Prevalência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em mulheres profissionais do sexo, em um município do interior paulista, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalência das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em mulheres profissionais do sexo do Município de Botucatu/SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comportamentos de risco para acidentes em playgrounds: identificação e opiniões de profissionais de educação infantil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Epidemiological and oral manifestations of HIV-positive patients in a specialized service in Brazil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients attending the Specialized Service for Infectious-contagious Diseases and Parasitoses of the Health Secretariat of the State of Pará (URE-DIPE/SESPA), in the city of Belém, PA, Brazil. A total of 79 HIV-positive patients (53 males and 26 females) were examined. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done by correlating the lesions with gender, race, chronological age, risk behavior and prevailing immune status (CD4+ cells count). Lesion location and the presence of associated factors, such as alcohol use, smoking and denture wearing, were quantified individually for each type of lesion using a diagnostic pattern based on the clinical aspects. Approximately 47% of the patients (n=37) presented some type of oral lesion. Candidiasis (28%) and periodontal disease (28%) were the most common, followed by cervical-facial lymphadenopathy (17.5%). Other lesions observed were hairy leukoplakia, melanin hyperpigmentation, ulcerative stomatitis (aphthous), herpes simplex, frictional keratosis and pyogenic granuloma. This analysis presented some relevance as to the statistical data. Concerning CD4+ cells, most lesions manifested with the reduction of the CD count. There were a larger number of HIV-positive female heterosexual patients. Alcohol and/or smoking were strongly associated with the occurrence of hairy leukoplakia in these patients. Candidiasis and periodontal disease were the most common oro-regional clinical manifestations in the patients.

Investigação dos polimorfismos no éxon 1 do gene MBL (Mannose-Binding Lectin) e sua associação com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS)

No presente estudo foram investigadas as freqüências das mutações no éxon 1 do gene MBL em um grupo de 128 pacientes com Aids, 116 portadores assintomáticos da infecção pelo HIV-1, 84 mulheres soronegativas profissionais do sexo, com comportamentos de alto risco e 99 indivíduos controles soronegativos, com o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de uma possível associação entre os polimorfismos neste gene e a infecção pelo HIV-1. A identificação dos alelos MBL *A, *B, *C e *D foi realizada por meio da reação em cadeia mediada pela polimerase, utilizando sequências de iniciadores específicos e posterior digestão enzimática (RFLP). As análises das frequências alélicas e genotípicas do éxon 1 não mostraram qualquer diferença significativa entre pacientes soropositivos (assintomáticos e Aids) e soronegativos (controle e controle de alto risco) (p>0,05). Não foram observadas associações significativas entre a presença de co-infecções e as variantes alélicas. Entretanto, tuberculose, neurotoxoplasmose, candidíase, neurocriptococose e pneumonia foram as co-infecções com maior prevalência. As associações entre o número de linfócitos TCD4+, a carga viral plasmática e os polimorfismos no éxon 1 do gene MBL nos pacientes com Aids e portadores assintomáticos não foram estatisticamente significante. Desse modo, pode-se sugerir a ausência de associação entre estes polimorfismos e a susceptibilidade à infecção pelo HIV-1, destacando a necessidade de estudos adicionais para determinar se estes polimorfismos apresentam qualquer impacto associado à infecção ou a progressão para a Aids.

Prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, prática sexual de risco, uso de drogas, desempenho escolar, lazer e atividade física entre estudantes de município do interior paulista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos indiretos das aranhas Peucetia spp. (Oxyopidae) e Misumenops argenteus (Thomisidae) no sucesso reprodutivo de Trichogoniopsis adenantha (DC) (Asteraceae) e no comportamento das guildas associadas à planta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A avaliação da efetividade de um modelo de intervenção breve (método BASICS) para o uso de risco de álcool em estudantes do ensino médio

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Ações educativas sobre prevenção de acidentes infantis com professoras de educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Fatores de risco relacionados à perda de produtividade laboral e aumento dos custos ambulatoriais de pacientes atendidos por unidades básicas de saúde

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Patterns of Ecstasy Use and Associated Harm: Results of a Brazilian Online Survey

The aim of this study was to gather information about ecstasy users in Brazil, particularly on issues related to risks associated to the use of the drug, so as to offer a basis to prevention projects. A total of 1,140 Brazilian ecstasy users answered an online questionnaire from August 2004 to February 2005. Participants were predominantly young single heterosexual well-educated males from upper economical classes. A categorical regression with optimal scaling (CATREG) was performed to identify the risks associated with ecstasy use. ""Pills taken in life"" had a significant correlation with every investigated risk, particularly ecstasy dependence, unsafe sex, and polydrug use. ""Gender,"" ""sexual orientation,"" and ""socioeconomic class"" were not predictive of risk behavior. The Internet proved to be a useful tool for data collection. Given the recent increase in ecstasy availability in Brazil, a first prevention campaign directed toward the drug is urgent. At least in a preliminary Brazilian intervention, the campaign must be conducted at night leisure places, mainly frequented by youngsters from upper socioeconomic classes. The results do not call for information material with specific targets, such as gender or sexual orientation. The study`s limitations have been noted.

Circumcision and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Britain: the insertive sexual role

The objective was to examine the association between circumcision status and self-reported HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Britain who predominantly or exclusively engaged in insertive anal intercourse. In 2007-2008, a convenience sample of MSM living in Britain was recruited through websites, in sexual health clinics, bars, clubs, and other venues. Men completed an online survey which included questions on circumcision status, HIV testing, HIV status, sexual risk behavior, and sexual role for anal sex. The analysis was restricted to 1,521 white British MSM who reported unprotected anal intercourse in the previous 3 months and who said they only or mostly took the insertive role during anal sex. Of these men, 254 (16.7 %) were circumcised. Among men who had had a previous HIV test (n = 1,097), self-reported HIV seropositivity was 8.6 % for circumcised men (17/197) and 8.9 % for uncircumcised men (80/900) (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI], 0.56, 1.67). In a multivariable logistic model adjusted for known risk factors for HIV infection, there was no evidence of an association between HIV seropositivity and circumcision status (adjusted OR, 0.79; 95 % CI, 0.43, 1.44), even among the 400 MSM who engaged exclusively in insertive anal sex (adjusted OR, 0.84; 95 % CI, 0.25, 2.81). Our study provides further evidence that circumcision is unlikely to be an effective strategy for HIV prevention among MSM in Britain.

Youth population's health issues in Comal County, Texas

This study assesses adolescent's health issues in Comal County, TX. Adolescents are defined as youth between the ages of 12 to 17 years of age, who resided in Comal County during the time period of 2000 to 2007. The analysis focused on high risk behaviors including use of gateway drugs—tobacco and alcohol; illegal substance use; and reproductive health related indicators, including sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy. This study is based on the primary and secondary data collected as part of the 2008 Comal County Community Assessment. It compares findings from the primary data sources to extant data from four secondary data sources including: (1) The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (national) Healthy People 2010; (2) The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, 2007; (3) The Texas Department of State Health Services, 2000 to 2007; and The Pride Survey (Local and Statewide). The methods are drawn from the literature on "rapid epidemiologic appraisal" (Annett H. & Rifkin S. B., 1988). The study focus on corroborating the perceptions, subjective concerns, opinions and beliefs of the Comal County key stakeholders and community participants with qualitative and quantitative indicators of health and well being. The value of this approach is to inform community leaders using a public health perspective and evidence in their decisions about priority setting and resources allocation activities for prevention of high risk behaviors and promotion of adolescent health and well being. ^

Is sexual violence associated with symptoms of depression and suicide attempts

Sexual assault, depression, and suicide are all very serious issues among youth today. This study sought to quantify the association between sexual violence, symptoms of depression, and suicide attempts through the use of 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data. The YRBS is a nationally representative dataset of United States high school students, grades 9-12. It was hypothesized that sexual violence is significantly associated with symptoms of depression and suicide attempts. Through multivariate logistic regression, it was determined that students who had ever experienced forced sex were 3.10 (2.7-3.6) times as likely to be depressed, in the past 12 months, and 4.22 (3.5-5.1) times as likely to have attempted suicide. Female victims were 3.43 (2.9-4.0) times as likely to be depressed; male victims were 5.40 (3.7-7.9) times as likely to have attempted suicide. Sexual violence is significantly associated with both symptoms of depression and suicide attempt when stratified by gender, grade, and race/ethnicity. These results indicate that further study of the association between sexual violence and symptoms of depression and suicide attempts need to be conducted in order to establish temporality.^