Sustained competitive advantage of different sized multinational corporations in rural base of the pyramid markets

This thesis explores how multinational corporations of different sizes create barriers to imitation and therefore sustain competitive advantage in rural and informal Base of the Pyramid economies. These markets require close cooperation with local partners in a dynamic environment that lacks imposable property rights and follows a different rationale than developed markets. In order to explore how competitive advantage is sustained by different sized multinational corporations at the Base of the Pyramid, the natural-resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities perspective are integrated. Based on this integration the natural-resource-based view is extended by identifying critical dynamic capabilities that are assumed to be sources of competitive advantage at the Base of the Pyramid. Further, a contrasting case study explores how the identified dynamic capabilities are protected and their competitive advantage is sustained by isolating mechanisms that create barriers to imitation for a small to medium sized and a large multinational corporation. The case study results give grounds to assume that most resource-based isolating mechanisms create barriers to imitation that are fairly high for large and established multinational corporations that operate at the rural Base of the Pyramid and have a high product and business model complexity. On the contrary, barriers to imitation were found to be lower for young and small to medium sized multinational corporations with low product and business model complexity that according to some authors represent the majority of rural Base of the Pyramid companies. Particularly for small to medium sized multinational corporations the case study finds a relationship- and transaction-based unwillingness of local partners to act opportunistically rather than a resource-based inability to imitate. By offering an explanation of sustained competitive advantage for small to medium sized multinational corporations at the rural Base of the Pyramid this thesis closes an important research gap and recommends to include institutional and transaction-based research perspectives.

Crisis, endeudamiento y desposesión en el mundo rural catalán de finales del siglo XIX

Esta tesis doctoral examina las repercusiones de la llamada "Gran Depresión" de finales del siglo XIX sobre la sociedad rural catalana a partir del análisis del que puede ser visto como uno de los síntomas más característicos de cualquier crisis agraria: la pérdida de derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra o sobre otros inmuebles de carácter rural como consecuencia de reclamaciones de deudas, promovidas por particulares o por el Estado, que culminaron en subasta pública. El trabajo ha sido dividido en dos secciones. En la primera se analiza la desposesión causada por procedimientos ejecutivos impulsados por la Administración de Hacienda por impuestos impagados. En la segunda se ha estudiado la actividad judicial que concluyó en subasta pública de bienes inmuebles, y se han mostrado sus relaciones con la situación agraria, especialmente en los sectores del trigo y de la vid.

Private investment in the countryside: an assessment of the role of new houses and estates in sustaining the rural economy and environment

The British countryside has been shaped and sustained over the years by the establishment of landed estates. Some of our best known, and now most protected, landmarks derive from this tradition by which money, that was often sourced from outside the rural economy, was invested in land. Whilst there was some reversal in this trend during the last century, there is again a widespread desire among people of means to invest in new country property. Paragraph 3.21 of Planning Policy Guidance Note 7: The Countryside - Environmental Quality and Economic and Social Development was introduced in 1997 as a means of perpetuating the historic tradition of innovation in the countryside through the construction of fine individual houses in landscaped grounds. That it was considered necessary to use a special provision of this kind reflects the prevailing presumption of planning authorities against allowing private residential development in open countryside. The Government is currently reviewing rural planning policy and is focusing on higher density housing, affordable homes and the use of brownfield sites. There is an underlying conception that individual private house developments contribute nothing and are seen as the least attractive option for most development sites. The purpose of paragraph 3.21 lies outside the government’s priorities and its particular provisions may therefore be excluded in forthcoming ‘policy statements’. This paper seeks to examine the role of private investors wishing to build new houses in the countryside, and the impact that that might have on local economies. It explores the interpretation placed on PPG7 through an investigation of appeal sites, and concludes by making recommendations for the review process, including the retention of some form of exceptions policy for new build houses.

Juventude rural e projetos de vida: a experiência do consórcio social da juventude rural em São João do Sabugi

The presented research however has as object to apprehend the contribution of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is João of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the agricultural young. In it interests to know them which are the dreams and desires of these young, its relation with familiar agriculture, its desires of permanence in the field, as well as the relation of the trust with the fortalecimento of its projects of life. Thus, the general objective is to argue the contribution and influence of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is João of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the young of the city. The construction of the subject on agricultural youth to the contact with the land and the work in familiar agriculture were one strong expression identified in this research, exactly leading in consideration that nor all possess the desire to remain young agricultural , or at least young agriculturists. For the young, agricultural being is express through not only the contact with the agricultural work, but also the process of sociability, formation of affective bows, possibilities of new learnings, valuation of the agricultural way and its potentialities, of that the corporeal property and cultural is possible to be young in the agricultural way with access, historicamente denied

Direitos de propriedade da terra rural no Brasil: uma proposta institucionalista para ampliar a governança fundiária

O artigo discute, sob uma perspectiva institucionalista, a dimensão do problema fundiário brasileiro expresso pela fragilidade dos direitos de propriedade da terra rural. Além dos condicionantes históricos referidos no texto, o artigo chama a atenção para o papel das instituições de registro e cadastro de imóveis que, por estarem separadas e não integradas, favorecem as práticas de fraude, apossamento e potencializam os conflitos fundiários. O artigo conclui com uma proposta de mudança institucional, baseada no aumento da governança da terra, no recente contexto favorável ao aperfeiçoamento da estrutura de direitos de propriedade da terra.

A reprodução do espaço da pequena produção rural familiar em Canguaretama/RN

This study aimed to explore the process of reproduction of space from the small family farm production in the municipality of Canguaretama, specifically focused on foodstuffs of plant origin, seeking to understand the changes in agrarian space canguaretamense and its impact on small family farms the last 35 years. Since colonization, during the seventeenth century, the production of space agrarian Canguaretama was founded under a structure based on large ownership and cultivation of cane sugar. Secondly, it was being built a small space reserved for food production to meet both the consumption of property, but also for local marketing. In the centuries following the changes in the capitalist system imposed a new dynamic for small food production, mostly in the early twentieth century, with processing plants and mills in the area extending toward the cultivation of sugarcane. In the second half of that century, mainly in the 1980s, the cultivation of cane sugar was encouraged to produce alcohol, which led to a further expansion of sugar cane toward the areas targeted for the production of foodstuffs. Currently, the framework of small food production differs little from the period of colonization in relation to the difficulties faced by this segment of agriculture. Thus, we have a reality based on socio-spatial inequality, and the near absence of the Government, which requires urgent implementation of public policies for the production and organization of small producers into associations or cooperatives to improve the productivity and hence in their standards of living and their families

Avaliação do programa “luz para todos”, implantado na cooperativa de eletrificação rural de Itaí, Paranapanema e Avaré - Ceripa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação energética econômica da culturado milho em assentamento rural, Iperó-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

O trabalho escravo contemporâneo como fator de descumprimento da função social da propriedade rural

Pretende-se analisar o descumprimento da função social da propriedade rural vinculada à redução de trabalhadores à condição análoga a de escravos, tendo em vista que a Constituição Federal de 1988 elegeu a dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do Estado Democrático de Direito, bem como trouxe no rol dos requisitos para o cumprimento da função social da propriedade rural, art. 186, a observância das disposições que regulam as relações de trabalho e a exploração que favoreça o bem estar dos proprietários e dos trabalhadores. A função social da propriedade rural é vista neste estudo como elemento inerente ao atual conceito de direito de propriedade. Ao considerarmos a função social da propriedade como estrutural ao direito de propriedade, isto é, o direito de propriedade agrária existe para cumprir uma função necessária à sociedade, a inobservância desta sócio-funcionalidade leva à própria extinção do direito em questão, fato este que na prática retira do Estado a obrigação de proteger a condição de proprietário do descumpridor. Neste sentido, a desconstituição do direito de propriedade sobre as terras onde ocorra o trabalho escravo contemporâneo, seria uma proposta à reconstrução da dogmática do direito de propriedade rural. Nestes termos, a abordagem tem por objetivo, a partir da Carta Republicana de 1988, a releitura de valores, conformadores do conteúdo do direito de propriedade e da dignidade da pessoa humana. O capítulo I retrata o trabalho escravo contemporâneo e sua relação com as atividades produtivas na região amazônica. O Capítulo II analisa o Trabalho Escravo Contemporâneo como prática criminalizada no Art. 149 do CPB, bem como a mudança de paradigma com a alteração da redação da legislação ocorrida em 2003. O capítulo III aborda o método sistemático de interpretação constitucional sob o enfoque axiológico teleológico. O capítulo IV evidencia a dignidade humana como diretriz e norma constitucional, principal valor violado na prática do trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Por fim, o capítulo V revela os fundamentos do direito de propriedade a partir da atual hermenêutica constitucional, diferenciando-o de seu padrão individualista, o que leva a breve exposição sobre a diferença entre desapropriação e desconstituição do direito de propriedade rural pela prática do trabalho escravo contemporâneo.

Análise técnica e econômica da utilização da energia solar e eólica em uma propriedade rural para geração de eletricidade, bombeamento e aquecimento de água

This paper is about a case study of using solar energy and wind energy in a farm. For this purpose were collected from the property, such as water consumption and amount of residents. So, we estimate how many conventional panels or PET bottle panels and boiler needed to supply the farm with warm water. It also calculates the amount of photovoltaic panels and the main accessories for converting solar energy into electrical energy. For the pumping of water using photovoltaic panels is dismissed and dimensioned to be a watermill

Strategic planning for dairy cattle: SWOT analysis applied to a property of a farmers' association in Dracena, São Paulo state, Brazil

The sector of milk production in Brazil is very heterogeneous (high-tech in large scale X family properties). This study aimed to develop a diagnostic as a basis for a strategic plan to face the challenges inherent in operating a dairy farm in property of a farmers' association in Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil. It was observed that the association needs a more efficient guidance in the marketing, production and finance areas, not to compromise the search for new markets and continued growth in activity.

Large-scale land acquisitions in Peru: Land (re)-concentration, agrarian change and reactions from rural communities

More than 40 years after the agrarian reform, Peru is experiencing a renewed process of concentration of land ownership in the hands of large-scale investors, favoring the development of a sugar cane production cluster along the northern coast. The expansion of the agricultural frontier by means of large irrigation projects – originally developed to benefit medium- and small-scale farmers – is carried out today in order to be sold to large-scale investors for the production of export crops. In the region of Piura the increasing presence of large-scale biofuel investors puts substantial pressure on land and water resources, not only changing the use of and access to land for local communities, but also generating water shortages vis-à-vis the multiple water demands of local food producers. The changes in land relations and the agro-ecosystem, the altering food production regime as well as the increasing proletarization of smallholders, is driving many locals – even those which (initially) welcomed the investment – into resistance activities against the increasing control of land, water and other natural resources in the hands of agribusinesses. The aim of this presentation is to discuss the contemporary political, social and cultural dynamics of agrarian change along the northern Peruvian coast as well as the «reactions from below» emanating from campesino communities, landless laborers, brick producers, pastoralists as well as other marginalized groups. The different strategies, forms and practices of resistance with the goal of the «protection of the territory» shall be explored as well as the reasons for their rather scattered occurrence and the lack of alliances on the land issue. This input shall make a contribution to the on-going debate on individual and communal property rights and the question of what is best in terms of collective defense against land grabbing.