Crescimento e nutrição mineral de Sida rhombifolia

This experiment was carried out to analyze dry mass production and distribution, and the content and accumulation of macronutrients in arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) plants cultivated under mineral nutrition standard conditions. Plants grew in seven liter pots filled with sand substrate and daily irrigated with nutrient solution, under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of times of evaluation (21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, and 133 days after emergence - DAE) and were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Arrowleaf sida plants showed small accumulation of dry mass (0.3 g per plant) and macronutrients (6.9 mg N per plant, 0.7 mg P per plant, 8.6 mg K per plant, 4.9 mg Ca per plant, 2,6 mg Mg per plant, and 0.3 mg S per plant) at the vegetative growth stage (< 49 DAE). Those accumulations increased, mainly after 63 DAE, and the daily accumulation rate was crescent up to 94 DAE (dry mass - DM), 89 DAE (N and P), 98 DAE (K), 95 DAE (Ca and S), and 93 DAE (Mg), when there was accumulation of 26.3 g DM per plant, 402.6 mg N per plant, 45.6 mg P per plant, 359.3 mg K per plant, 337.6 mg Ca per plant, 71.9 mg Mg per plant, and 20.9 mg S per plant. N and K had the highest rates and, consequently, were the most required and accumulated in greater amounts in plant tissues of arrowleaf sida.

Relato de Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG I em crisântemo (Papiro Branco e Amarelo) e R. solani AG-4 HG III em gipsófila no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e sua patogenicidade cruzada

Currently, anastomosis groups (AG) of Rhizoctonia sp. on chrysanthemum and occurrence of this fungus on gypsophila have not been reported in Brazil. However, in the present study, normal and cross pathogenicity and sequencing of ITS-5.8S rDNA regions were used to confirm the AG of isolate of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from chrysanthemum (White Papyrus) and from gypsophila plants cultivated in Holambra / São Paulo, Brazil. After these tests, it was confirmed the report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG I on chrysanthemum (White and Yellow Papyrus) and R. solani AG-4 HG III on gypsophila in the São Paulo state, Brazil, and also their cross pathogenicity.

Fisiologia e produção da soja tratada com cinetina e cálcio sob deficit hídrico e sombreamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of kinetin and calcium applications on the physiologic and productive traits of soybean plants, subjected to drought and shade conditions, at flowering. A randomized complete block design was used, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. Soybean plants cultivated in 38 dm³ pots were sprayed with calcium and kinetin, alone or mixed, and subjected to drought and shade during 12 days. After stress period, plants were cultivated under appropriate water and light availability. Calcium and kinetin application resulted in maintenance of the relative water content after four days of drought beginning. Membrane damage, measured at the end of stress period, was lower in plants sprayed with calcium and kinetin. CO2 assimilation diminished by stress condition, mainly under drought, and grain yield decreased at the same intensity in both environments.

The sarsaparilla market in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) and the challenges of cultivation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Espécies hortícolas alimentares da população caiçara do sertão de ubatumirim, litoral norte de são paulo: manejo e paisagem

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Increased carbon dioxide concentration in the air reduces the severity of Ceratocystis wilt in Eucalyptus clonal plantlets

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cell cultures of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. are richer sources of quinone-methide triterpenoids than plant roots in natura

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em linhagens avançadas de soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Dissimilaridade ambiental em variedades de milho cultivadas em diferentes densidades populacionais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Fibras naturais: características químicas e potenciais aplicações

This study has as objective determining the chemical properties that serve as the basis for potential scientific and technological applications of seven species of fibrous plants cultivated in Brazil, which are: Banana” (Musa spp.), “Coco” (Cocos nucifera), Curauá (Ananas erectifolius), Fique (Furcraea andina), Piteira” (Furcraea gigantea), Sisal(Agave sisalana) and “Taboa” (Typha domingensis). The tests for determining the percent dry completely, extractives soluble in cold water, in hot water, in sodium hydroxide 1% and in ethanol-toluene, and the percentages of ash, hydrophobicity, lignin, holocellulose and cellulose were performed at the Department of Environmental Sciences, Agronomy College (FCA) of UNESP – Botucatu, São Paulo State. It also presents a literature review about these fibers and their potential applications. Differences between the results obtained and those found by other authors are possibly explained by variations on the origin of plant material, the harvest season, the climate and soil where they were grown. However, the results and the methodology used, serve as a basis for further studies with natural fibers

Crescimento e nutrição mineral de Urochloa arrecta

The experiment was carried out aiming to analyze dry mass production and distribution, and the content and accumulation of macronutrients in Urochloa arrecta plants cultivated under mineral nutrition standard conditions. Plants grew in seven-liter pots filled with sand substrate, were daily irrigated with nutrient solution, and maintained under greenhouse conditions. Treatments corresponded to assessment periods (21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, 133, 147, and 161 days after emergence - DAE) and were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Plants of U. arrecta showed low accumulation (less than 7% of the maximum accumulation at 161 DAE) of dry mass (5.1 g DM per planta) and of macronutrients (57.7 mg N per planta, 8.9 mg P per planta, 167.8 mg K per planta, 21.3 mg Ca per planta, 14.7 mg Mg per planta, and 9.2 mg S per planta) up to 49 DAE. Such accumulations increased mainly after 91 DAE. Daily accumulation rate was crescent up to 130 DAE (DM and S), 137 DAE (N), 125 DAE (P), 119 DAE (K), 144 DAE (Ca), and 128 DAE (Mg), when there was accumulation of 87.7 g DM per planta, 918.0 mg N per planta, 105.8 mg P per planta, 1,643.9 K per planta, 390.4 mg Ca per planta, 200.0 mg Mg per planta, and 103.5 mg S per planta. K and N were found to have the highest rates and, hence, they were the most demanded and accumulated in the greatest amounts in U. arrecta plant tissues.

Manutenção de dois sistemas radiculares em aspectos bioquímicos e fisiológicos durante o desenvolvimento de plantas e desempenho agronômico de Passiflora edulis Sims enxertadas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Eficiência de uso de fósforo por dois genótipos de cana-de-açúcar cultivados em solução nutritiva

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Metabolism of sulphonated anthraquinones in rhubarb, maize and celery: the role of cytochromes P450 and peroxidases

Sulphonated anthraquinones are precursors of many synthetic dyes and pigments, recalcitrant to biodegradation, and thus contaminating many industrial effluents and rivers. In the development of a phytotreatment to remove sulphonated aromatic compounds, rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum), a plant producing natural anthraquinones, as well as maize (Zea mays) and celery (Apium graveolens), plants not producing anthraquinones, were tested for their ability to metabolise these xenobiotics. Plants were cultivated under hydroponic conditions, with or without sulphonated anthraquinones, and were harvested at different times. Either microsomal or cytosolic fractions were prepared. The monooxygenase activity of cytochromes P450 towards several sulphonated anthraquinones was tested using a new method based on the fluorimetric detection of oxygen consumed during cytochromes P450-catalysed reactions. The activity of cytosolic peroxidases was measured by spectrophotometry, using guaiacol as a substrate. Results indicated that the activity of cytochromes P450 and peroxidases significantly increased in rhubarb plants cultivated in the presence of sulphonated anthraquinones. A higher activity of cytochromes P450 was also detected in maize and celery exposed to the pollutants. In these two plants, a peroxidase activity was also detected, but without a clear difference between the control plants and the plants exposed to the organic contaminants. This research demonstrated the existence in rhubarb, maize and celery of biochemical mechanisms involved in the metabolism and detoxification of sulphonated anthraquinones. Taken together, results confirmed that rhubarb might be the most appropriate plant for the phytotreatment of these organic pollutants.

Glassy State and Cryopreservation of Mint Shoot Tips

Vitrification refers to the physical process by which a liquid supercools to very low tem- peratures and finally solidifies into a metastable glass, without undergoing crystallization at a practical cooling rate. Thus, vitrification is an effective freeze-avoidance mechanism and living tissue cryopreservation is, in most cases, relying on it. As a glass is exceedingly vis- cous and stops all chemical reactions that require molecular diffusion, its formation leads to metabolic inactivity and stability over time. To investigate glassy state in cryopreserved plant material, mint shoot tips were submitted to the different stages of a frequently used cryopreservation protocol (droplet-vitrification) and evaluated for water content reduction and sucrose content, as determined by ion chromatography, frozen water fraction and glass transitions occurrence by differential scanning calorimetry, and investigated by low-tempera- ture scanning electron microscopy, as a way to ascertain if their cellular content was vitri- fied. Results show how tissues at intermediate treatment steps develop ice crystals during liquid nitrogen cooling, while specimens whose treatment was completed become vitrified, with no evidence of ice formation. The agreement between calorimetric and microscopic observations was perfect. Besides finding a higher sucrose concentration in tissues at the more advanced protocol steps, this level was also higher in plants precultured at 25/21?C than in plants cultivated at 25?C.