998 resultados para Remoção de fosfatos


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de filtros de areia com diferentes granulometrias na remoção de diferentes tamanhos de partículas da água de irrigação, bem como a perda de pressão em função da taxa de filtração e da granulometria de areia do leito filtrante. Os ensaios foram realizados com três filtros de um mesmo modelo comercial, testados com diferentes combinações de granulometrias de areia (areia fina, 0,55 mm; média, 0,77 mm; e grossa, 1,04 mm de diâmetro) e taxas de filtração (20, 40, 60 e 75 m3m-2 h-1), e repetidos em três ciclos de filtração de 4 horas (C1, C2 e C3, realizados em 3 dias consecutivos). O filtro de areia avaliado é efetivo na remoção de partículas a partir do tamanho de areia fina (>60 μm). Nesta faixa de remoção de partículas, a influência da taxa de filtração aumenta com a diminuição do tamanho de partícula na água. O aumento na taxa de filtração, associado à diminuição da granulometria de areia, aumenta a eficiência de remoção, mas acentua a perda de pressão com o tempo, o que diminui a remoção das partículas menores ao longo dos ciclos de filtração.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Verificou-se a influência da utilização de embalagem de polietileno, durante o armazenamento refrigerado, sobre o processo de remoção da adstringência de frutos de caquizeiro (Diospyros kaki L.), bem como sobre a qualidade dos frutos. Caquis 'Giombo' foram mantidos em câmara refrigerada a 1°C e 95-98% UR, embalados ou não em polietileno de baixa densidade. Após 30 dias de armazenamento, os frutos foram submetidos ao processo de remoção da adstringência, mediante a exposição ao vapor de álcool etílico durante 40 horas a 20°C e 95% UR. As características químicas e físicas dos frutos foram avaliadas durante 6 dias. A utilização de embalagem de polietileno proporcionou menor perda de matéria fresca após o processo de destanização, não interferindo sobre o teor de taninos solúveis, firmeza de polpa, SST, ATT e teor de ácido ascórbico. Frutos armazenados por 30 dias e submetidos ao vapor de álcool etílico tornaram-se não adstringentes após 3 dias do tratamento; no entanto, apresentou baixa firmeza de polpa e elevada perda de matéria fresca.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de fosfatos naturais no cultivo irrigado de melão orgânico, foram conduzidos dois ensaios em Petrolina-PE, sendo um em Argissolo Amarelo (PA) e outro num Argissolo Acinzentado (PAC). Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: 1- testemunha (sem P); 2- 50 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de superfosfato triplo (ST); 3- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de ST; 4- 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de ST; 5- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de termofosfato; 6- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de fosfato natural de Gafsa, e 7- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de fosfato natural Fosbahia. O melão apresentou resposta semelhante às doses de P nos dois solos, cujas produtividades máximas de 26,00 t ha-1 e 25,46 t ha-1 foram obtidas com 107,6 kg ha-1 e 118,6 kg ha-1 de P2O5 no PA e PAC, respectivamente. A eficiência do termofosfato, fosfato de Gafsa e Fosbahia em relação ao ST assumiu a sequência de 86,2%, 77,1% e 71,9% no PA e 101,5%, 72,3% e 67,3% no PAC, demonstrando que o termofosfato é a fonte de fósforo mais indicada para ser usada no cultivo orgânico do melão. São necessários 843,12 kg de termofosfato para produzir 25.000 kg ha-1 de melão, o que representa 3,4% do custo de produção.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de remoção do arilo, na germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas do maracujá-doce (Passiflora alata Curtis). Sementes extraídas de frutos maduros foram submetidas aos métodos de remoção do arilo: manual com fricção sobre malha de arame; manual com fricção de areia grossa sobre malha de arame; mecânico com liquidificador; biológico com fermentação à temperatura de 24ºC, por cinco dias; químico com imersão em solução de cal virgem a 10%; químico com imersão em solução de ácido clorídrico a 37% (1:2), ambos sob agitação por 30 minutos, e sementes sem a extração do arilo. As sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. A remoção do arilo com friccão em malha de arame apresentou a maior eficiência de germinação em laboratório. Os métodos com fricção de areia em malha de arame, imersão em solução com cal, imersão em solução com ácido clorídrico, fermentação e a não remoção do arilo conferiram melhor desempenho às sementes em condições de viveiro. A remoção do arilo com liquidificador prejudicou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. As condições de viveiro proporcionaram percentuais de emergência em plântulas, que superaram os resultados obtidos em condições de laboratório.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Capsules were prepared from chitosan (QTS)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend by saline coacervation and then by formalization. A adsorbent based on chitosan, insoluble on acid solution, was obtained. The morphology, average diameters of QTS/PVA capsules and their pores were studied by using scanning electron microscopy. The entrapment-adsorption of dimethylglioxime and ethylenediaminetetracetate by the capsules were studied. The removal of the ion nickel (II) and copper (II), was more effective than by using unloaded capsules.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This review had as aim the bibliography research for the use of aluminosilicates to remove heavy metals from wastewaters. Advanced studies based on parameters that have influence for removal of heavy metals as pH, metal concentration, effect of ligants and removal capacity of zeolites and clays, were reported. These studies demonstrate that aluminosilicates can be successfully used for the removal of heavy metals under the optimized conditions.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Samples of natural clay composed by kaolinite, illite, goethite and quartz, were calcinated and submitted to lixiviation with citrate and chloridric acid in order to remove iron. Investigation due to extraction consequences was carried cut by analyzing its acid properties using ammonia gas as probe in infrared spectrophotometry analysis. The sample that were treated with citrate followed by acid lixiviation yield materials twice more acid than samples treated with acid only.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Cation exchange capabilities of a Brazilian natural zeolite, identified as scolecite, were evaluated for application in wastewater control. We investigated the process of sorption of chromium(III), nickel(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II) in synthetic aqueous effluents, including adsorption isotherms of single-metal solutions. The natural zeolite showed the ability to take up the tested heavy metals in the order Cr(III) > Cd(II) > Ni(II) > Mn(II), and this could be related to the valence and the hydration radius of the metal cations. The influence of temperature (25, 40 and 60 ºC) and initial pH value (from 4 to 6) was also evaluated. It was found that the adsorption increased substantially when the temperature was raised to 60 ºC and that maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 6. These results demonstrate that scolecite can be used for removal of heavy metals from aqueous effluents, under optimized conditions.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The present study consists in evaluating the NaX zeolite efficiency in removing Cu2+ from aqueous solutions, for future use of NaX in removing metals from wastewaters. The experiments were performed in batch systems (with shaking and continous stirring) and for different time intervals (1 to 24 h). Three particle sizes were employed: < 850 µm, 850 µm - 1 mm and 3 mm. It has been concluded that it is possible to employ the NaX zeolite for metal removal and the particle size plays an important role in the adsorption process. Specifically, NaX zeolites of smaller particle size achieved the maximum adsorption capacity of 152.36 mg of Cu2+/g of zeolite at pH = 4.5.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The tanning process in the leather industry generates very high quantities of chromium-containing solid waste ("wet blue" leather). Environmental concerns and escalating landfill-costs are becoming increasingly serious problems for the leather industry and an alternative disposal is needed. In this work, we are presenting a novel application for this solid waste, which is the removal of organic contaminants from aqueous-solution. The adsorption isotherm of "wet blue" leather waste from the AUREA tanning company in Erechim-RS (Brazil) showed that this material presents high adsorption capacities of the reactive textile dyes.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work the adsorption features of zeolites (NaY, Beta, Mordenite and ZSM-5) have been combined with the magnetic properties of iron oxides in a composite to produce a magnetic adsorbent. These magnetic composites can be used as adsorbents for contaminants in water and subsequently removed from the medium by a simple magnetic process. The magnetic zeolites were characterized by XRD, magnetization measurements, chemical analyses, N2 adsorption isotherms and Mössbauer spectroscopy. These magnetic adsorbents show remarkable adsorption capacity for metal ion contaminants in water.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper summarizes the result of a degradation test of two azo-reactive dyes (Reactive Blue 214, Reactive Red 243) under UV irradiation in the presence of H2O2. Five different doses of hydrogen peroxide (0 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM and 30 mM) at constant initial concentration of the substrate (100 mg/L) were used. The radiation source were three 15 W-lamps. Complete destruction of the color of the solutions was attained in 40-50 min of irradiation. UV/H2O2 proved capable of complete discoloration and degradation of the above azo reactive dyes.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Considerable attention has been paid to chitosan and derivatives as efficient adsorbents of pollutants such as metal ions and dyes in aqueous medium. Nevertheless, no report can be found on the remedial actions of chitosan microspheres crosslinked with tripolyphosphate to control acidity, iron (III) and manganese (II) contents in wastewaters from coal mining. In this work, chitosan microspheres crosslinked with tripolyphosphate were used for the neutralization of acidity and removal of Fe (III) and Mn (II) from coal mining wastewaters. The study involved static and dinamic methods. The neutralization capacity of the surface of the static system was 395 mmol of H3O+ per kilogram of microspheres, higher than that of the dynamic one (223 mmol kg-1). The removal of Fe(III) in wastewater was of 100% and that of Mn(II) was 90%.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Copper content is of great concern among sugarcane-spirit producers. It is released from copper-made distillers, during the distillation process. Activated carbon has been used to remove copper. However, depending on the amount of carbon and the duration of reaction, it can also remove higher alcohols and esters, which are important in the final product. A sugarcane spirit with 9 mg L-1 of copper was shaken with 2 to 26 g L-1 of activated carbon, during 10 to 1440 minutes. Then, copper and organic compounds were measured. At least 12 g L-1 of carbon and 60 min shaking time were necessary to decrease copper bellow 5 mg L-1. However, other components of the product were also affected.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work a method was developed for removing metallic ions from wastewaters by co-precipitation of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+ and Hg2+ with chitosan and sodium hydroxide solution. Solutions of these metallic ions in the range from 0.55 to 2160 mg L-1 were added to chitosan dissolved in 0.05 mol L-1 HCl. For the co-precipitation of metal-chitosan-hydroxide a 0.17 mol L-1 NaOH solution was added until pH 8.5-9.5. A parallel study was carried out applying a 0.17 mol L-1 NaOH solution to precipitate those metallic ions. Also, a chitosan solid phase column was used for removing those metallic ions from wastewaters.