Repurposing of antiparasitic drugs: the hydroxy-naphthoquinone buparvaquone inhibits vertical transmission in the pregnant neosporosis mouse model.

The three anti-malarial drugs artemiside, artemisone, and mefloquine, and the naphthoquinone buparvaquone known to be active against theileriosis in cattle and Leishmania infections in rodents, were assessed for activity against Neospora caninum infection. All four compounds inhibited the proliferation of N. caninum tachyzoites in vitro with IC50 in the sub-micromolar range, but artemisone and buparvaquone were most effective (IC50 = 3 and 4.9 nM, respectively). However, in a neosporosis mouse model for cerebral infection comprising Balb/c mice experimentally infected with the virulent isolate Nc-Spain7, the three anti-malarial compounds failed to exhibit any activity, since treatment did not reduce the parasite burden in brains and lungs compared to untreated controls. Thus, these compounds were not further evaluated in pregnant mice. On the other hand, buparvaquone, shown earlier to be effective in reducing the parasite load in the lungs in an acute neosporosis disease model, was further assessed in the pregnant mouse model. Buparvaquone efficiently inhibited vertical transmission in Balb/c mice experimentally infected at day 7 of pregnancy, reduced clinical signs in the pups, but had no effect on cerebral infection in the dams. This demonstrates proof-of-concept that drug repurposing may lead to the discovery of an effective compound against neosporosis that can protect offspring from vertical transmission and disease.

The economics of reducing the county road system: three case studies in Iowa. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of University Research, Washington, D.C.

The informational load of highway guide signs. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Reducing the cost of Pentagon travel processing : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, March 28, 1995.

Shipping list no.: 95-0289-P.

Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage : state-of-the-art and practice report /

"Update [of] the third edition of the FEMA 74 report, Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage--A Practical Guide, issued by FEMA in 1994."--P. iii.

Design methods for reducing the risk of progressive collapse in buildings /

Errata sheet at end.

Improving the distribution and reducing the magnitude of pavement damage /

Mode of access: Internet.

Kids can't buy'em here : a report on reducing the sale of tobacco to youth /

Title from cover.

Reducing the incidence of inappropriate drug therapy and drug costs in long-term care facilities /

Research conducted in cooperation with the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dept. of Pharmacy Practice.

Geodaesia, or, The art of surveying and measuring land made easy : shewing by plain and practical rules, to survey, protract, cast up, reduce or divide any piece of land whatsoever : with new tables for the ease of the surveyor in reducing the measure of land : moreover a more facile and sure way of surveying by the chain, than has hitherto been taught. As also to lay out new lands in America, or elsewhere: and how to make a perfect map of a river's mouth or harbour; with several other things never before published in our language.

Mode of access: Internet.

Policies for reducing the current-account deficit.

Mode of access: Internet.

Amending the Coastwise Load Line Act, 1935, as amended. Executive hearing before the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Seventy-seventh Congress, first session, on H. R. 4988, a bill to amend section 2 of the Act of August 27, 1935, as amended June 11, 1941.

Printed for the use of the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

Reducing the federal budget : strategies and examples, fiscal years 1982-1986 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Federal aid for education. Hearings before the Committee on education and labor, U. S. Senate, 79th Congress, 1st session, on S. 181, a bill to authorize the appropriation of funds to assist the states and territories in more adequately financing their systems of public education during emergency, and in reducing the inequalities of educational opportunities through public elementary and secondary schools...

James E. Murray, chairman.