961 resultados para Sigma-Fragmentability


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Two novel effective-fourth-order (eighth-order) resonator based MASH (MultistAge noise SHaping) bandpass Σ-Δ modulators are introduced at the behavioural level and subsequently examined by simulations utilising the ALTA SPW environment. The considered bandpass configurations have in their loop filter a cascade of standard second-order resonator structures in order to achieve appropriate noise shaping. The quantisation noise in each stage is suppressed by feeding the error of each section into the input of the following stage. It is demonstrated in this paper that the quadruple effective-first-order cascade configuration has significantly better performance as well as conforming more closely with theory in comparison with the effective-second-order effective-second-order cascade. The superior performance of the former can be attributed to the cumulative effect of the multi-bit outputs as well as the presence of more notch filters.

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The paper presents simulation results from investigating the behaviour of multistage (MASH) oversampled bandpass sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) modulators for use in analogue to digital converters for high frequency narrowband applications such as the signals out of the intermediate frequency (IF) section of a superheterodyne radio receiver. The bandpass configurations under consideration have in their loop filter a cascade of second-order resonator structures in order to achieve acceptable noise shaping. The quantisation noise in each stage is suppressed by feeding the error of each section into the input of the following stages. It is demonstrated that the triple effective-first-order bandpass MASH structure has significantly better performance compared with the effective-second-order effective-first-order bandpass MASH structure.

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Concert Program for Sigma Chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia presents Northwest Composers in their Third Annual Symposium of Original Compositions, 1942

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The one-electron reduced local energy function, t ~ , is introduced and has the property < tL)=(~>. It is suggested that the accuracy of SL reflects the local accuracy of an approximate wavefunction. We establish that <~~>~ <~2,> and present a bound formula, E~ , which is such that where Ew is Weinstein's lower bound formula to the ground state. The nature of the bound is not guaranteed but for sufficiently accurate wavefunctions it will yield a lower bound. ,-+ 1'S I I Applications to X LW Hz. and ne are presented.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Administración con especialidad en Producción y Calidad) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, 1995

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Tesis ( Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería de Manufactura con Especialidad en Diseño del Producto) U.A.N.L.

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Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería de Manufactura con Especialidad en Automatización) U.A.N.L.

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Tesis (Doctor en Ingeniería Física Industrial) UANL, 2013.

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Réovirus, connu sous le nom REOLYSIN®, est présentement à l'étude à titre d'agent oncolytique. Or, la spécificité du virus pour les cellules cancéreuses pourrait être optimisée par une modification au niveau de la protéine d'attachement σ1. La présente étude vise à démontrer qu'une telle amélioration est possible par l'utilisation de la méthode nouvellement décrite de génétique inverse. Par cette technique, il est possible d'ajouter un polypeptide d'une longueur de quarante acides aminés à l'extrémité C-terminale de σ1. Il est aussi possible d'engendrer des virus mutés en leur site d'activité mucinolytique. Les virus nouvellement créés démontrent une efficacité de réplication diminuée, mais demeurent infectieux. Contrairement aux méthodes traditionnellement utilisées avec réovirus, la méthode de génétique inverse permet de conserver les mutations engendrées, par substitution ou addition, au cours des cycles de réplication. Une telle étude démontre qu'il serait possible de modifier le tropisme de réovirus.

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Dans cette thèse, nous analysons les propriétés géométriques des surfaces obtenues des solutions classiques des modèles sigma bosoniques et supersymétriques en deux dimensions ayant pour espace cible des variétés grassmanniennes G(m,n). Plus particulièrement, nous considérons la métrique, les formes fondamentales et la courbure gaussienne induites par ces surfaces naturellement plongées dans l'algèbre de Lie su(n). Le premier chapitre présente des outils préliminaires pour comprendre les éléments des chapitres suivants. Nous y présentons les théories de jauge non-abéliennes et les modèles sigma grassmanniens bosoniques ainsi que supersymétriques. Nous nous intéressons aussi à la construction de surfaces dans l'algèbre de Lie su(n) à partir des solutions des modèles sigma bosoniques. Les trois prochains chapitres, formant cette thèse, présentent les contraintes devant être imposées sur les solutions de ces modèles afin d'obtenir des surfaces à courbure gaussienne constante. Ces contraintes permettent d'obtenir une classification des solutions en fonction des valeurs possibles de la courbure. Les chapitres 2 et 3 de cette thèse présentent une analyse de ces surfaces et de leurs solutions classiques pour les modèles sigma grassmanniens bosoniques. Le quatrième consiste en une analyse analogue pour une extension supersymétrique N=2 des modèles sigma bosoniques G(1,n)=CP^(n-1) incluant quelques résultats sur les modèles grassmanniens. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions les propriétés géométriques des surfaces associées aux solutions holomorphes des modèles sigma grassmanniens bosoniques. Nous donnons une classification complète de ces solutions à courbure gaussienne constante pour les modèles G(2,n) pour n=3,4,5. De plus, nous établissons deux conjectures sur les valeurs constantes possibles de la courbure gaussienne pour G(m,n). Nous donnons aussi des éléments de preuve de ces conjectures en nous appuyant sur les immersions et les coordonnées de Plücker ainsi que la séquence de Veronese. Ces résultats sont publiés dans la revue Journal of Geometry and Physics. Le troisième chapitre présente une analyse des surfaces à courbure gaussienne constante associées aux solutions non-holomorphes des modèles sigma grassmanniens bosoniques. Ce travail généralise les résultats du premier article et donne un algorithme systématique pour l'obtention de telles surfaces issues des solutions connues des modèles. Ces résultats sont publiés dans la revue Journal of Geometry and Physics. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous considérons une extension supersymétrique N=2 du modèle sigma bosonique ayant pour espace cible G(1,n)=CP^(n-1). Ce chapitre décrit la géométrie des surfaces obtenues des solutions du modèle et démontre, dans le cas holomorphe, qu'elles ont une courbure gaussienne constante si et seulement si la solution holomorphe consiste en une généralisation de la séquence de Veronese. De plus, en utilisant une version invariante de jauge du modèle en termes de projecteurs orthogonaux, nous obtenons des solutions non-holomorphes et étudions la géométrie des surfaces associées à ces nouvelles solutions. Ces résultats sont soumis dans la revue Communications in Mathematical Physics.

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In a sigma-delta analog to digital (A/D) As most of the sigma-delta ADC applications require converter, the most computationally intensive block is decimation filters with linear phase characteristics, the decimation filter and its hardware implementation symmetric Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are may require millions of transistors. Since these widely used for implementation. But the number of FIR converters are now targeted for a portable application, filter coefficients will be quite large for implementing a a hardware efficient design is an implicit requirement. narrow band decimation filter. Implementing decimation In this effect, this paper presents a computationally filter in several stages reduces the total number of filter efficient polyphase implementation of non-recursive coefficients, and hence reduces the hardware complexity cascaded integrator comb (CIC) decimators for and power consumption [2]. Sigma-Delta Converters (SDCs). The SDCs are The first stage of decimation filter can be operating at high oversampling frequencies and hence implemented very efficiently using a cascade of integrators require large sampling rate conversions. The filtering and comb filters which do not require multiplication or and rate reduction are performed in several stages to coefficient storage. The remaining filtering is performed reduce hardware complexity and power dissipation. either in single stage or in two stages with more complex The CIC filters are widely adopted as the first stage of FIR or infinite impulse response (IIR) filters according to decimation due to its multiplier free structure. In this the requirements. The amount of passband aliasing or research, the performance of polyphase structure is imaging error can be brought within prescribed bounds by compared with the CICs using recursive and increasing the number of stages in the CIC filter. The non-recursive algorithms in terms of power, speed and width of the passband and the frequency characteristics area. This polyphase implementation offers high speed outside the passband are severely limited. So, CIC filters operation and low power consumption. The polyphase are used to make the transition between high and low implementation of 4th order CIC filter with a sampling rates. Conventional filters operating at low decimation factor of '64' and input word length of sampling rate are used to attain the required transition '4-bits' offers about 70% and 37% of power saving bandwidth and stopband attenuation. compared to the corresponding recursive and Several papers are available in literature that deals non-recursive implementations respectively. The same with different implementations of decimation filter polyphase CIC filter can operate about 7 times faster architecture for sigma-delta ADCs. Hogenauer has than the recursive and about 3.7 times faster than the described the design procedures for decimation and non-recursive CIC filters.

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This work presents a wideband low-distortion sigmadelta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard. The proposed converter makes use of low-distortion swing suppression SDM architecture which is highly suitable for low oversampling ratios to attain high linearity over a wide bandwidth. The modulator employs a 2-2 cascaded sigma-delta modulator with feedforward path with a single-bit quantizer in the first stage and 4-bit in the second stage. The modulator is designed in TSMC 0.18um CMOS technology and operates at 1.8V supply voltage. Simulation results show that, a peak SNDR of 57dB and a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 66dB is obtained for a 10MHz signal bandwidth, and an oversampling ratio of 8.

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The demand for new telecommunication services requiring higher capacities, data rates and different operating modes have motivated the development of new generation multi-standard wireless transceivers. In multistandard design, sigma-delta based ADC is one of the most popular choices. To this end, in this paper we present cascaded 2-2-2 reconfigurable sigma-delta modulator that can handle GSM, WCDMA and WLAN standards. The modulator makes use of a low-distortion swing suppression topology which is highly suitable for wide band applications. In GSM mode, only the first stage (2nd order Σ-Δ ADC) is used to achieve a peak SNDR of 88dB with oversampling ratio of 160 for a bandwidth of 200KHz and for WCDMA mode a 2-2 cascaded structure (4th order) is turned on with 1-bit in the first stage and 2-bit in the second stage to achieve 74 dB peak SNDR with over-sampling ratio of 16 for a bandwidth of 2MHz. Finally, a 2-2-2 cascaded MASH architecture with 4-bit in the last stage is proposed to achieve a peak SNDR of 58dB for WLAN for a bandwidth of 20MHz. The novelty lies in the fact that unused blocks of second and third stages can be made inactive to achieve low power consumption. The modulator is designed in TSMC 0.18um CMOS technology and operates at 1.8 supply voltage