Aproximação entre civis e militares com a criação do Ministério da Defesa

O objetivo desta dissertação é constatar o nível de relacionamento entre civis e militares, antes e depois da criação do Ministério da Defesa, em 1999. Inicialmente descreve-se sobre o surgimento de cada Força Armada e verifica-se que Marinha do Brasil e Exército Brasileiro, nos anos 1820, foram criados por necessidade de segurança e defesa ao País, mas obtidas por iniciativa e vontade do povo. A Aeronáutica, nos 1940, originou-se da junção dos segmentos aeronáuticos da Marinha e do Exército. Constata-se que a sociedade não se envolve, como deveria, nas questões de segurança e defesa nacionais, muito menos durante e após o período dos Governos Militares. Percebe-se que esta apatia, por parte da sociedade, com o tema tem várias explicações. Há falta de informações sobre o assunto. Passados mais de vinte anos de os Governos Militares, a ferida ainda custa para ser cicatrizada e o estreitamento desejado, entre civis e militares, é questão a ser estudada. Após a criação do Ministério da Defesa, constatou-se que, de alguma forma, houve aproximação entre civis e militares. Inclusive na troca de conhecimentos. Houve conferências, simpósios, encontros, reuniões sobre as questões de defesa, e documentos de alto nível foram estudados e elaborados por civis e militares. A revisão da Política de Defesa Nacional, a elaboração da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa e os estudos para a confecção do Livro Branco de Defesa Nacional são exemplos que confirmam esta aproximação. Antes da existência do Ministério da Defesa isso não acontecia. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a criação do Ministério da Defesa como possível ponto de inflexão na participação da sociedade nos assuntos de Defesa e a aproximação entre civis e militares.

Adequando práticas e modelos de gestão bem sucedidos ao Programa Netuno: a implementação do balanced scorecard

Há tempo busca-se um aperfeiçoamento do aparelho estatal no Brasil e, ao longo dos anos. os governos que se sucedem no poder vêm buscando alternativas para melhorar a eficiência do Estado. Mais recentemente, no Governo do Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, foi instituído o Programa Nacional de Gestão Pública e Desburocratização (Gespública), que incentiva órgãos públicos a implementarem sistemas de gestão, participando de um processo de avaliação com premiações para as melhores práticas gerenciais voltadas à qualidade dos serviços aos cidadãos. No âmbito da Marinha do Brasil o Programa foi adaptado às peculiaridade da Força e nasceu, assim, o Programa Netuno que visa à institucionalização de boas práticas de gestão, permitindo que as organizações da Marinha do Brasil busquem a melhoria contínua dos processos inerentes a suas atividades. Uma das ferramentas que se pretende incorporar ao Programa é o Balanced Scorecard, geralmente utilizado na gestão estratégica e na avaliação do desempenho de organizações. Portanto, com a finalidade de contribuir para o aprimoramento da eficiência da gestão das Organizações Militares da Marinha do Brasil, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as vantagens, desvantagens e dificuldades da implementação do Modelo de Gestão Balanced Scorecard (BSC), tomando como base as experiências bem sucedidas de outras organizações da iniciativa privada e pública, bem como do Exército Brasileiro, que já implementaram e utilizam o modelo.

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment

Alfabetizar crianças na escola pública: fazeres docentes em discussão

The most recent data of the Brazilian Test (BRAZIL, 2005) and of the SAEB (BRAZIL, 2007) have reaffirmed the serious situation of the Brazilian public school, where great part of the students, after to conclude 4º year of basic education, does not present minimum knowledge of reading and writing. In this picture, the situation of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose students had presented, in the last evaluation is particularly difficult, the worse performances of the country, in this area. The data also discloses that the failure pertaining to school, closely tied with the failure in the literacy, not only remains, as takes other aspects. In consequence of this picture, the literacy, even so widely argued in the last few decades, still instigates inquiries, as it is the case of this work. Our study got shaped due to reflections, as much to the theorizations to which we had access, as of the emergent questions of ours pedagogical practice. Through the past three decades, the studies in the area of literacy with the purpose to understand the constituent nature of the process, its aspects and its determinative ones has been intensified. The produced knowledge has contributed for the overcoming of the reductionist form as if it thought/thinks, in some contexts - this process. Such statements impel them to reflect concerning what is happening in the school, limiting or making possible the pertaining to school success. With these concerns, we delimit, as focus of study, the teaching action, having the following stunning question: What to make professors, in the context of the public school, to propitiate or hinder the process of literacy of the children? In this direction, our object of study is to make them professors who can propitiate or hinder the process of literacy of the children, in the context of the public school. The objective work to investigate, from practical of professors the teachers, that to make professors related to the literacy process - they can propitiate or hinder the learning of the written language, for the pupils of the public school, at the beginning of the school process. The work if inscribes in the qualitative boarding of research and if it configures as a case study, with characteristics of Research-Action, inspired by the following principles: authenticity and commitment and systematic restitution. For the retraction of the data, they had been used: half-structuralized interview; participant comment; meeting of studies and reflection; register in daily of field. We define as locus of study, a school of public net and, more specifically, a group of the initial years of school process that integrates the cycle of literacy . Of the five invited teachers, only one demonstrated interest in participating of the work. Its group of first year of the First Cycle of basic education is composed for 34 children, with ages between six the nine years. The data constructed by means of the described procedures, as well as its analysis, make possible to identify, between the many aspects and to make that they compose the pedagogical dynamics in the context of classroom, the following categories to make articulated with the literacy process: 1. To make of practical the relative ones to the planning, understood as To make relative: 1,1 distribution of the time-space/routine; 1.2 to the didactic activities and/or sequences and teaching interventions; 1.3 to the organization/election of the contents; 1.4 to the materials/didactic resources and 1.5 to the evaluation. 2. To make relative to the interaction professor-pupil, systemize in: 2.1 attention to the diversity; 2.2 to the affectivity. These to make, in the form as if materialized in the practical one observed, had been reflected, jointly with the teacher, as constituting parts of obstacles to a perspective of literacy. By means of the sharing of the reflections, anchored in theoretical conceptions concerning the practical one of teach-learning and, more specifically, of literacy, we register indications of new meanings of these to make on the part of the teacher in conducting them as providers of learning of its pupils, first purpose of its teaching performance. This finishing, possible synthesis at this moment is, therefore, point of fond and departure for new studies

Práticas educativas e integralidade na saúde da família: um estudo etnográfico

Primary Health Care, especially in the family health strategy, it is expected that the joint assistance and actions of health promotion. The Ministry of health (BRAZIL, 2007) defines health education as an eyeshadow strategy of prevention and health promotion, based on reflective practices, which allow the user to their condition of historical, social and political subject, under the vision of an expanded clinic on the part of health professionals. In this sense, there are guidelines for it professionals to develop educational activities and that they can interfere in the health/disease process of the population, with a view to the development of autonomy of the subject. This research had as objective to understand in the light of the integrality of the care, as is the production of health education practices, within the framework of the family health strategy from ethnographic study in a family health unit (USF). The location of the research was the unit of USF Felipe Camarão II in West Health District, in the city of Natal, RN, Brazil, selected from preliminary mapping of educational practices deployed in units of health of the family of this municipality, based on criteria such as time-to-deployment of USF and sustainability of existing actions. Immersion in the field consisted of participant observation with journaling, held during the period of August 2012 to January 2013, in which she accompanied team work processes in clinical-welfare actions on the USF, in households and in educational activities of group character. The results presented in ethnographic description were analyzed based on the axes proposed by Ayres (2009) for identification of integrality in health practices:the axis of the needs; the axis of the purposes; the joint axis; and the axis of the interactionsThe evidence described from observation point the presence of each axle up health education practices developed by the teams, even incipient form, namely: articulation and appreciation of knowledge and practices of popular culture with local initiatives (Pastoril do Peixe Boi Encantado, Auto de Natal e Grupo Terapia e Arte); Clinical integration with health promotion actions and coordination of multidisciplinary knowledge, with professional-user link (course for pregnant women). However, a few challenges were identified to be faced in order to move forward in these practices in integral care: the need to break with the fragmentation of actions; strengthening teamwork; need for greater sustainability policy of collective actions; intersectoral work aimed at a better role of the State in the face of the health-disease process, adding to the action of individuals.The analysis produced from observation of the processes experienced indicates the need for a better recognition of local managers that actions similar to those that occur in the USF Felipe Camarão II enable advances in completeness as allows inclusion of actors involved in the processes of health work, and stimulate participation and shared responsibility in the fight for health-disease situations

As chuvas no estado do Tocantins: distribuição geográfica e gênese das variações rítmicas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O sistema estuarino do Delta do São Francisco-SE: análise ambiental com base no estudo de foraminíferos e tecamebas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da extração de areia no trecho livre do canal do alto curso do Rio Paraná, entre os municípios de Guaíra e Marilena (PR): impactos ambientais e aplicabilidade

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Composição e abundância dos Copepoda (crustacea) planctônicos da costa do Amapá - Op. Norte IV (REVIZEE/SCORE NO)

A caracterização da composição de Copepoda planctônicos, na costa do Amapá foi estudada, a partir de amostras coletadas através do programa REVIZEE, durante a Operação Norte IV, em 2001, realizada pelo navio Oceanográfico “Antares”, pertencente à Marinha do Brasil (H-40). A área estudada está inserida na ZEE Norte brasileiro no trecho entre o Cabo Orange e o Delta do rio Parnaíba, enquadrando-se nas seguintes coordenadas geográficas, LAT. 02º 25,92’N e LONG. 049º11,98’W (est. 102); LAT. 03º36,14’N e LONG. 048º24,71’W (est. 107); LAT. 05º32,39’N e LONG. 050º13,11’W (est.130); LAT. 04º23,64’N e LONG. 051º02,58’W (est.134). As coletas foram realizadas através de arrastos verticais com rede de zooplâncton, com malha de 200 μm, dotadas de fluxômetro. Após as coletas, as amostras foram fixadas com formol neutro a 4 %. Também foram coletados os fatores hidrológicos, onde a temperatura da água variou de 23, 72 ºC a 28,87 ºC na plataforma continental, enquanto na região oceânica variou de 12,69 ºC a 28,87 ºC. A salinidade, na plataforma continental, variou 24,00 PSU a 36,42 PSU, e na região oceânica a variação foi de 33,98 PSU a 36,62 PSU. A costa do Amapá foi considerado um ambiente estável, devido as poucas variações de salinidade e temperatura. Foram identificadas 84 espécies de Copepoda, das quais, destacaram-se como as mais freqüentes, Clausocalanus furcatus, Oithona setigera, Paracalanus parvus, Macrosetella gracilis, Oncaea media, Corycaeus speciosus, Farranula gracilis, Subeucalanus pileatus e Paracalanus sp. As altas densidades e dominância ocorreram para as espécies, Nannocalanus minor, Corycaeus (Corycaeus) speciosus, Clausocalanus furcalocalanus pavo, Paracalanus parvus, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Oithona setigera, Macrosetella gracilis, Farranula gracilis, Subcalanus pileatus, Euterpina acutifrons e Oncaea media, consideradas como indicadoras de oligotrofia na área estudada. Dentre estas, a espécie Subeucalanus pileatus foi a que mais se destacou, a qual ocorreu na maioria das estações. A diversidade foi considerada alta na maioria das estações, exceto na estação 127 (considerada baixa), por estar sendo influenciada pela pluma amazônica. Enquanto, a densidade apresentou resultados menores que 100 org.m-³ indicando a região oceânica como um ambiente oligotrófico, e apesar disso, a comunidade de Copepoda encontra-se em grande diversidade na área.

Análise de ocorrências dos impactos pluviais na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP)

The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

Mapeamento da ilha da Trindade, Atlântico Sul

The area chosen for this study is the island of Trinidade, which is located 1167 km off the Brazilian coast, in parallel Victory at 20 ° 30'S and 29 º 19'W, being the most easterly point of our continent. The isolation of oceanic island of Trinidade leaves no noticeable that she is part of a large submarine volcanic chain oriented east-west lineament known as Vitória- Trindade. Along with the island of Martin Vaz, who is Federal Territory is administered by the Navy of Brazil. Both correspond to Source alkaline volcanic islands. The area of the island of Trinidad has approximately 10 km2. Geologically consisting ankaratritic spills, spills tannbuschiticos, volcanic tuff spills analcite-ankaratrite, phonolite spills, spills nefelinite, pyroclastics, spills grazinite, tinguaitos, olivine-analcitito, calcarenite dunes and wind according to Almeida (1961). The island has its base on the ocean floor, at 5,800 m depth. It is the only place still recognizes preserved volcanic necks and plugs, as well as remnants of a volcano in Brazil. Magmatism occurred here a sodium alkali-silica subsaturated where his wrist was last 50,000 years according to Almeida (1961). It is a place with restricted access due to their distance from the coast, his contribution and hard to be an exclusive area of the Navy. On the island with peaks occur up to 620 meters high, and its rugged mountainous terrain and difficult access to very specific points, as the peak of Desire, peak Fazendinha, Monument and other points on the island. Because of its location far from the coast, its small infrastructure, difficulty of landing and restricted access by sea, the island of Trinidad offers no possibility of tourism, being a military outpost, and scientific basis of great importance, which conduct research in area of marine biology, oceanography, geology and others

Dinâmica pluvial e turismo em Corumbataí - SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Effects of low-salinity and high-turbidity waters one mpirical ocean colour algorithms: an example for Southwestern Atlantic waters

The spectral reflectance of the sea surface recorded using ocean colour satellite sensors has been used to estimate chlorophyll-a concentrations for decades. However, in bio-optically complex coastal waters, these estimates are compromised by the presence of several other coloured components besides chlorophyll, especially in regions affected by low-salinity waters. The present work aims to (a) describe the influence of the freshwater plume from the La Plata River on the variability of in situ remote sensing reflectance and (b) evaluate the performance of operational ocean colour chlorophyll algorithms applied to Southwestern Atlantic waters, which receive a remarkable seasonal contribution from La Plata River discharges. Data from three oceanographic cruises are used, in addition to a historical regional bio-optical dataset. Deviations found between measured and estimated concentrations of chlorophyll-a are examined in relation to surface water salinity and turbidity gradients to investigate the source of errors in satellite estimates of pigment concentrations. We observed significant seasonal variability in surface reflectance properties that are strongly driven by La Plata River plume dynamics and arise from the presence of high levels of inorganic suspended solids and coloured dissolved materials. As expected, existing operational algorithms overestimate the concentration of chlorophyll-a, especially in waters of low salinity (S<33.5) and high turbidity (Rrs(670)>0.0012 sr−1). Additionally, an updated version of the regional algorithm is presented, which clearly improves the chlorophyll estimation in those types of coastal environment. In general, the techniques presented here allow us to directly distinguish the bio-optical types of waters to be considered in algorithm studies by the ocean colour community.