Genuine savings and future well-being in Germany, 1850-2000

Genuine Savings (GS), also known as ‘net adjusted savings’, is a composite indicator of the sustainability of economic development. Genuine Savings reflects year-on-year changes in the total wealth or capital of a country, including net investment in produced capita, investment in human capital, depletion of natural resources, and damage caused by pollution. A negative Genuine Savings rate suggests that the stock of national wealth is declining and that future utility must be less than current utility, indicating that economic development is non-sustainable (Hamilton and Clemens, 1999). We make use of data over a 150 year period to examine the relationship between Genuine Savings and a number of indicators of well-being over time, and compare the relative changes in human, produced, and components of natural capital over the period. Overall, we find that the magnitude of genuine savings is positively related to changes in future consumption, with some evidence of a cointegrating relationship. However, the relationships between genuine savings and infant mortality or average heights are less clear.

Healthcare in Ireland and Britain 1850-1970: Voluntary, regional and comparative perspectives

This volume explores developments in health and social care in Ireland and Britain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The central objectives are to highlight the role of voluntarism in healthcare, to examine healthcare in local and regional contexts, and to provide comparative perspectives. The collection is based on two interconnected and overlapping research themes: voluntarism and healthcare, and regionalism/localism and healthcare. It includes two synoptic overviews by leading authorities in the field, and ten case studies focusing on particular aspects of voluntary and/or regional healthcare in Ireland and Britain.

Control of wild rubber extraction in the forests of northeast India, 1850-1880

This paper uses the history of rubber extraction to explore competing attempts to control the forest environments of Assam and beyond in the second half of the nineteenth century. Forest communities faced rival efforts at environmental control from both European and Indian traders, as well as from various centres of authority within the Raj. Government attempts to regulate rubber collection were undermined by the weak authority of the Raj in these regions, leading to widespread smuggling. Partly in response to the disruptive influence of rubber traders on the frontier, the Raj began to restrict the presence of outsiders in tribal regions, which came to be understood as distinct areas outside British control. When rubber yields from the forests nearest the Brahmaputra fell in the wake of intensive exploitation, India's scientific foresters demanded and from 1870 obtained the ability to regulate the Assamese forests, blaming indigenous rubber tapping strategies for the declining yields and arguing that Indian rubber could be ‘equal [to] if not better' than Amazonian rubber if only tappers would change their practices. The knowledge of the scientific foresters was fundamentally flawed, however, and their efforts to establish a new type of tapping practice failed. By 1880, the government had largely abandoned attempts to regulate wild Indian rubber, though wild sources continued to dominate the supply of global rubber until after 1910.

Catalogue of articles on exhibition at the second annual fair of the South-Carolina Institute, at the Military hall, November, 1850

This document contains a catalogue of the articles on exhibition at the 1850 annual fair of the South Carolina Institute. It includes 337 items exhibited at the fair in Charleston at the Military Hall.

Speech of Mr. Calhoun, of South Carolina, on the slavery question. Delivered in the Senate of the United States, March 4, 1850

The speech addresses the question, how can the union be preserved? He goes on to explain the threats to the union and give suggestions for how the threats can be handled.

An address delivered before the South-Carolina institute, at its second annual fair, on the 19th November, 1850. By Jos. H. Lumpkin

This speech by Georgia Supreme Court judge Joseph Lumpkin aims to ignite a spirit of improvement and bring about its influence. This improvement is not necessarily in the interest of agriculture alone, but in the interest of the state as well.

Sex, Time and Place: Queer Histories of London, c.1850 to the Present

Sex, Time and Place extensively widens the scope of what we might mean by 'queer London studies'. Incorporating multidisciplinary perspectives – including social history, cultural geography, visual culture, literary representation, ethnography and social studies – this collection asks new questions, widens debates and opens new subject terrain. Featuring essays from an international range of established scholars and emergent voices, the collection is a timely contribution to this growing field. Its essays cover topics such as activist and radical communities and groups, AIDS and the city, art and literature, digital archives and technology, drag and performativity, lesbian London, notions of bohemianism and deviancy, sex reform and research and queer Black history. Going further than the existing literature on Queer London which focuses principally on the experiences of white gay men in a limited time frame, Sex, Time and Place reflects the current state of this growing and important field of study. It will be of great value to scholars, students and general readers who have an interest in queer history, London studies, cultural geography, visual cultures and literary criticism.

As Bandas de Música no distrito de Lisboa entre a Regeneração e a República (1850-1910): História, organologia, repertórios e práticas interpretativas.

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Musicais na especialidade de Ciências Musicais Históricas

O Porto Grande e a Urbe Mindelense na Aurora da Contemporaneidade (1850-1914)

Este trabalho, que obedece aos requisitos parciais para a obtenção do grau de mestre em História Contemporânea na Universidade Nova de Lisboa, enquadra-se no campo da História Local, incidindo sobre o Porto Grande na Ilha de S. Vicente de Cabo Verde, no período compreendido entre 1850 a 1914. Procurar-se-á, à luz da documentação disponível, analisar a importância do porto para a afirmação da urbe, numa altura em que por força da Revolução Industrial o barco a vapor entrou nos mares do mundo e revolucionou o sistema de transportes. Nessa altura, S. Vicente, que até então mantinhase deserta de gente, é elegida por hidrógrafos ingleses que procuravam um porto seguro onde pudessem instalar as suas companhias carvoeiras para abastecer os seus navios na rota do Atlântico Médio. Foi só por essa altura que o povoamento da ilha tornou-se possível, e a dinâmica do seu crescimento uma realidade, impulsionada pelo porto e sob uma forte influência inglesa. Este ritmo de desenvolvimento começou, porém, a decair nos finais do séc. XIX, altura em que o Porto Grande começa a sofrer uma forte concorrência por parte dos portos de Las Palmas e de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, no Arquipélago das Canárias, agravada ainda mais no inicio do séc. XX, quando, por altura da 1ª Grande Guerra, o Porto Grande do Mindelo também é sulcado por navios das potências beligerantes, envolvidas no conflito.

Gouvernance locale et trajectoires de developpement touristique : comparaison des cas de Finhaut, Montreux et Zermatt entre 1850 et 2012

La performance que constitue pour une station le fait de connaître le succès touristique, parfois sur plusieurs décennies, n'est de loin pas anodine, surtout si l'on observe que certains lieux traversent des phases de crise plus ou moins longues et plus ou moins marquées et que d'autres encore parviennent à se reconvertir avec succès en diversifiant leurs activités économiques. C'est du point de vue du système de gouvernance locale et de la gestion des ressources foncières, immobilières et infrastructurelles que nous nous sommes intéressés à cette problématique. Notre questionnement était double : d'une part, comprendre comment ces deux dimensions s'articulaient entre elles via la proposition d'un cadre conceptuel que nous avons nommé l'Arrangement Politique Local et, d'autre part, étudier comment elles influençaient les différentes phases comme le démarrage du tourisme, le succès, la crise ou la sortie du tourisme, que peut expérimenter un lieu touristique au cours de son évolution. Le travail empirique a porté sur les trajectoires de développement de trois lieux ou anciens lieux touristiques. Finhaut, après une période de succès qui a fait de la station la deuxième du Valais au début du XXe siècle, a vu après la première guerre mondiale son activité touristique décliner puis péricliter, le tourisme ayant à l'heure actuelle quasiment disparu. Montreux, de station touristique importante dès les années 1880, a ensuite évolué vers une ville grâce à un processus d'urbanisation ainsi qu'à une diversification des activités économiques. Enfin, Zermatt représente une économie touristique en constante croissance depuis plus de 100 ans. L'analyse de ces trois trajectoires touristiques entre 1850 et 2012 a permis de montrer que la création et la gestion des ressources foncières, immobilières et infrastructurelles à des fins touristiques étaient liées aux caractéristiques du système de gouvernance locale, en particulier à la possession ou non par les acteurs locaux des moyens d'action principaux que sont l'argent, l'organisation, le consensus, le soutien politique et les connaissances. Notre étude a également mis en évidence de fortes différences entre les Arrangements Politiques Locaux lors des phases de succès et ceux durant les moments de crise, ces différences portant sur l'importance de l'implication des autorités politiques locales dans le développement touristique, l'existence d'un leadership touristique, la capacité des acteurs locaux à être actifs à des positions politiques et touristiques aux échelons institutionnels supérieurs, l'importance de la collaboration publique/privés, la capacité d'adaptation et de réaction des acteurs locaux face aux événements, la réussite ou non des stratégies permettant la création et l'utilisation des ressources dans un but touristique ainsi que la capacité de mobilisation des moyens d'action nécessaires.

Wäg karta öfver Finland 1850 /

1 kartta kahdessa osassa :, käsinvär. ;, lehti 44,1 x 51 cm, kansi 16 x 11 cm, Mittakaavaa ei määritelty