O direito à natureza na cidade: ideologias e práticas na história

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Raio que o parta! assimilações do modernismo nos anos 50 e 60 do século xx e seu apagamento em Belém (PA)

Este trabalho é fruto de pesquisas que vem sendo desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório de Memória e Patrimônio Cultural (LAMEMO) da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Pará acerca da arquitetura não-erudita presente no Estado do Pará em meados do século XX, que emprestou elementos do modernismo para compor o que se conhece hoje por “Raio que o parta” (RQP), contemplando sua análise historiográfica a partirdos estudos já realizados sobre o assunto e a caracterização das tipologias presentes nas fachadas de residências de três bairros: Cidade Velha, Umarizal e Telégrafo. Nos três locais, é possível observar uma quantidade considerável de exemplares, embora cada um apresente um contexto distinto. Na Cidade Velha, casas com essa característica são frequentes, fato curioso por se tratar de uma área onde dominam as construções ecléticas e tombadas por órgãos do patrimônio histórico. No Umarizal, apesar de sensíveis modificações de seu estrato social e da especulação ao longo de sua história, é dos três bairros o que apresenta maior número de casas, mas também alto número de apagamentos. A quantidade de exemplares e a caracterização popular nas fachadas também justificam a escolha pelo terceiro recorte, o bairro do Telégrafo, onde encontramos o maior índice de renovação arquitetônica que provoca o desaparecimento das linhas RQP. Usando ferramentas como a Etnografia de Rua e a análise semiótica de fachadas, identificamos 90 casas com traços Raio que o parta, levando em consideração a relação do morador/proprietário com as mesmas, no que diz respeito aos condicionantespara sua remoção/apagamento e considerando aspectos como anseios demodernização da residência ou juízo de valor cambiante, identificados por Riegl (2006).

Estudo da distribuição espacial dos condomínios horizontais fechados e loteamentos fechados na cidade de Rio Claro-SP

In Brazil, the proliferation phenomenon of gated communities and land lots had its origins in big cities, such as Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, since 1970. The implementation of these types of intramural housing are done in expanding are as of the city, based on the availability of bigger lots, lower land prices, and the search for are as closer to nature. The gated communities and land lots that, initially, had their architecture only accessible to the higher social classes, as a second home alternative away from urban problems, nowadays they can be reached by other social classes as well. Gated communities and land lots find their way to the center of larger cities, sustained mostly by the speech of real state entrepreneurs, and by its social “status”, a new emerging characteristic of this time period. The expansion of gated communities and land lots also change the cities lands cape and social spatial configuration. This work, therefore, attends the localization of gated communities and land lots spread out in the city of Rio Claro. It analyzes the scale in which the dynamics of the city’s urban expansion influenced the current distribution of these types of housing

O desenvolvimento do mercado imobiliário e a abertura de capital desse setor no Brasil

This paper aims to present a study on the development of the real state market in Brazil. The analysis starts from the historical perspective, since the establishment of bases in that market until today's perspective, initial public offering of real state companies. In addition to this analysis, is also intended to discuss the several forms of financing real estate currently available in the Brazilian real estate market. Finally, and perhaps the most important part, analyze the IPO of 15 companies in the industry, held in 2007, notably through comparative graphical analysis, noting the factors that influence stock returns of these companies

Análise comparativa do mercado imobiliário em Cidades Médias: a oferta de apartamentos, casas e terrenos urbanos em Campina Grande – PB, Mossoró – RN e Passo Fundo – RS

This presente monograph propose the analysis and discussion of the production of urban space and the processes of their structuring intraurbana from the dynamics of the real estate market into three Medium-sized Cities, Campina Grande - PB, Mossoró - RN and Passo Fundo - RS, whereas the various agents producing this space, in a comparative perspective. From this urban dynamic search to analyze the processes and relations present in these spaces, which are important for its production. From the compilation of real estate advertisements in local newspapers, are analyzed offerings of urban land, houses and apartments in each one of these cities by highlighting their locations and differentiated prices. Thus, working with data from real estate ads from the period 1995 - 2010 and a comparative perspective of the characteristics of real estate markets of three medium-sized cities, it tried to apprehend processes that are common between them and other individuals, to each one. Therefore the comparative analysis developed in this monograph sought to verify whether there are similarities between the cities in relation to the trends of concentration/spatial dispersion of bids and movements throughout time, in addition to a further intensification of the activities of real estate agents in face of such trends and offerings. In addition, we sought to remove a set of problematization that allow them to understand with more acute, in this set of medium cities of Brazilian urban network, processes of change that is already being discussed in the recent period by ReCiMe.

A financeirização da moradia e o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida

This paper has it is hypotesis on the government program “My Home, My Life” and the assumption that it is a public politic attached to the market logic of financialization of the housing. It is understood that this program encourage capital for the main constructors and incorporated of brazilian heritage elite. It also served as well to promote more rentability to international capital and intensified the sociospacial segregration process as real state speculation has been potencialized. This work aims to present and discuss the program contradictions that have been sustained on the speech of wide subsidy offer and habitance construcution for low income workers - month income until three minimum salaries. Documents have shown that in the first phase of the program, habitance construction for this sector of population corresponded only to 5,5% of total habitation deficit. Businessmen on residance civil construction and public politic representatives have confirmed that the program interests are linked to financial market logic.The real benefits are not for low income workers, but for real state agents through extraordinaty profits of land and the so called new medium workers class(worker class C).We will search for embasement on the country history through the different governments and housing policies, in value theory and the concept of land income to understand the financialization process of the housing. We will also analyse oficial documents and the agents speech involved in real state market to show program contradictions and whose the real benefts are for

Produção do Espaço Urbano e Dinâmica Imobiliária em Cidades Médias: os casos de Presidente Prudente (SP), São José do Rio Preto (SP) e Lleida (ESP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Land Use and Transfer Plans in the U.S. Great Plains

In the next decades, aging farmers in the United States will make decisions that affect almost 1 billion acres of land. The future of this land will become more uncertain as farm transfer becomes more difficult, potentially changing the structure of agriculture through farm consolidation, changes in farm ownership and management, or taking land out of production. The Great Plains Population and Environment Project interviewed farmers and their spouses between 1997 and 1999. Farm Family Survey participants were ambiguous about their plans to leave farming, transfer land to others, and even long-term land use, largely due to concerns about the continued economic viability of farming. Participants living far from metropolitan areas expected to sell or rent to other farmers, while those near residential real-estate markets expected to sell to developers. Delays in planning for retirement and succession were common, further threatening the success of intergenerational transitions.

Produção do Espaço Urbano e Dinâmica Imobiliária em Cidades Médias: os casos de Presidente Prudente (SP), São José do Rio Preto (SP) e Lleida (ESP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

La conformación del mercado, la evolución de los precios y los efectos de la privatización de la tierra pública durante la expansión de la frontera en el sureste cordobés

En este artículo se analizan la conformación del mercado y los precios de la tierra del departamento Unión de la provincia de Córdoba, entre 1860 y 1880. Por una parte, se revisan los instrumentos desplegados por el Estado para llevar adelante la privatización del suelo y cómo se manifestaron en los valores de la tierra pública, la evolución que mostraron durante el período abarcado y la relación que tuvieron con las condiciones de venta de esos inmuebles. Por la otra, el seguimiento se practica sobre las tierras negociadas entre los particulares. Un primer nivel de análisis corresponde al precio medio anual. A través de este indicador se busca identificar las principales tendencias que mostró a lo largo de los años indagados. Luego, se profundiza el estudio mediante la descomposición del conjunto de los inmuebles en dos categorías: estancias y terrenos. Estos últimos, a su vez, se subdividieron en tres grupos de acuerdo con la superficie de cada uno y en relación con su posible destino económico

La conformación del mercado, la evolución de los precios y los efectos de la privatización de la tierra pública durante la expansión de la frontera en el sureste cordobés

En este artículo se analizan la conformación del mercado y los precios de la tierra del departamento Unión de la provincia de Córdoba, entre 1860 y 1880. Por una parte, se revisan los instrumentos desplegados por el Estado para llevar adelante la privatización del suelo y cómo se manifestaron en los valores de la tierra pública, la evolución que mostraron durante el período abarcado y la relación que tuvieron con las condiciones de venta de esos inmuebles. Por la otra, el seguimiento se practica sobre las tierras negociadas entre los particulares. Un primer nivel de análisis corresponde al precio medio anual. A través de este indicador se busca identificar las principales tendencias que mostró a lo largo de los años indagados. Luego, se profundiza el estudio mediante la descomposición del conjunto de los inmuebles en dos categorías: estancias y terrenos. Estos últimos, a su vez, se subdividieron en tres grupos de acuerdo con la superficie de cada uno y en relación con su posible destino económico

La conformación del mercado, la evolución de los precios y los efectos de la privatización de la tierra pública durante la expansión de la frontera en el sureste cordobés

En este artículo se analizan la conformación del mercado y los precios de la tierra del departamento Unión de la provincia de Córdoba, entre 1860 y 1880. Por una parte, se revisan los instrumentos desplegados por el Estado para llevar adelante la privatización del suelo y cómo se manifestaron en los valores de la tierra pública, la evolución que mostraron durante el período abarcado y la relación que tuvieron con las condiciones de venta de esos inmuebles. Por la otra, el seguimiento se practica sobre las tierras negociadas entre los particulares. Un primer nivel de análisis corresponde al precio medio anual. A través de este indicador se busca identificar las principales tendencias que mostró a lo largo de los años indagados. Luego, se profundiza el estudio mediante la descomposición del conjunto de los inmuebles en dos categorías: estancias y terrenos. Estos últimos, a su vez, se subdividieron en tres grupos de acuerdo con la superficie de cada uno y en relación con su posible destino económico

Desarrollo de un modelo de formación del valor inmobiliario en áreas de crecimiento suburbano. Aplicación a la comarca de la Vega Baja del Segura en el litoral alicantino

Una de las principales líneas de investigación de la economía urbana es el comportamiento del mercado inmobiliario y sus relaciones con la estructura territorial. Dentro de este contexto, la reflexión sobre el significado del valor urbano, y abordar su variabilidad, constituye un tema de especial importancia, dada la relevancia que ha supuesto y supone la actividad inmobiliaria en España. El presente estudio ha planteado como principal objetivo la identificación de aquellos factores, ligados a la localización que explican la formación del valor inmobiliario y justifican su variabilidad. Definir este proceso precisa de una evaluación a escala territorial estableciendo aquellos factores de carácter socioeconómico, medioambiental y urbanístico que estructuran el desarrollo urbano, condicionan la demanda de inmuebles y, por tanto, los procesos de formación de su valor. El análisis se centra en valores inmobiliarios residenciales localizados en áreas litorales donde la presión del sector turístico ha impulsado un amplio. Para ello, el ámbito territorial seleccionado como objeto de estudio se sitúa en la costa mediterránea española, al sur de la provincia de Alicante, la comarca de la Vega Baja del Segura. La zona, con una amplia diversidad ecológica y paisajística, ha mantenido históricamente una clara distinción entre espacio urbano y espacio rural. Esta dicotomía ha cambiado drásticamente en las últimas décadas, experimentándose un fuerte crecimiento demográfico y económico ligado a los sectores turístico e inmobiliario, aspectos que han tenido un claro reflejo en los valores inmobiliarios. Este desarrollo de la comarca es un claro ejemplo de la política expansionista de los mercados de suelo que ha tenido lugar en la costa española en las dos últimas décadas y que derivado en la regeneración de un amplio tejido suburbano. El conocimiento del marco territorial ha posibilitado realizar un análisis de variabilidad espacial mediante un tratamiento masivo de datos, así como un análisis econométrico que determina los factores que se valoran positivamente y negativamente por el potencial comprador. Estas relaciones permiten establecer diferentes estructuras matemáticas basadas en los modelos de precios hedónicos, que permiten identificar rasgos diferenciales en los ámbitos económico, social y espacial y su incidencia en el valor inmobiliario. También se ha sistematizado un proceso de valoración territorial a través del análisis del concepto de vulnerabilidad estructural, entendido como una situación de fragilidad debida a circunstancias tanto sociales como económicas, tanto actual como de tendencia en el futuro. Actualmente, esta estructura de demanda de segunda residencia y servicios ha mostrado su fragilidad y ha bloqueado el desarrollo económico de la zona al caer drásticamente la inversión en el sector inmobiliario por la crisis global de la deuda. El proceso se ha agravado al existir un tejido industrial marginal al que no se ha derivado inversiones importantes y un abandono progresivo de las explotaciones agropecuarias. El modelo turístico no sería en sí mismo la causa del bloqueo del desarrollo económico comarcal, sino la forma en que se ha implantado en la Costa Blanca, con un consumo del territorio basado en el corto plazo, poco respetuoso con aspectos paisajísticos y medioambientales, y sin una organización territorial global. Se observa cómo la vinculación entre índices de vulnerabilidad y valor inmobiliario no es especialmente significativa, lo que denota que las tendencias futuras de fragilidad no han sido incorporadas a la hora de establecer los precios de venta del producto inmobiliario analizado. El valor muestra una clara dependencia del sistema de asentamiento y conservación de las áreas medioambientales y un claro reconocimiento de tipologías propias del medio rural aunque vinculadas al sector turístico. En la actualidad, el continuo descenso de la demanda turística ha provocado una clara modificación en la estructura poblacional y económica. Al incorporar estas modificaciones a los modelos especificados podemos comprobar un verdadero desmoronamiento de los valores. Es posible que el remanente de vivienda construida actualmente vaya dirigido a un potencial comprador que se encuentra en retroceso y que se vincula a unos rasgos territoriales ya no existentes. Encontrar soluciones adaptables a la oferta existente, implica la viabilidad de renovación del sistema poblacional o modificaciones a nivel económico. La búsqueda de respuestas a estas cuestiones señala la necesidad de recanalizar el desarrollo, sin obviar la potencialidad del ámbito. SUMMARY One of the main lines of research regarding the urban economy focuses on the behavior of the real estate market and its relationship to territorial structure. Within this context, one of the most important themes involves considering the significance of urban property value and dealing with its variability, particularly given the significant role of the real estate market in Spain, both in the past and present. The main objective of this study is to identify those factors linked to location, which explain the formation of property values and justify their variability. Defining this process requires carrying out an evaluation on a territorial scale, establishing the socioeconomic, environmental and urban planning factors that constitute urban development and influence the demand for housing, thereby defining the processes by which their value is established. The analysis targets residential real estate values in coastal areas where pressure from the tourism industry has prompted large-scale transformations. Therefore, the focal point of this study is an area known as Vega Baja del Segura, which is located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast in southern Alicante (province). Characterized by its scenic and ecological diversity, this area has historically maintained a clear distinction between urban and rural spaces. This dichotomy has drastically changed in past decades due to the large increase in population attributed to the tourism and real estate markets – factors which have had a direct effect on property values. The development of this area provides a clear example of the expansionary policies which have affected the housing market on the coast of Spain during the past two decades, resulting in a large increase in suburban development. Understanding the territorial framework has made it possible to carry out a spatial variability analysis through massive data processing, as well as an econometric analysis that determines the factors that are evaluated positively and negatively by potential buyers. These relationships enable us to establish different mathematical systems based on hedonic pricing models that facilitate the identification of differential features in the economic, social and spatial spheres, and their impact on property values. Additionally, a process for land valuation was established through an analysis of the concept of structural vulnerability, which is understood to be a fragile situation resulting from either social or economic circumstances. Currently, this demand structure for second homes and services has demonstrated its fragility and has inhibited the area’s economic development as a result of the drastic fall in investment in the real estate market, due to the global debt crisis. This process has been worsened by the existence of a marginal industrial base into which no important investments have been channeled, combined with the progressive abandonment of agricultural and fishing operations. In and of itself, the tourism model did not inhibit the area’s economic development, rather it is the result of the manner in which it was implemented on the Costa Brava, with a land consumption based on the short-term, lacking respect for landscape and environmental aspects and without a comprehensive organization of the territory. It is clear that the link between vulnerability indexes and property values is not particularly significant, thereby indicating that future fragility trends have not been incorporated into the problem in terms of establishing the sale prices of the analyzed real estate product in question. Urban property values are clearly dependent on the system of development and environmental conservation, as well as on a clear recognition of the typologies that characterize rural areas, even those linked to the tourism industry. Today, the continued drop in tourism demand has provoked an obvious modification in the populational and economic structures. By incorporating these changes into the specified models, we can confirm a real collapse in values. It’s possible that the surplus of already-built homes is currently being marketed to a potential buyer who is in recession and linked to certain territorial characteristics that no longer exist. Finding solutions that can be adapted to the existing offer implies the viability of renewing the population system or carrying out modifications on an economic level. The search for answers to these questions suggests the need to reform the development model, without leaving out an area’s potentiality.