Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of globally distributed benthic stable oxygen isotope records

We present a 5.3-Myr stack (the ''LR04'' stack) of benthic d18O records from 57 globally distributed sites aligned by an automated graphic correlation algorithm. This is the first benthic delta18O stack composed of more than three records to extend beyond 850 ka, and we use its improved signal quality to identify 24 new marine isotope stages in the early Pliocene. We also present a new LR04 age model for the Pliocene-Pleistocene derived from tuning the delta18O stack to a simple ice model based on 21 June insolation at 65 N. Stacked sedimentation rates provide additional age model constraints to prevent overtuning. Despite a conservative tuning strategy, the LR04 benthic stack exhibits significant coherency with insolation in the obliquity band throughout the entire 5.3 Myr and in the precession band for more than half of the record. The LR04 stack contains significantly more variance in benthic delta18O than previously published stacks of the late Pleistocene as the result of higher resolution records, a better alignment technique, and a greater percentage of records from the Atlantic. Finally, the relative phases of the stack's 41- and 23-kyr components suggest that the precession component of delta18O from 2.7-1.6 Ma is primarily a deep-water temperature signal and that the phase of d18O precession response changed suddenly at 1.6 Ma.

Sedimentation rates calculated on surface sediment samples from different site of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Table 1)

Radiocarbon ages on CaCO3 from deep-sea cores offer constraints on the nature of the CaCO3 dissolution process. The idea is that the toll taken by dissolution on grains within the core top bioturbation zone should be in proportion to their time of residence in this zone. If so, dissolution would shift the mass distribution in favor of younger grains, thereby reducing the mean radiocarbon age for the grain ensemble. We have searched in vain for evidence supporting the existence of such an age reduction. Instead, we find that for water depths of more than 4 km in the tropical Pacific the radiocarbon age increases with the extent of dissolution. We can find no satisfactory steady state explanation and are forced to conclude that this increase must be the result of chemical erosion. The idea is that during the Holocene the rate of dissolution of CaCO3 has exceeded the rain rate of CaCO3. In this circumstance, bioturbation exhumes CaCO3 from the underlying glacial sediment and mixes it with CaCO3 raining from the sea surface.

Transactions and proceedings and report of the Philosophical Society of Adelaide, South Australia.

Mode of access: Internet.

On the geographical distribution of some tropical diseases and their relation to physical phenomena /

"Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh."

A report of the rise and progress of the Society of British artists, addressed to its patrons and supporters.

Mode of access: Internet.

Journal of the Society of Arts

Title from caption

On new forms of marine Diatomacea : found in the Firth of Clyde and in Loch Fine /

From the Transactions of the Royal society of Edinburgh, vol. 21, pt. 4.

A new form of harmonic synthetiser.

Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, session 1905-1906, v. 76, pt. 4.

On leaf-architecture as illuminated by a study of pteridophyta /

Detached from: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. LI, part III, no. 21.

Experiments on the motion of the sap in trees.

Transactions of the Royal society of Edinburgh, 1788, i, 3-40.

An account of the Quassia polygama, or bitter-wood of Jamaica, and of the Cinchona brachycarpa, a new species of the Cinchona brachycarpa, a new species of Jesuit's bark found in the same island.

Transactions of the Royal society of Edinburgh, 1794, iii, 205-214.

The history of Ilium or Troy : including the adjacent country, and the opposite coast of the Chersonesus of Thrace /

Signatures: a-b⁴ c1 B-Y⁴.