Biologia reprodutiva de espécies simpátricas de Malpighiaceae em dunas costeiras da Bahia, Brasil

A biologia reprodutiva de cinco espécies simpátricas de Malpighiaceae foi estudada nas dunas costeiras da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil (12º56’ S e 38º20’ W), durante o período de jul./2000 a jan./2002, e jan. a mar./2003. Foram realizadas observações sobre fenologia, morfologia, biologia floral e visitantes florais. O sistema reprodutivo foi determinado através de polinizações experimentais em campo. As Malpighiaceae são hermafroditas, possuem antese diurna e alta viabilidade polínica. A floração apresenta padrão contínuo na comunidade. Os resultados das polinizações manuais indicam que Heteropterys alternifolia e Byrsonima spp. são auto-incompatíveis e Stigmaphyllon paralias é autocompatível. Os principais polinizadores são abelhas da tribo Centridini e o principal recurso coletado foi o óleo. Não foi observado, na maioria das visitas, o uso da mandíbula na pétala guia para sustentação durante a coleta de óleo.

Efeito do local de coleta nas características de sementes de capim-gordura (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.) no Distrito Federal, Brasil

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do local de coleta no índice de esterilidade, na viabilidade e na dormência de sementes de capim-gordura, uma importante gramínea invasora de áreas de proteção ambiental nos cerrados brasileiros. Sementes das cultivares Roxo e Cabelo-de-Negro foram coletadas nas seguintes unidades de conservação do Distrito Federal, Brasil: Parque Nacional de Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE e Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas. Avaliaram-se o percentual de sementes cheias (contendo cariopse), a viabilidade e a dormência dessas sementes. A viabilidade das sementes dessa espécie pode ser adequadamente avaliada mediante o teste de germinação em temperaturas alternadas de 20-30ºC, com substrato umedecido em solução de nitrato de potássio a 0,5% com luz e a dormência a 25ºC, em água e no escuro. Observou-se grande variação na porcentagem de sementes cheias em função do local de coleta, especialmente na cultivar Roxo (17,5% a 36,1%). O local de coleta também afeta a dormência das sementes de ambas cultivares (20% a 80%) e a viabilidade das sementes apenas da cultivar Roxo (80% a 96%). Esses resultados ajudam a explicar o comportamento ecológico de Melinis minutiflora.

Vídeo y educación ambiental. Una propuesta para el proyecto Belo Jardin en la ciudad de JoÒo Pessoa, Brasil.

Desarrollar un proyecto de educación ambiental dirigido a adultos. Utilizar el vídeo didáctico como recurso didáctico para desarrollar los procesos de educación ambiental. Elaborar una propuesta educativa que sea extrapolable a otros barrios de Brasil. La propuesta educativa está dirigida al barrio 'Jardín Veneza' que cuenta con el programa 'Belo Jardín', en la ciudad de JoÒo Pessoa, en el estado de Paraíba, en la parte noreste de Brasil; este programa está en funcionamiento desde hace varios años, trata de ayudar a mejorar la condición social de las mujeres y favorecer los procesos educativos en este barrio, centrándose básicamente en desarrollar programas de educación ambiental a través de diferentes organizaciones no gubernamentales. La investigación analiza la sociedad actual de este barrio de Brasil, destacando la importancia de la cultura de la imagen en los procesos de enseñanza actuales y la importancia de la televisión como agente educador; se trata de fomentar el desarrollo de una educación ambiental mediante la utilización de la imagen. Se analizan las posibilidades que ofrecen los medios audiovisuales en la educación, centrándose en la utilización del vídeo didáctico como recurso educativo, siendo el medio considerado más idóneo para el desarrollo del programa formativo. La investigación contextualiza los desarrollos realizados sobre educación ambiental en Brasil, elaborando una propuesta de educación ambiental utilizando el vídeo, confeccionando el guión de un vídeo a desarrollar como recurso educativo. Entrevista con mujeres y jóvenes que vivan en el barrio. Análisis cualitativo, análisis comparativo; análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas. El presente trabajo es una investigación documental con la realización de una propuesta práctica, fruto de la experiencia educativa de la autora, dirigida a la comunidad del barrio 'Jardín Veneza', que es una de las regiones más pobres del país. Los problemas presentes en este barrio no son exclusivos de esta comunidad, sino que son compartidos por otros muchos barrios de la mayoría de las ciudades, sin embargo en este barrio existe un programa llamado 'Belo Jardín', que está aportando notables beneficios para el barrio. Es necesario confeccionar propuestas educativas motivadoras, innovadoras porque el colectivo de adultos al que está dirigida esta propuesta educativa tiene nuevas formas de aprender. Nos encontramos inmersos en una sociedad de la imagen, las personas están acostumbradas a ver atractivas imágenes continuamente y a decodificar imágenes y sus significados, no sólo los niños sino también los adolescentes; gran parte de las sociedad adulta contemporánea realiza este proceso sin problemas, lo cual permite nuevas posibilidades para el desarrollo de la educación ambiental utilizando el vídeo didáctico como principal recurso educativo. Se analizan las posibilidades que brindan los medios audiovisuales a la educación, ofreciendo sugerencias para su utilización en la enseñanza, y las posibilidades que ofrece el vídeo didáctico para la educación. Se analiza la educación ambiental, realizando un recorrido histórico sobre los avances logrados en Brasil, y se desarrolla una propuesta de educación ambiental, en el que el recurso didáctico fundamental será el vídeo, realizando una sugerencia de guionización de vídeo destinado a mejorar la educación ambiental del barrio, pudiendo extrapolar la experiencia a otros barrios próximos con características semejantes a éste. Realizar un vídeo didáctico sigue siendo un reto difícil aunque se hayan realizado avances notables en las tecnologías de la educación, sin embargo no están integradas del todo en el currículo o están mal integradas; en algunos casos de América Latina ni se plantea integrarlos todavía. La educación ambiental, en Brasil al igual que en otros países, está todavía en pañales; nuestra propuesta de trabajar mediante el vídeo la educación ambiental constituye un reto importante. El poder conocer de cerca la realidad de un país tan grande y que tanta influencia ejerce en los países de América Latina es enorme, siendo uno de los países ideales para desarrollar programas de educación ambiental. El vídeo didáctico puede ser una herramienta magnífica para la enseñanza, sobretodo cuando se utilizan los recursos del exterior, como es el caso de la educación ambiental, ya que facilita que el alumnado conozca mejor su entorno o incluso aquellos espacios de difícil acceso. Despertar conciencias es el nuevo reto del profesorado dentro de las aulas y de los gobiernos fuera de las escuelas con programas que eduquen a sus habitantes. El profesorado no está solo y la escuela no es la única institución educativa en donde se realizan procesos educativos.

Principio da responsabilidade intergeracional ambiental

O Direito ambiental, que surgiu em decorrência da necessidade de uma legislação que protegesse a natureza da ação predatória humana,vê se ainda pouco explorada em aspectos intergeracionais.Aspectos esses que, de forma simples e coesa, este trabalho alude um entedimento aplicável e expliacativo.Partindo da diferença entre regras e princípios, define-se uma primeira afirmativa:que, do princípio da responsabilidade intergeracional, emanam outros princípios basilares do Direito Ambiental Moderno.Contundo, o Princípio da Responsabilidade Intergeracional não surge como o Direito Ambiental.De forma implícita e sorrateira, aquele surge dentro dos tratados internacionais, e futuramente dentro de cenário jurídico brasileiro, traçando uma linha crológica jurídico-política dessa evolução nesse cenário nacional.Pois bem , de nada adiantaria definir o que é responsabilidade intergeracional de são, também, definir o que é geração e quais os direitos, justiças e obrigações desses sujeitos que estão por vir, ou estão aqui ou já passaram por aqui.Por fim , esse trabalho delimitará a relação entre a atual forma de proteção ambiental(a responsabilidade civil) e a sua insuficiência no solucionar dos atuais problemas enfrentados pela humanidade e o meio ambente, traçando também, uma comparação com o instituto da responsabilidade acautelatória(responsabilidade intergeracional)

A evolução da prática ambiental em empresas indústriais: algumas considerações sobre o estado-atual-da-arte e o caso brasileiro

O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a evolução das formas de incorporação da dimensão ambiental nas atividades empresariais industriais, particularmente no que se refere à identificação, caracterização e análise das práticas administrativas e operacionais das empresas consistentes com as fases típicas da preocupação ambiental de suas respostas e suas responsabilidades internas. Para a caracterização desse objetivo, procurou-se elaborar um modelo teórico que identificasse as diversas propostas que as empresas podem adotar frente à dimensão ambiental. Na laboração desse modelo, verificou-se que as empresas industriais e suas relações com as pressões e os problemas ambientais têm apresentado os seguintes padrões: o não atendimento às pressões e aos problemas ou a ignorância acerca deles abriga uma posição de não-conformidade; o atendimento às pressões e aos problemas após seu surgimento confere uma postura reativa; a empresa que está em transição processa sua resposta concomitante ao surgimento das pressões e problemas; a proativa antecipa soluções dentro de um quadro de preocupações mais amplo e de longo prazo, buscando neutralizar as ameaças ao mesmo tempo que procura capturar benefícios de um tratamento adequado ao meio ambiente. Um nível ainda mais superior que este último emergiria como decorrência da evolução da relação pressão/resposta e das percepções, conceitos e práticas envolvidos nessa relação. O nível de resposta mais superior, que poderíamos denominar de "sustentável e responsável", se tornará possível na medida em que irá se pautar fundamentalmente com base no pacto de gerações, cumprindo os objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável que, em seu sentido mais amplo, visa promover a harmonia entre os seres humanos e entre a humanidade e a natureza.

Governança e o eco-comprometimento promovendo desenvolvimento sustentável a partir da gestão de recursos hídricos : o caso Aracruz/Unidade Guaíba e seus stakeholders

A construção da sustentabilidade constitui-se em um dos grandes desafios deste tempo. A manchete de capa da Harvard Business Review, de agosto de 2003, traz a preocupação das lideranças empresariais com um mundo que mudou. A história da antiga Borregard, hoje Aracruz/ Unidade Guaíba, instalada no Município de Guaíba -RS, desde 1972, conta uma parte desta transformação. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar a participação da Aracruz/ Unidade Guaíba no Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hídricos tendo como referência os conceitos de governança e eco-comprometimento. O trabalho descreve a história desde o fechamento da Borregard em 1973/1974, em função das emissões atmosféricas lançadas sobre as populações de Porto Alegre e Guaíba, até consolidar a participação da Aracruz/ Unidade Guaíba no Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hídricos, a partir de 1998, com a criação do Comitê de Gerenciamento do Lago Guaíba. Para tecer esta história apresenta-se a estrutura do Sistema de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos, dando ênfase a sua natureza estatal e ao modelo sistêmico, descentralizado e participativo no qual está baseado Os dados foram coletados através de 31 entrevistas focais e semi-estruturadas, e através dos documentos da Aracruz Unidade Guaíba, do Comitê do Lago Guaíba e do Governo do Estado. Os entrevistados foram identificados entre membros do Comitê do Lago Guaíba, funcionários da Aracruz/ Unidade Guaíba e funcionários da Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental. O questionário semi-estruturado contou com 59 questões, sendo 41 questões fechadas e 18 questões abertas, e as entrevistas focais contaram com um roteiro previamente construído. Utilizou-se o subsídio da Teoria de Governança, em seu enfoque político, para compreender a implementação do Sistema de Gestão de Recursos, e os diferentes papéis de cada um dos atores nele inscritos. Caracteriza-se o ambiente institucional do SERH pelas suas condições de articular o suporte para construção de uma alternativa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.Na seqüência foi analisado o comprometimento da Aracruz/ Unidade Guaíba com a questão sócio-ambiental, em função da relação estabelecida com os sues stakeholders. Procedeu-se esta investigação tendo como referência os dados coletados, que foram examinados à luz do conceito de eco-comprometimento e de responsabilidade social. Com estes elementos identificou-se a postura da empresa frente aos desafios sócio-ambientais que se configuram na Bacia Hidrográfica do Lago Guaíba. Conclui-se que a atuação da empresa enfatiza uma postura legalista e reativa as tendências de mercado, principalmente em relação aos processos de certificação. A ênfase no tratamento da frente tecnológica do debate ambiental não supre a carência de uma atuação sócio-institucional mais pró-ativa. Percebe-se também que a construção das estruturas de governança para a gestão de recursos hídricos, em face da particularidade da Legislação do Brasil, pressupõe uma atuação eficiente do Estado. No contexto do SERH foram identificadas lacunas significativas na atuação do Estado, que prejudicam a consolidação do ambiente institucional para a construção dos acordos entre a Aracruz/ Uniadade Guaíba e os demais setores organizados da sociedade da bacia Hidrográfica do Lago Guaíba, que possibilitem a construção de alternativas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

Combater as secas e defender as florestas a natureza nos desafios da ciência e da técnica para modernizar o Brasil (1889 a 1934)

In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation

Análise do licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de política do meio ambiente no Rio Grande do Norte Período 1992-2003

This analysis on the ambient licensing is based on a research that identifies the fragilities and advances of the application of this instrument of politics of the environment in the ambient politics of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1992 the 2003. The isolated urban area of Búzios, situated in the City of Nísia Floresta/RN, situated in the eastern coast of the State, where concentrates the boarding of the ambient question as a matter in the Brazilian process of urbanization, over all the institutionalization and implementation of the ambient licensing. They are distinguished in the used methodology in consultation to the diverse involved social segments with the ambient subject in study, the example of the managers, technician and specialists, as well as the application of the legislation and norms techniques, the forms of appropriation of the common wealth and the procedures of ambient licensing of the competent agencies. The results of the research designate that the ambient licensing while instrument of the ambient politics is one of the alternatives more efficient as techniques in the process of sustainable development, since it is beyond the prerogatives to conciliate the activities and enterprises with the conservation of the environmental resources and natural benefits to the societies. In the RN one evidenced progress in the ambient legislation and the instructions techniques, and that the imperfections and limitations in the system of ambient licensing are not directly on to the instruments, but in the implementation of mechanisms of the ambient agencies. This because they do not make use of operational structure to apply in practical and established abilities, as an ambient management, institutional joint and deliberations of the State Counselor for Environment

Caracterização batimétrica e fisicooceanográfica do canal de acesso ao porto de Cabedelo/PB: uma análise ambiental ao derrame de óleo

The State of Paraíba is one of the most dynamic states of Brazil, strategically located in the northeast, is notable for the excellent potential for integration of different transportation modes forming the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The dynamic that occurs with port activity causes changes in the space where it is installed. And the elements of this space are always more than suffering direct or indirect influences as the flow in the port is expanded. Therefore, this region became subject to the accidental spillage of oil, because it presents a heavy traffic of ships of various sizes that can run aground or collide with oil causing accidental events. The study of geomorphological and sedimentological compositions of seafloor becomes important as more is known about the relationships between these parameters and associated fauna, and can identify their preferred habitats. The database background, acoustically collected along the proposed study area, is a wealth of information, which were duly examined, cataloged and made available. Such information can serve as an important tool, providing a geomorphological survey of the sedimentary area studied, and come to subsidize, in a flexible, future decision making. With the study area Port of Cabedelo, Paraíba - Brazil, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of the tidal surface and background in modeling the seabed, including the acquisition of information about the location of submerged rocky bodies and the depth of these bodies may turn out to be natural traps for the trapping of oil in case of leaks, and obtain the relationship between types of bed and the hydrodynamic conditions present in the region. In this context, for this study were collected bathymetric data (depth) and physical oceanographic (height of water column, water temperature, intensity and direction of currents, waves and turbidity), meteorological (rainfall, air temperature, humidity, winds and barometric pressure) of the access channel to the Port of Cabedelo / PB and its basin evolution (where the cruise ships dock), and includes tools of remote sensing (Landsat 7 ETM +, 2001), so that images and the results are integrated into Geographic Information Systems and used in the elaboration of measures aimed at environmental protection areas under the influence of this scale facilities, serving as a grant to prepare a contingency plan in case of oil spills in the region. The main findings highlight the techniques of using hydroacoustic data acquisition together bathymetric surveys of high and low frequency. From there, five were prepared in bathymetric pattern of Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation - DHN, with the depth in meters, on a scale of 1:2500 (Channel and Basin Evolution of Access to Port of Cabedelo), where there is a large extent possible beachrocks that hinder the movement of vessels in the port area, which can cause collisions, running aground and leaking oil. From the scatter diagram of the vectors of currents, it can be seen as the tidal stream and undergoes a channeling effect caused by the bidirectional effect of the tide (ebb and flood) in the basin of the Port of Cabedelo evolution in NW-direction SE and the highest speed of the currents occurs at low tide. The characterization weather for the period from 28/02 to 04/07/2010 values was within the expected average for the region of study. The multidisciplinary integration of products (digital maps and remote sensing images), proved to be efficient for the characterization of underwater geomorphological study area, reaching the aim to discriminate and enhance submerged structures, previously not visible in the images

O licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de um desenvolvimento verdadeiramente sustentável

Since the second half of the 20th century, mankind concerns about life quality and environment preservation began to grow. In Brazil, the edition of the Law nº 6.938/81, that instituted the National Policy of the Environment (Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente PNMA), contributing significantly to the singular treatment towards the environment by the Federal Constitution of 1988 (Constituição Federal de 1988), can be appointed as a landmark of this awareness. The Law nº 6.938/81, following the line observed on the legislation of some Brazilian States, predicted on its 9th article the instruments of PNMA, among which the environmental licensing can be highlighted. This instrument presents itself as indispensable to the construction, installation, extension and operation of enterprises and activities that utilize environmental resources, seen as effective and potentially polluter industries, or even to those that can cause environment degradation. On a parallel way and as a consequence of this awareness, the concept of development begins to acquire a new shape. The development of a country or a region begins to consider not only economical factors, but also environmental, political, cultural and social aspects. Ecodevelopment, or sustainable development, then, arises. In this way, through research on legislation and on theme related doctrine, this work has the intention of analyzing environmental licensing as a PNMA instrument responsible for uniting economical development and the right to an ecologically balanced environment, that is, by the consecution of a truly sustainable development

O dumping ambiental no setor sucroalcooleiro à luz do princípio da livre concorrência

The goal of this study is to investigate about the existence or absence of environmental dumping in the production of fuel ethanol in Brazil, as well as identifying the reasons why the figure of ecological dumping is pernicious to the principles enumerated in constitutional economic order, in particular the principle of free competition. In the twenty-first century environmental issues gained momentum and importance in these terms, which was seen as a mere fallacy given the concern of governments of various countries, after all, environmental protection shows up as the only means of bringing about the maintenance of life at planet. Indeed, it is essential to halt the drastic effects of climate change, and think fast and efficient solutions. Undoubtedly, the contemporary requirements that resulted in the transition to a new economy brings with it the duty of enterprise search for sustainability, and this behavior can not be passive, otherwise it is imperative to work hard and incessant economic agents, even if initially costs are high, this step will ensure a production accountable, transparent and free from accusations of environmental degradation. It is also intended to study the importance of the sector not only as a source of economic growth, but mainly, its contribution to national development, without forgetting that this is devoted in the Constitution of 1988 as one of the objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In fact, the criticism most common perceptions about the production of biofuels, said the interests of the countries producing them in large scale, will eventually generate a exhaustion of soil and a significant increase in food prices. However, the ethanol produced in Brazil is unique in that it is produced from cane sugar, a product is not intended for human or animal, not to mention that the recovery of land just to the rotation with the planting other cultures. It is expected that environmental certifications are useful to demonstrate the quality of ethanol for export and to refute unfounded criticism. Finally, this study will be analyzed further solutions for the plants to develop an economic activity without damaging the environment and in compliance with Brazilian law

Educação ambiental: mediações sociais e políticas e a indolência do Poder Público à sua inclusão no ensino formal

As a result of the prediction of irreversible changes on necessary conditions to maintain life, including human, on the planet, environmental education got the spotlight in the political scenario, due to social pressure for the development of individual and collective values, knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences towards environmental preservation. In Brazil, only in 1999 the right for environmental education was officially granted to people, having the status of essential and permanent component in the country s education. Since then, it has been Government s duty, in each federal branch, to plan actions to make it happen, in an articulate way in all levels and modalities of the education process, both formally and informally. This work of research has environmental education in the school as subject matter, and aims on analyzing social and political mediations established between this National Environmental Education policy and the contexts associated to the legislative production process, the political nature of the conceptions about environmental education that underlie Law 9.795/99 (Brazil, 2009c) and also Rio Grande do Norte Government s actions and omissions related to the imperative nature of the insertion of environmental education in the schools ran by the state, during the ten years this law has been in force. The investigation of the subject matter was led by a social and historical understanding of the social and environmental phenomena, as well as of the education system as a whole, considering that only through a dialectical view we can see the real world, by destroying the pseudo-concreteness that surrounds the topic. While analyzing, we assumed that in face of the dominance of a social organization in which market regulations rule on environmental ones, by developing individual and collective critical conscience, environmental education can become a threat to dominant economical interests in exploiting natural resources. The results of this research suggest that as an educational practice to be developed in an integrated, continuous and permanent fashion in all levels and modalities of formal education, environmental education has not yet come to pass in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, due to the neglect and disrespect of the government when facing the need of promoting the necessary and legally appointed measures to make it present in the basic education provided by the state. The legislators silence when it comes to approving a regulation on environmental education essential to define policies, rules and criteria to teaching the subject in the state and the omission from the public administration regarding critical actions in order to integrate in public schools the activities related to the National Environmental Education Policy, represent a political decision for not doing anything, despite the legal demand for an active position. This neglecting attitude for the actualizing of strategically concrete actions, urgent and properly planned for the implementation of environmental education in schools in a multidisciplinary way, exposes the lack of interest the predominant classes have in such kind of education being made available, as it could be developed based on a critic political view, becoming a political and educational action against dominance. When analyzing the basic principles and fundamental goals in Law 9.795/99 (Brazil, 2009c) the development of a critic environmental education is really possible and concurs with the National Environmental Education Policy, reflecting the social and political mediations established between this public policy and the contexts associated to its legislative production process, which are responsible for approving a regulation which also represents the mind of the people about environmental protection above anything else

Gestão ambiental na saúde pública: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde, dos servidores do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes do Rio Grande do Norte

This research has aimed at studying the perception of University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL) s workers on the environmental management plan of RSSS. They have been interviewed 250 workers: doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and cleaners. It was used an exploratory and descriptive research of the type Survey, which aims at obtaining of data or information on characteristics, actions or opinions of any group of people. The questions of the questionnaire were of the kind objective", formulated in a model "scale", analyzed in according to the positioning of the interviewee. The wastes of health service have high potential for environmental impact in the activities from HUOL. Actions or environmental protective policy can improve the image of HUOL. They have been detected divergences on the rigor in application of law of ANVISA. The HUOL s workers unaware of the law of ANVISA and they have little or no knowledge about the practices of environmental control, public health and, they do not know the Environmental Management System ISO 14001. They have divergent views on the degree of importance of ISO 14001. There is not a Waste Management Plan for Health Service and / or is not disclosed for most of HUOL workers. It has not carried out audits or defined the goals and objectives. Besides, it has not been identified legal requirements, and there has not been communication about the service is performed or has been made a critical analysis and no control of documents the environmental management plan. The HUOL have not had a committee of environmental management. The direction of HUOL has not been organized courses, training and recycling of waste on environmental control of the health service. On a scale from 01 to 05, the level of aware level concerning to the waste management from health services of the workers, so is at the threshold between 01 and 02. For the reversal of this situation, the first and urgent step is the creation and institutionalization the environmental management committee of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes

Novas ferramentas para monitoramento ambiental usando SIG Web

The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has becoming very important in fields where detailed and precise study of earth surface features is required. Applications in environmental protection are such an example that requires the use of GIS tools for analysis and decision by managers and enrolled community of protected areas. In this specific field, a challenge that remains is to build a GIS that can be dynamically fed with data, allowing researchers and other agents to recover actual and up to date information. In some cases, data is acquired in several ways and come from different sources. To solve this problem, some tools were implemented that includes a model for spatial data treatment on the Web. The research issues involved start with the feeding and processing of environmental control data collected in-loco as biotic and geological variables and finishes with the presentation of all information on theWeb. For this dynamic processing, it was developed some tools that make MapServer more flexible and dynamic, allowing data uploading by the proper users. Furthermore, it was also developed a module that uses interpolation to aiming spatial data analysis. A complex application that has validated this research is to feed the system with data coming from coral reef regions located in northeast of Brazil. The system was implemented using the best interactivity concept provided by the AJAX model and resulted in a substantial contribution for efficiently accessing information, being an essential mechanism for controlling events in the environmental monitoring

Proposta de zoneamento ambiental visando a proteção dos recursos hídricos de uma bacia hidrográfica

One of the most important natural resources for sustaining human life, water, has been losing the basic requirements of quality and quantity sufficient enough to attend the population due to water contamination'problems, often caused by human beings themselves. Because of this, the sources of this resource are often located in remote places of the natural environment to ensure the quality of the water. However, when urban expansion began to occupy these areas, which were once regarded as distant, environmental pollution problems began to occur due to occupation of the land without planning. Based on this occurrence, this study aims to propose environmental zoning for the Maxaranguape river watershed in order to protect its water resources. This is important because this river can serve as a source of supply for the metropolitan area of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte. In accordance to this proposition, the model of natural soil loss vulnerability (CREPANI et al., 2001), the model of aquifer pollution vulnerability (FOSTER et al., 2006), and the legal incompatibility map (CREPANI et al., 2001) were used to delimit the zones. All this was done with Geographic Information System (GIS) and also created a geographic database update of the basin. The results of the first model mentioned indicated that 63.67% of the basin was classified as moderately stable / vulnerable, 35.66% as moderately vulnerable, and 0.67% as vulnerable. The areas with high vulnerability degree correspond with sand dunes and river channels areas. The second model indicated that 2.84% of the basin has low vulnerability, 70.27%) has median vulnerability, and 26.76% and 0.13% has high vulnerability and extreme vulnerability, respectively. The areas with the highest vulnerability values also refer to part of the sand dunes and river channels besides other areas such as Pureza urban area. The legal incompatibility map indicated that the basin has 85.02 km2 of Permanent Protection Area (PPA) and 14.62% of this area has some incongruity of use. Based on these results it was possible to draw three main zones: Protection and Sustainable Use Zone (PSUZ), Protection and Environmental Restoration Zone (PERZ) and Environmental Control Zone, which are divided into A, B and C. The PSUZ refer to the coastal areas of the basin, where the sand dunes are located. These sites should be areas of environmental protection and of sustainable urban expansion. The ZPRA refer to river channels, which are in high need of rehabilitation. The third zone corresponds to the rest of the basin which should have, in general, the mapping of possible sources of contamination for further control on the use and occupation of the river