The bathymetric data amount were 111,200 points and were navigated 1395.7 km within na area about 1,850 km2. The bathymetric data were corrected for the tide level, vessel draught and were subsequently entered into a geographic information system for further processing. Analysis of remote sensing products was carried out using Landsat 7/ETM + band 1, from november 1999. The image was used for visualization and mapping submerged features. The results showed the presence of geomorphological features within the study area. Were observed, from the analysis of local bathymetry and satellite image, seven types of geomorphological features. The channels, with two longitudinals channels (e. g. San Roque and Cioba channels) and other perpendicular to the coast (e. g. Touros, Pititinga and Barretas). Coastal reef formations (Maracajaú, Rio do Fogo and Cioba). Longitudinal waves, described in the literature as longitudinal dunes. The occurrence of a transverse dune field. Another feature observed was the oceanic reefs, an rock alignment parallel to the coast. Were identified four riscas , from north to south: risca do Liso, Gameleira, Zumbi, Pititinga (the latter being described for the first time). Finally, an oceanic terrace was observed in the deepest area of study. Image interpretation corroborated with the in situ results, enabling visualization and description for all features in the region. The results were analysed in an integrating method (using the diferent methodologies applied in this work) and it was essential to describe all features in the area. This method allowed us to evaluate which methods generated better results to describe certain features. From these results was possible to prove the existence of submerged features in the eastern shallow continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte. In this way, the conclusions was (1) this study contributed to the provision of new information about the area in question, particularly with regard to data collection in situ depths, (2) the method of data collection and interpretation proves to be effective because, through this, it was possible to visualize and interpret the features present in the study area and (3) the interpretation and discussion of results in an integrated method, using different methodologies, can provide better results

Análise de séries temporais de coordenadas estimadas com GPS: uma proposta metodológica para eliminação de efeitos sazonais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de uma metodologia de baixo custo para o cadastro de propriedades em áreas de expansão e vazios urbanos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Solução rápida das ambigüidades GPS para aplicações no posicionamento relativo de linhas de base curtas

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Método dos mínimos quadrados com penalidades: aplicação no posicionamento relativo GPS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de funções para modelagem do efeito da refratação ionosférica na propagação dos sinais GPS

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Campo de velocidade para as estações da RBMC e do IGS localizados na placa Sul-Americana: estimativa a partir do processamento de dados GPS

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)