A Educação alimentar e nutricional : práticas pedagógicas em Escolas do Município de Ubajara-CE

Umas das grandes causas de problemas nutricionais é a falta de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional, que, na maioria das vezes, consiste em simples orientações e técnicas educativas inadequadas e tradicionais. Portanto, a pesquisa analisou a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional, mais especificamente as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas pelos professores das escolas públicas do município de Ubajara-Ce, realizando entrevistas com os docentes que ministram Ciências Naturais no 8º ano de três escolas municipais e aplicando-se também um questionário para os alunos. Todos os docentes possuem graduação em Pedagogia e Pós-Graduação em áreas não afins com a temática. Não houve formação continuada sobre o assunto, mas de acordo com o questionário, os alunos possuem os conhecimentos sobre o tema, onde estatisticamente não houve diferenças significativas ao nível de 5% para a maioria das questões. Ao analisar o discurso dos docentes, a metodologia de ensino utilizada tem tendência ao ensino sócio e individualizado com a exposição oral, debates, dinâmicas e entre os recursos didáticos estão a lousa, livros e recursos audiovisuais. Somente as práticas pedagógicas dos Professores 1 e 3 tomam um caráter de práticas reflexivas, nos levando a concluir que independente das diferenças entre as práticas pedagógicas, todas levaram ao aprendizado do aluno.

A review on Northern Hemisphere sea-ice, storminess and the North Atlantic Oscillation: observations and projected changes

The Arctic has undergone substantial changes over the last few decades in various cryospheric and derivative systems and processes. Of these, the Arctic sea ice regime has seen some of the most rapid change and is one of the most visible markers of Arctic change outside the scientific community. This has drawn considerable attention not only from the natural sciences, but increasingly, from the political and commercial sectors as they begin to grapple with the problems and opportunities that are being presented. The possible impacts of past and projected changes in Arctic sea ice, especially as it relates to climatic response, are of particular interest and have been the subject of increasing research activity. A review of the current knowledge of the role of sea ice in the climate system is therefore timely. We present a review that examines both the current state of understanding, as regards the impacts of sea-ice loss observed to date, and climate model projections, to highlight hypothesised future changes and impacts on storm tracks and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Within the broad climate-system perspective, the topics of storminess and large-scale variability will be specifically considered. We then consider larger-scale impacts on the climatic system by reviewing studies that have focused on the interaction between sea-ice extent and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Finally, an overview of the representation of these topics in the literature in the context of IPCC climate projections is presented. While most agree on the direction of Arctic sea-ice change, the rates amongst the various projections vary greatly. Similarly, the response of storm tracks and climate variability are uncertain, exacerbated possibly by the influence of other factors. A variety of scientific papers on the relationship between sea-ice changes and atmospheric variability have brought to light important aspects of this complex topic. Examples are an overall reduction in the number of Arctic winter storms, a northward shift of mid-latitude winter storms in the Pacific and a delayed negative NAO-like response in autumn/winter to a reduced Arctic sea-ice cover (at least in some months). This review paper discusses this research and the disagreements, bringing about a fresh perspective on this issue.

Towards (more) integrity in academia: transcending neo-liberal assumption of research and knowledge creation and the “rules” supressing academic freedom

European researchers across heterogeneous disciplines voice concerns and argue for new paths towards a brighter future regarding scientific and knowledge creation and communication. Recently, in biological and natural sciences concerns have been expressed that major threats are intentionally ignored. These threats are challenging Europe’s future sustainability towards creating knowledge that effectively deals with emerging social, environmental, health, and economic problems of a planetary scope. Within social science circles however, the root cause regarding the above challenges, have been linked with macro level forces of neo-liberal ways of valuing and relevant rules in academia and beyond which we take for granted. These concerns raised by heterogeneous scholars in natural and the applied social sciences concern the ethics of today’s research and academic integrity. Applying Bourdieu’s sociology may not allow an optimistic lens if change is possible. Rather than attributing the replication of neo-liberal habitus in intentional agent and institutional choices, Bourdieu’s work raises the importance of thoughtlessly internalised habits in human and social action. Accordingly, most action within a given paradigm (in this case, neo-liberalism) is understood as habituated, i.e. unconsciously reproducing external social fields, even ill-defined ways of valuing. This essay analyses these and how they may help critically analyse the current habitus surrounding research and knowledge production, evaluation, and communication and related aspects of academic freedom. Although it is acknowledged that transformation is not easy, the essay presents arguments and recent theory paths to suggest that change nevertheless may be a realistic hope once certain action logics are encouraged.

Quadrinhos nas aulas de ciências: narrando uma história de formação continuada

Located at the intersection of Science Education, Teacher Training and use of didactic Comics (HQ), the text aims to discuss the problem which thus sets: - What is the contribution of the incorporation of comics in the continuing education of teachers Natural Sciences of the early years of elementary school? - May be the comics for enabling science teaching? - How to contribute to a reflexive training of teachers of the early years? - In order to answer these questions, there was a collaborative action research in a school located in the city of Natal / RN, with three teachers who teach natural science in the early years of elementary school. The study involved the conduct of 13 meetings of in-service, under the focus on reflective practice, with the purpose of discussing topics underlying the teaching of science and the use of comics as a methodological strategy. All meetings were recorded on audio and transcripts. The teachers finally recorded the meetings by writing a portfolio. The teachers made use of 10 sessions with reading comics in science classes, which were video recorded and later watched by the educators in autoscopy sessions followed by individual interviews. From the collected data, several aspects that have emerged can be grouped into three categories: The difficult concept of science, teachers' work and the obstacles and possibilities of comics as a teaching strategy. In this sense, are woven assessments taking as its founding, look for the reflective and dialogic practices exercised in the classroom. In the analysis of the data, we can see the conceptual difficulties, methodological and pistemological questions of teachers for teaching science, but also the limitations of comic books for teaching. Learning more relevant appointed by the teachers is related to the importance of collective work to mitigate the training needs of teaching. Finally, signals that the HQ has a great potential for use in science classes, provided that the teacher conduct a careful planning for this, but that the meetings of continuing education promote moments of reflection on teaching practices that are capable of giving rise to new attitudes before the difficulties they depict

Formação continuada de professores de ciências para o ensino de astronomia nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Situated at the intersection of Continuing Formation, Science Teaching and content of astronomy, the research aims to discuss this problematic : What are the challenges encountered in a continuous formation in service of science teachers of the early years of elementary school with contents of astronomy? Aiming to answer this question, we carried out a collaborative action research in a school of Natal / RN, with 6 teachers who teach or lectured Natural Sciences in the early years of elementary school. The study involved 14 encounters of continuos formation in service, to enable a better understanding criticism and propositive concerning the teaching science, especially some content of astronomy for the initial years, through a shared discussion. To this end, we consider that more profound understanding of astronomical knowledge allows the establishment of relationships and connections between theoretical knowledge and the daily teaching practice. All discussions were recorded on audio and transcripts. This research was realized using questionnaires and diary, however, the audio recording was its principal working instrument. About the data collected, several issues emerged as the little field of conceptual content, several misconceptions among teachers about the content of astronomy, lack of adequate space in the school environment to study and the need for collective reflection on the practice. Finally, is indicated that the contents of astronomy should be used in classrooms of Sciences, provided that teaching plan of action consider the existence of diverse alternative conceptions about the subject, among both teachers and students, and the need of permanente continuing education in the teaching

Caracterização da área de Ensino de Biologia e Ciências no mestrado profissional da UFRN a partir das dissertações

The deployment of master professionals in Mathematics and Science Teaching by CAPES provided an interesting perspective, involving institutional incentive to upgrade teacher training in this modality. In this sense, the objective was to map the profile of the candidates in the Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics UFRN (PPGECNM), develop a database with specific descriptors for dissertations and research the group creation biology research and dissertations produced by graduate students in the Master course. This thesis has three threads, where the first is entitled: "The teaching of science as part of research: emergency, improvement and current reflections", giving a brief description of the creation of graduate studies and the emergence of Brazil in Science education. The second topic: "Professional Masters in Teaching of Natural Sciences and Mathematics-UFRN: candidate profile the biological ', shows the general characteristics of PPGECNM-UFRN and who are the candidates seeking the biological area of the Graduate Program. The third topic. "The construction and consolidation of the research group in biology education in PPGECNM-UFRN", a survey was made of data on the creation of the research group in biology education from the analysis of academic productions of teachers and masters graduates this Masters course, for those involved, some additional interviews about the experience in training in biology education. Data used in these investigations related to these students correspond to the technical product to be used in other studies profile teachers /dissertations from the PPGECNM / UFRN. Research shows that: the existence of a larger number of postgraduate courses in the field of Science Education provides greater productivity in academic research on the subject, the emergence of a research group on education in biology, tied to a post degree in education, is an attraction to strengthen lines of research in science education by teachers researchers in other disciplines, the candidates seeking permanent area for research in biology education signals the importance of this investment because if shows the need to search for the continuing education of practicing teachers, demands with interests in investigations from real problems from school

Recorte dos produtos educacionais em história no ensino da matemática e em didática da matemática a partir das dissertações e teses defendidas no brasil entre 1990-2010

This work has the main purpose of conducting a survey of educational products present in dissertations and doctoral theses focused on the use of history in mathematics teaching and Didactics of mathematics with a French foundation produced in graduate programs in the strict sense of the Brazil between 1990 and 2010, the areas of Education, Mathematics Education, school of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and related areas, according to the research proposal of Mendes (2010). Our interest was to select the products that present concrete proposals for educational activities that can be used in the classroom of Basic Education and Training of Teachers of Mathematics. The research was implemented through a bibliographic study documents the Bank of dissertations and theses from CAPES, libraries and archives of some Postgraduate programs in the country who focus their studies on the subject object of this research, besides the Brazilian Digital Library Theses and Dissertations (BDBTD). From this survey we selected works that present educational products materialized in blocks of activities based on the use of teaching history of mathematics to the classroom as well as the sequence of activities based on the Teaching of Mathematics. In possession of material, produce a CD-ROM containing the selected activities, in order to help support the work of teachers regarding the use of these activities, as a supplementary material to textbooks in their math classes

Interdisciplinaridade: concepções de professores da área ciências da natureza em formação em serviço

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar como os docentes da área de Ciências Naturais concebem o conceito de interdisciplinaridade e de que forma desenvolveriam um trabalho interdisciplinar a partir de um tema comum sugerido: o Efeito Estufa. Através de questionários dissertativos, os professores-alunos participantes de um projeto de formação em serviço (Pró-Ciências), expressaram suas concepções iniciais a respeito do tema. A análise das respostas obtidas levou-nos às seguintes conclusões: os professores entrevistados têm apenas concepções rudimentares de interdisciplinaridade e confundem este conceito com o de multidisciplinaridade. Afirmam que é possível trabalhar o conceito de Efeito Estufa de maneira interdisciplinar, mas não indicam metodologias adequadas para fazê-lo, devido à carência conceitual apontada anteriormente.

Mechanical behavior of natural fiber composites

The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric composites for technical applications has been a research subject of scientists during the last decade. There is a great interest in the application of sisal fiber as substitutes for glass fibers, motivated by potential advantages of weight saving, lower raw material price, and ecological advantages of using green resources which are renewable and biodegradable.Castor oil, a triglyceride vegetable that has hydroxyl groups, was reacted with 4,4' diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) to produce the polyurethane matrix. Woven sisal fibers were used untreated and thermal treated at 60 C for 72h, and the composites were processed by compression molding.The present work study tensile behavior at four composites: dry sisal/polyurethane, humid sisal/polyurethane, dry sisal/phenolic and humid sisal/phenolic resin. The moisture content influences of sisal fibers on the mechanical behaviors were analyzed.Experimental results showed a higher tensile strength for the sisal/phenolic composites followed by sisal/polyurethane, respectively. In this research, sisal composites were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ICM11

Formação continuada na perspectiva da racionalidade comunicativa: possibilidades de articulação entre literatura infantil e o ensino de ciências da natureza

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Ensino e aprendizagem de avaliação funcional descritiva na atuação profissional de professores de ciências no ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

A prática pedagógica e a construção de saberes do biólogo no ensino de física na 8ª série

O trabalho em foco foi realizado com professores licenciados em Biologia que lecionam Física na disciplina Ciências Naturais. Apresenta alguns uestionamentos em torno do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido por estes profissionais da educação para superar as dificuldades encontradas ao lecionarem aquela disciplina. Para subsidiar este estudo, analisei o currículo de licenciatura plena em Biologia de duas instituições de ensino superior, os erros conceituais nos livros didáticos e as relações que se estabelecem entre estes instrumentos, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e os saberes docentes do professor de Ciências. Os subsídios teóricos que nortearam a investigação estão centrados nos pensamentos de Paulo Freire e sua prática libertadora de educar, na escola reflexiva de Isabel Alarcão, nas competências de Perrenoud, entre outros autores que fazem reflexões pistemológicas sobre a prática pedagógica, e Orlandi, que trata das análises do Discurso. Para compreender melhor o trabalho docente desenvolvido pelos professores sujeitos desta pesquisa, analiso por meio de observações, entrevistas e questionários como se constroem os saberes docentes na atuação deste profissional, haja vista que ele não é formado para o exercício pedagógico na disciplina de Física. Os dados encontrados nas vozes desses professores mostram neste modelo de pesquisa o quanto é importante saber ouvir, para sentir e avaliar as esperanças, as angústias e outros problemas que interferem ou auxiliam na prática educativa. O estudo revela alguns elementos que servem para analisar como os professores constroem e estruturam suas práticas pedagógicas, sejam elas reflexivas ou não, como estruturam seus pensamentos em relação ao ensino de Ciências, e quais as alternativas possíveis para uma melhoria na qualidade desta prática. Revelam também que os livros didáticos são instrumentos que sustentam a prática dos professores, sobretudo para os que insistem em ficar presos ao currículo estabelecido pelo sistema educacional, ou ao currículo da formação inicial. Concluo, finalmente, que muito precisa ser feito para melhorar a alfabetização científica docente, mas apesar disso, encontramos professores comprometidos com a própria formação profissional. A construção dos saberes docentes não estão centradas apenas no currículo de formação profissional, ou na leitura dos livros didáticos, nem tampouco nas estratégias pedagógicas, porém incluem-se a esses saberes a construção dos conhecimentos experimentados ou vividos ao longo de sua vida, aos saberes construídos na realidade social da qual participa o docente, da realidade do sistema escolar, do saber da experiência, enfim a construção se faz com todos os “arranjos” que a sociedade expõe o docente/educador acompanhado de reflexões crítico-analíticas.

O instituido e o vivido na formação docente para educação inclusiva: representações sociais de professores egressos do Curso de Licenciatura em Biologia do IFPA

Este estudo tem por objeto as Representações Sociais de egressos do curso de Licenciatura em Biologia do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará – IFPA acerca de sua formação docente na perspectiva da inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiências. A problemática se orientou com foco nas representações sociais anunciadas pelos professores sobre sua formação para a inclusão. O Objetivo principal do estudo foi Analisar o processo de construção das Representações Sociais de egressos de licenciaturas do IFPA sobre sua formação docente com vistas à inclusão. A Metodologia seguiu a abordagem qualitativa – descritiva – interpretativa – analítica com a intenção de ouvir o que esses professores têm a dizer sobre a inclusão de alunos especiais, assim como essas representações se constroem e qual o reflexo delas na ação do indivíduo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo e teve como finalidade aprofundar nosso conhecimento sobre o assunto estudado. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 10 professores egressos oriundos do campo das ciências naturais que aceitaram participar desse estudo. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio do questionário para a realização do levantamento socioeconômico, da entrevista na modalidade semi-estruturada com a intenção de apreender os discursos verbais dos professores que foram tomados como a fonte reveladora das representações sociais; e Técnica da Associação Livre de Palavras que teve como objetivo destacar imagens relevantes das possíveis representações dos docentes. Para a compreensão dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial na perspectiva de Bardin. Ao analisarmos os dados que os sujeitos entrevistados apresentaram considerando as unidades de sentido sobre determinados aspectos que permeiam a Formação Docente e Educação Inclusiva, destacamos questões dialéticas como as relações entre inclusão e exclusão, afetividade e conhecimento, teoria e prática, assim como apontamentos conflitantes que sinalizam determinadas angústias profissionais. Desta forma os resultados mostram que as representações dos professores acerca do objeto de estudo apresentam-se de forma variada, revelando a necessidade de redimensionamento de ações pedagógicas, profissionais e estruturais e estão aliadas às crenças, às convenções e à tradição que ao longo da história e da cultura educacional vem reforçando a imagem do aluno com necessidades educacionais especiais, associada à concepção de deficiência e de aluno que foge ao modelo estabelecido pela sociedade. A pesquisa ainda revela representações sociais que permeiam as construções psicossociais sobre formação e Educação Inclusiva, indicando que entre os valores e os conhecimentos priorizados para pensar e, conseqüentemente agir estão fortemente vinculados aceitação das diferenças a partir de ações solitárias, ou seja, de um protagonismo individual.

O cientificismo como obstáculo à compreensão ético-política da Psicologia

In separating the phenomena of their social, human, and ecological contexts, and by not taking into account intentional and valorative categories, natural-scientific methodologies impede the comprehension of some human activities which include values, chiefly ethical and political. In this context, scientism is the dogmatic and non-thematized acceptance of natural-scientific methods. From this point on, in the context of psychology, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how scientism can function as an epistemological and methodological obstacle to an ethical and political understanding of psychology. Thus, at first, through reflections based on problems encountered in the literature on the subject, scientism's dogmas and some counterpoints are presented; some of its consequences are addressed, by taking up two examples from current literature - the labeling and the racial interpretations, and, finally, a program of research which deals with these problems is presented as an alternative: critical psychology.

Genetische Analyse des Somatostatin-Systems

Somatostatin ist ein Molekül mit multifunktinonellem Charakter, dem Neurotransmitter-, Neuromodulator- und (Neuro)-Hormoneigenschaften zugeschrieben werden. Gemäß seiner ubiquitären Verteilung in Geweben beeinflusst es Stoffwechsel- und Entwicklungsprozesse, bis hin zu Lern-und Gedächtnisleistungen. Diese Wirkungen resultieren aus dem lokalen und zeitlichen Zusammenspiel eines Liganden und fünf G-Protein gekoppelter Rezeptoren (SSTR1-5). Zur Charakterisierung der biologischen Bedeutung des Somatostatin-Systems im Gesamtorganismus wurde eine Mutationsanalyse einzelner Systemkomponenten durchgeführt. Sie umfaßte die Inaktivierung der Gene für das Somatostatin-Präpropeptid und die der Rezeptoren SSTR3 und SSTR4 durch Gene Targeting. Die entsprechenden Ausfallmutationen belegen: Weder die Rezeptoren 3 und 4, noch Somatostatin sind für das Überleben des Organismus unter Standardhaltungsbedingungen notwendig. Die entsprechenden Mauslinien zeigen keine unmittelbar auffälligen Einschränkungen ihrer Biologie. Die Somatostatin-Nullmaus wurde zum Hauptgegenstand einer detaillierten Untersuchung aufgrund der übergeordneten Position des Liganden in der Signalkaskade und verfügbaren Hinweisen zu seiner Funktion. Folgende Schlußfolgerungen konnten nach eingehender Analyse gezogen werden: Der Ausfall des Somatostatin-Gens hat erhöhte Plasmakonzentrationen an Wachstumshormon (GH) zur Konsequenz. Dies steht im Einklang mit der Rolle Somatostatins als hemmender Faktor der Wachstumshormon-Freisetzung, die in der Mutante aufgehoben ist. Durch die Somatostatin-Nullmaus wurde zudem deutlich: Somatostatin interagiert als wesentliches Bindeglied zwischen der Wachstums- und Streßachse. Permanent erhöhte Corticosteron-Werte in den Mutanten implizieren einen negativen tonischen Einfluß für die Sekretion von Glukocorticoiden in vivo. Damit zeigt die Knockout-Maus, daß Somatostatin normalerweise als ein entscheidendes inhibierendes Kontrollelement der Steroidfreisetzung fungiert. Verhaltensversuche offenbarten ein Defizit im motorischen Lernen. Somatostatin-Nullmäuse bleiben im Lernparadigma “Rotierender Stabtest” hinter ihren Artgenossen zurück ohne aber generell in Motorik oder Koordination eingeschränkt zu sein. Diese motorischen Lernvorgänge sind von einem funktionierenden Kleinhirn abhängig. Da Somatostatin und seine Rezeptoren kaum im adulten, wohl aber im sich entwickelnden Kleinhirn auftreten, belegt dieses Ergebnis die Funktion transient in der Entwicklung exprimierter Neuropeptide – eine lang bestehende, aber bislang experimentell nicht nachgewiesene Hypothese. Die Überprüfung weiterer physiologischer Parameter und Verhaltenskategorien unter Standard-Laborbedingunggen ergab keine sichtbaren Abweichungen im Vergleich zu Wildtyp-Mäusen. Damit steht nun ein Tiermodell zur weiterführenden Analyse für die Somatostatin-Forschung bereit: In endokrinologischen, elektrophysiologischen und verhaltens-biologischen Experimenten ist nun eine unmittelbare Korrelation selektiv mit dem Somatostatin-Peptid bzw. mit den Rezeptoren 3 und 4 aber auch in Kombination der Ausfallmutationen nach entsprechenden Kreuzungen möglich.