HLA alleles determine human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) proviral load and the risk of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy

The risk of disease associated with persistent virus infections such as HIV-I, hepatitis B and C, and human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) is strongly determined by the virus load. However, it is not known whether a persistent class I HLA-restricted antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response reduces viral load and is therefore beneficial or causes tissue damage and contributes to disease pathogenesis. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) patients have a high virus load compared with asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers. We hypothesized that HLA alleles control HTLV-I provirus load and thus influence susceptibility to HAM/TSP. Here we show that, after infection with HTLV-I, the class I allele HLA-A*02 halves the odds of HAM/TSP (P < 0.0001), preventing 28% of potential cases of HAM/TSP. Furthermore, HLA-A*02+ healthy HTLV-I carriers have a proviral load one-third that (P = 0.014) of HLA-A*02− HTLV-I carriers. An association of HLA-DRB1*0101 with disease susceptibility also was identified, which doubled the odds of HAM/TSP in the absence of the protective effect of HLA-A*02. These data have implications for other persistent virus infections in which virus load is associated with prognosis and imply that an efficient antiviral CTL response can reduce virus load and so prevent disease in persistent virus infections.

Physical chemistry of virus adsorption and degradation on inorganic surfaces: its relation to wastewater treatment /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Boone family : a genealogical history of the descendants of George and Mary Boone, who came to America in 1717 : containing many unpublished bits of early Kentucky history : also a biographical sketch of Daniel Boone, the pioneer, by one of his descendants /

Includes indexes.

A history of the Book of common prayer : with a rationale of its offices /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

A chaplet of verses /

Mode of access: Internet.

Legends and lyrics; together with A chaplet of verses.

At head of title: Oxford edition.

Legends & lyrics & other poems /

"First edition, 1906; reprinted 1909."

An autobiographical fragment and biographical notes, with personal sketches of contemporaries, unpublished lyrics, and letters of literary friends.

Wordsworth: p. 137-44.

Reports of progress.

Directors: 1873-1880, Nathaniel Southgate Shaler.--1880-1891, John Robert Procter.

[Reports of special subjects] A-[F]

Directors: 1873-1880, Nathaniel Southgate Shaler.--1880-1891, John Robert Procter.

Reports of progress.

Directors: 1873-1880, Nathaniel Southgate Shaler.-1880-1891, John Robert Procter.

The art of cooking and serving /

Mode of access: Internet.

Art of angling; or, Complete fly and bottomfisher.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bowlker's Art of angling : greatly enlarged and improved : containing directions for fly-fishing, trolling, bottom-fishing, making artificial flies, &c. &c.

Mode of access: Internet.

The art of angling, or Complete fly & bottom-fisher, describing the different kinds of fish, their haunts, places of feeding, &c. &c. Also, observations on the breeding of carp and the regulating of pools and ponds, with directions for making artificial flies and other baits.

Back cover folds over front to form portfolio.