1000 resultados para Railroad finance.


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Management

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In broad sense, Project Financing1 as a mean of financing large scale infrastructural projects worldwide has had a steady growth in popularity for the last 20 years. This growth has been relatively unscathed from most economic cycles. However in the wake of the 2007 systemic Financial Crisis, Project Financing was also in trouble. The liquidity freeze and credit crunch that ensued affected all parties involved. Traditional Lenders, of this type of financial instrument, locked-in long-term contractual obligations, were severely hit with scarcity of funding compounded by rapidly increasing cost of funding. All the while, Banks were “rescued” by the concerted actions of Central Banks and other Multi-Lateral Agencies around the world but at the same time “stressed” by upcoming regulatory effort (Basel Committee). This impact resulted in specific changes to this type of long-term financing. Changes such as Commercial Banks’ increased risk aversion; pricing increase and maturities decrease of credit facilities; enforcement of Market Disruption Event clauses; partial responsibility for project risk by Multilateral Agencies; and adoption of utility-like availability payments in other industrial sectors such as transportation and even social infrastructure. To the extent possible, this report is then divided in three parts. First, it begins with a more instructional part, touching academic literature (theory) and giving the Banks perspective (practice), but mostly as an overview of Project Finance for awareness’ sake. The renowned Harvard Business School professor – Benjamin Esty, states2 that Project Finance is a “relatively unexplored territory for both empirical and theoretical research” which means that academic research efforts are lagging the practice of Project Finance. Second, the report presents a practical case regarding the first Road Concession in Portugal in 1998 ending with the lessons learned 10 years after Financial Close. Lastly, the report concludes with the analysis of the current trends and changes to the industry post Financial Crisis of the late 2000’s. To achieve this I’ll reference relevant papers, books on the subject, online articles and my own experience in the Project Finance Department at a major Portuguese Investment Bank. Regarding the latter, with the signing of a confidentiality agreement, I’m duly omitting sensitive and proprietary bank information.

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Double Degree

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The Railroad Avenue groundwater contamination site (the site) is in West Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Located on approximately 120 acres. The site comprises mixed residential, industrial and commercial properties. Underneath the site, chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have contaminatcd the shallow (i.e., 30-50 feet deep) groundwater. These compounds have compromised several shallow wells within the West Des Moines water works system. A contamination source, however, has not yet been identified. In 1993, routine water analysis by the City of West Des Moines identified 1, 2 cis-dichlorocthylcne (1, 2 cis-DCE) at a concentration of 1.2 μg/L (micrograms) per liter of water) in the water supply. Subsequently. several shallow municipal wells were found to be contaminated by VOCs, including 1. 2 cis-DCE, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and benzene. Five of these wells have been taken out of service. Because of the impact on the West Des Moines water supply, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has assigned the site to the National Priorities List. Surface water und sediment at the site have not been impacted by the VOCs. Testing for VOCs in surface soils has not revealed any significant VOC contamination. Subsurface soils -- generally 8 feet or greater in depth -- are contaminated with VOCs, but at levels which should not present a health hazard. The past, present, and future health hazard category chosen for this site is no apparent public health hazard. This category is used when exposure to toxins might be occurring or might have occurrcd in the past, but at levels below any known health hazard. Analysis of available environmental data has not revealed that residental or commercial water customers are or have been exposed to VOCs at concentrations that might cause any adverse health effects.

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Contient : Abrégé chronologique des monnoies ; Dissertation sur la livre de compte ; Ferme du tabac ; Francs-fiefs ; Amortissemens ; Huitième et sixième denier ecclésiastique ; Insinuations laïques ; Controlle des actes des notaires ; Petits scels ; Cartes à jouer

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Contient : « Parties deues par le Roy à la royne d'Escosse, douairière de France » [cf. ms. français 15972, f. 35] ; « Estat de la despense fournie... par Monsieur de Beaumont, en divers voyages qu'il a faict faire exprès en Escosse..., vers Mr le baron Du Tour [Maupas], pour lui faire tenir les pacquetz de Sa Majesté... », duplicata, 1603 ; « Mémoire des sommes de deniers que la royne d'Angleterre a prestées ou desboursées pour le Roy très-chrestien », 1587-1596 ; « Mémoires touchant les traictez faicts entre les Anglois et François, pour empescher les pirateries et establir la liberté et seureté du commerce et de la navigation entre ces nations » [différents des pièces contenues dans le ms. français 15975, f. 71 et suiv.], et pièces relatives à divers actes de piraterie, états de marchandises, etc., 1559-1605 ; On remarque dans ce dossier : « Mémoire » orig. de Henri IV, « contenant la volonté du Roy sur les articles du règlement de la mer, proposez et traictez en Angleterre par le sieur de Boissize... », 1599 (f. 25), — une lettre orig. de « François Lefort » à Mr de Boissise, 1599 (f. 27), — et une lettre orig. de Henri IV au même, 1601 (f. 86) ; Pièces diverses, relatives au commerce des draps entre la France et l'Angleterre, 1600-1605