Humoral and protective response of Indian major carps to immersion vaccination with Aeromonas hydrophila

Fry of the Indian major carps, Catta catla (Ham.), Labeo rohita (Ham.) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) were immunized at 4 and 8 weeks post hatching (wph) by direct immersion in a suspension (10 super(8) cells ml super(-1))of heat inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila. Following the same procedure, booster dose was administered 20 days after the first immersion. Antibodies as well as protective response produced in both the groups after the first and the booster immersion were different and significant (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the species in the two age groups. The specimens immunized 8 wph showed higher antibody titres and protection than the 4 wph group. C. catla had higher relative percent survival followed by L. rohita and C. mrigala.

The role of anti-non-Gal antibodies in the development of acute humoral xenograft rejection of hDAF transgenic porcine kidneys in baboons receiving anti-Gal antibody neutralization therapy

Background. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of preformed and induced anti-non-Gal antibodies in the rejection of hDAF pig-to-baboon kidney xenotransplants after anti-Gal antibody neutralization therapy. Methods. Seven baboons receiv

Optimization by orthogonal array design and humoral immunity of the bivalent vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio fluvialis infection in crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.)

Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio fluvialis are the causative agents of a serious haemorrhagic septicaemia that affects a wide range of freshwater fish in China. In order to develop a bivalent anti-A. hydrophila and anti-V. fluvialis formalin-killed vaccine to prevent this disease, an orthogonal array design (OAD) method was used to optimize the production conditions, using three factors, each having three levels. The effects of these factors and levels on the relative per cent survival for crucian carp were quantitatively evaluated by analysis of variance. The final optimized formulation was established. The data showed that inactivation temperature had a significant effect on the potency of vaccine, but formalin concentration did not. The bivalent vaccine could elicit a strong humoral response in crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.) against both A. hydrophila and V. fluvialis simultaneously, which peaked at 3 or 5 weeks respectively. Antibody titres remained high until week 12, the end of the experiment, after a single intraperitoneal injection. The verification experiment confirmed that an optimized preparation could provide protection for fish at least against A. hydrophila infection, and did perform better than the non-optimized vaccine judged by the antibody levels and protection rate, suggesting that OAD is of value in the development of improved vaccine formulations.

Humoral immune responses of the grouper Eninephelus akaara against the microsporidium Glugea epinephelusis

The humoral immune responses of grouper Epinephelus akaara to a natural infection with Glugea epinephelusis was studied by ELISA utilizing intact mature spores as the coated antigen. Results showed that a specific humoral immune response was elicited, but the intensity of infection (in terms of the number of cysts) was not related to the antibody level in naturally infected hosts. The differences in the antigenicity of intact mature spores and soluble spore proteins derived from cracked mature spores were also analyzed. Results suggested that similar antigen epitopes existed between the 2 groups. Additionally, antigen component patterns and the distribution of antigen with immunogenicity were investigated by using the western blot and the immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). The new parasitic microsporidium has specific polypeptide patterns comparable to the reported fish microsporidians. The main antigenic substances are concentrated on the surface of spores, and are mostly located on the anterior and posterior end of the spore bodies. Most surface components of the G. epinephelusis spores are soluble, The potential role of the surface components in initiating infection was also discussed.

Indução de resposta imune contra novas proteínas de membrana de Anaplasma marginale em Camundongos BALB/c.

2009

Resposta de cultivares de milho à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura.

2005

Análise citológica de cultivares tolerantes e sensíveis de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) em resposta à presença de alumínio em solução.

2005

Aplicabilidade do modelo de balanço de nitrogênio para previsão de resposta da cana-de-açúcar ao fertilizante nitrogenado.

Fertilização nitrogenada na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Modelagem matemática.

Uma comparação entre Antispams do tipo desafio-resposta e estatísticos: uma experiência da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária.

2005

Resposta do pessegueiro à adubação nitrogenada em um Cambissolo Húmico na Serra Gaúcha.

2006

Resposta da soja à adubação nitrogenada na semeadura.

2001

Desenvolvimento inicial e nutrição do pau-pombo em resposta à fertilização com nitrogêncio e fósforo.

2006

Aplicação de composto orgânico em pessegueiro: resposta das plantas e perdas de nitrogênio por volatilização.

A necessidade de adubação nitrogenada de manutenção do pessegueiro (Prunus persica) no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e em Santa Catarina (SC) é estabelecida com base no teor total de N nas folhas completas, no crescimento dos ramos do ano e na produtividade esperada (BRUNETTO et al., 2007). Quando definida a necessidade, além da ureia, em função da disponibilidade, podem ser utilizadas outras fontes, como o composto orgânico, que, na adubação de manutenção, é aplicado na superfície do solo sem incorporação. O composto orgânico aplicado em solos de pomares pode promover o incremento do teor de carbono orgânico do solo, o que, por consequência, pode favorecer a agregação, melhorando a estrutura, a porosidade, a capacidade de armazenamento de água e aumentando a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, como as formas de N, por causa da mineralização do composto orgânico (KRAMER et al., 2002). Assim, espera-se maior emissão de raízes brancas e mais finas (SCANDELARI et al., 2010), que são responsáveis pela absorção de água e nutrientes

Indutores abióticos na resposta de diferentes genótipos de soja quanto à ferrugem-asiática e componentes de produção.

2015

The humoral response to HIV-1: new insights, renewed focus.

During the past 2 decades, significant advances in our understanding of the humoral immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have been made, yet a tremendous amount of work lies ahead. Despite these advances, strategies to reliably induce antibodies that can control HIV-1 infection are still critically needed. However, recent advances in our understanding of the kinetics, specificity, and function of early humoral responses offer alternative new approaches to attain this goal. These results, along with the new broadly neutralizing antibody specificities, the role for other antibody functions, the increased understanding of HIV-1-induced changes to B cell biology, and results from the RV144 "Thai" trial showing potential modest sterilizing protection by nonneutralizing antibody responses, have renewed focus on the humoral system. In this review, recent advances in our understanding of the earliest humoral responses are discussed, highlighting presentations from the meeting on the Biology of Acute HIV Infection.