Influenza dei fattori di vista nel calcolo delle condizioni di comfort termico in ambienti con impianti radianti

L’obiettivo di questa tesi di Laurea è stato di analizzare gli scambi termici radiativi che si verificano all’interno di una stanza; per eseguire questa analisi si sono calcolati i fattori di vista Fij tra diversi punti (i) definiti tramite una griglia regolare posta all’interno della stanza e le superfici che vi si affacciano (j); tale griglia prevede 25 punti posti a 3 altezze diverse, per un totale di 75 punti. Dalla conoscenza delle temperature superficiali si sono ottenuti i valori di temperatura media radiante nei punti della griglia, e successivamente i valori degli indici di benessere PMV (voto medio previsto) e PPD (percentuale prevista di insoddisfatti), fissando i parametri necessari. Il calcolo dei fattori di vista è stato eseguito tramite il software TRISCO®, dopo averne confrontato i risultati forniti con COMSOL® e dopo aver valutato la correttezza di alcune approssimazioni. Il modello utilizzato nelle simulazioni è costituito da una stanza di 5x5x2,8 m, in cui sono stati fatti variare il numero e la posizione di alcuni elementi caratterizzanti, come finestre e radiatori, oltre a tipologia di elementi scaldanti e posizione e numero di pareti esterne, tramite la variazione delle temperature. In seguito si è analizzata la potenza scambiata per irraggiamento dagli elementi scaldanti, per poter riconoscere gli elementi responsabili dei maggiori contributi; nel caso di pavimento o soffitto radiante si è divisa tale superficie in diverse porzioni per riconoscere le zone della superficie radiante più influenti. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che la presenza di radiatori, finestre o pareti esterne, introducendo elementi di disturbo asimmetrici, forniscono andamenti disuniformi di temperatura e PMV, con l’omogeneità che migliora allontanandosi da tali elementi; impianti a pavimento o soffitto radiante producono risultati decisamente migliori, sia per quanto riguarda i valori assoluti di temperatura e PMV, che nell’omogeneità della relativa distribuzione.

Ampliação do Setor de Aulas Teóricas IV - UFRN: proposta arquitetônica baseada no conceito da flexibilidade e adaptabilidade, utilizando os parâmetros de conforto ambiental

In recent years, the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) has come through an intense process of expansion, common for the Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) - Higher Education Institutions – since the implantation of the Programa de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI), a program of restructuring and expansion of the federal universities. The incentives made at UFRN can be seen into the expansion of the fields of teaching, research and extension, besides hiring human resources and adaptation / expansion of physical spaces. The focus of the UFRN at the technological area through the project (REUNI) has reflected in a significant expansion of the physical structure of the Center of Technology, area where the section of classes IV remains being the main set of rooms that supports the demand of the courses in the technological area, in which highlights the lack of classrooms. In this sense, the work presented here, proposes an architectural blueprint for expanding the physical space of this sector, based in this main parameters: (i) the spatial flexibility that attends the varying numbers of students per class; (ii) the environmental comfort, using the parameters and guidelines constructive for the Bioclimatic Zone 8; (iii) the requirements contained in the rules of ABNT NBR 9050:2004, 9077:2001 and NBR NBR 15220-3:2003. The architectural proposal used the maximum template allowed by the UFRN Central Campus Master Plan, four floors, considering the existing building (area equal to 7413.95 m²) as the ground floor and the extension proposed distributed on three floors, with an area of around 2,535, 00 m² each, making up a total of 7602.65 m² of total area built

As múltiplas dimensões da garantia dos direitos do paciente idoso internado: o caso de uma instituição hospitalar pública no município de Natal/RN

In the context of current capitalist society, marked by the logic that restricts the human person their status as workforce, in order to generate profits, old age is often treated as an underprivileged life stage. This reality becomes more intense considering the sharp aging process that affects brazilian society is accompanied by the country's entry into a globalized world and tensioned by the dictates of capital. Thus, despite the increasing development of policies to strengthen the guarantee of elderly rights, it is necessary to establish effective strategies of these measures to ensure a higher quality of life to these subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies that problematize the issue of the elderly, which represent a growing portion of the population, and hence have more visible demands, including in health. With the increase in the elderly population in Brazil it is possible to realize the country is going through a demographic transition and epidemiological changes that contribute to change the landscape of health care of the elderly, especially the hospitalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the multiple aspects of ensuring the rights of elderly patients admitted to the State Hospital Dr. Ruy Pereira dos Santos (HRPS), located in Natal / RN, whose most patients are elderly. Specifically sought to understand the aging process, its social consequences and the vulnerability to which it is exposed, especially during the disease situation; understand the process of construction of the Brazilian public health and their actions for older people; learn the expressions of citizenship formation in Brazil with regard to policies for older people; and investigate the design of health professionals about the guarantee of the right of hospitalized elderly. Starting from an integrated coordinated theoretical and practical possibilities, a qualitative research and literature character, documentary and field was held. For this, there were four semi-structured interviews with health research locus Hospital professionals - namely, two social workers, a doctor and a nurse - as well as life stories with the hospitalized elderly patients, one in each deck the said Hospital, totaling three. The results pointed to the difficulty of health policy become effective as law and stressed one historical scenario violation of the rights of elderly hospitalized patients, which persists due to the precarious situation and the difficulty of effective implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS ) and other public policies to that end.

Terrorismo, Yihadismo y Crimen Organizado en la Estrategia Global de Seguridad de la Unión Europea

El terrorismo es considerado en la Estrategia Global para la Política Exterior y de Seguridad de la UE como una de las principales amenazas a la seguridad de la Unión Europea. La lucha contra el terrorismo ha dado sus frutos en los últimos quince años, pero este artículo analiza la nueva Estrategia y se pregunta si será suficiente para responder con eficacia a esta amenaza y si se están empleando todos los medios necesarios para atajarla.

The Challenge of Migration and the Global Security Strategy of the European Union

This article discusses the challenges of irregular migration for the security of the EU. They are analyzed starting with the European Security Strategy 2003, and the Report on its Implementation, 2008, and notes many failures: The EU Members did not follow the directives adopted in Brussels, the mismanagement of migration and asylum policies, and numerous actions that can be characterized or described as improvised, scattered or irresponsible. The 2016 Global Strategy recognizes these failures and call attention to the European leaders to reconsider how the EU functions and operates, suggesting the need for greater unity and cooperation to achieve a more effective migration policy. However, the article points out that practically all of the sections of the new Strategy dealing with migration were already embodied in previous Strategies, and stress that in parallel with the publication of the 2016 Global Strategy, actions are already undertaken, such as the EU readmission agreements signed with several important third countries of origin.

La Unión Europea y la OTAN en el marco de la nueva Estrategia Global de Seguridad de la Unión Europea

El artículo analiza la relación entre la Unión Europea y la OTAN en cuestiones de defensa, según se ha reflejado en las estrategias de seguridad de la Unión Europea, con particular atención a la Estrategia Global de la Unión Europea presentada en 2016. Se estudia la Estrategia de Seguridad Europea de 2003, el Informe de Implementación de 2008, y las nuevas aproximaciones al contexto internacional y a la seguridad europea que se reflejan en la Estrategia Global. Se analiza también el papel de la OTAN, así como la evolución de la política de seguridad de los Estados Unidos hacia Europa durante la Administración Obama. Finalmente se discute el posible futuro de la Política Común de Seguridad y Defensa de la UE (PCSD) después del Bréxit, así como las consecuencias para su relación con la OTAN.

Rehabilitación de pavimentos con mezclas asfálticas convencionales y modificadas con polímeros en la malla vial del municipio de Itagüí

El Municipio de Itagüí en los últimos años ha sufrido un crecimiento elevado en la circulación de vehículos, especialmente los comerciales debido a que es una ciudad industrial y comercial en donde se ubican importantes fábricas a nivel regional y nacional. El incremento del parque automotor ha acelerado el deterioro de la malla vial de Itagüí, por lo cual el trabajo de grado se enfoca en realizar un estudio en el cual se hace una análisis técnico y económico sobre la utilización de mezclas asfálticas convencionales las cuales son las que actualmente se está instalando en Itagüí, y las mezclas asfálticas modificadas con polímeros que es una nueva alternativa que se está impulsando en el país, para emplearlas en la rehabilitación de pavimentos con altos niveles de tránsito. El análisis se enfoca en identificar mediante la recopilación de información bibliográfica, visitas de campo y ensayos de laboratorio, el comportamiento de las mezclas asfálticas en lo que se refiere al ahuellamiento, fatiga y envejecimiento; y con estos datos realizar una proyección del análisis del ciclo de vida del pavimento a 20 años para evaluar los costos de rehabilitación y mantenimiento de un pavimento para identificar cual es la mezcla asfáltica que brinda un valor más alto en la relación beneficio/costo para ser empleado para las condiciones actuales de Itagüí.

Reciclaje de pavimentos : estudio de las ventajas económicas del reciclaje en frío in situ de pavimentos asfalticos

En los procesos de mantenimiento y rehabilitación de pavimentos, se deben definir los objetivos, bien sea para realizar unas reparaciones superficiales sobre daños generados por el agua como consecuencia de fallas en los drenajes, o bien realizar una intervención sobre la estructura buscando recuperarla a sus condiciones de diseño originales, la cual se realiza con el proceso de reciclaje el cual tiene en cuenta las características físico-químicas de los materiales existentes los cuales se consideran sufrieron el adecuado proceso que les permitió hacer parte de la estructura. Existiendo cuatro tipos de reciclaje de los cuales se realiza una descripción general de cada proceso, el presente trabajo se concentra en el análisis técnico – económico del proceso ―In situ‖ en frio, método utilizado en la rehabilitación de la vía Sopetrán - Puente de Occidente, en el Departamento de Antioquia, en una longitud de 13 Km. El presente estudio se realiza verificando el cumplimiento de las especificaciones a nivel nacional que para estos procesos estableció el Instituto Nacional de Vías (INVIAS) y verificando el cumplimiento de las normas IDU ET-2005. El reciclaje ―in situ‖ en frio tiene ventajas ecológicas (no necesita afectar las eventuales fuentes de materiales de la zona), económico (bajos costos comparados con reconstrucción) y técnico (los equipos para este proceso han presentado importantes avances tecnológicos) lo cual permitió su aplicación en la vía mencionada, lo cual con la adición de un agente estabilizador (cemento para el presente estudio) permite recuperar las condiciones iniciales de diseño de la estructura intervenida. El árbol de decisiones es una herramienta utilizada para el análisis y selección de la mejor opción de estructura a realizar teniendo en cuenta calidad y costos. El presente trabajo termina con un análisis detallado de las condiciones existentes, revisión de las diferentes opciones de intervención y el estudio económico de las diferentes alternativas de estructura de pavimento para la rehabilitación de la vía referida.

Exposição ocupacional a bioaerossóis durante atividades de limpeza de quartos de hotel

O presente estudo pretende avaliar a exposição ocupacional a contaminação fúngica e bacteriana em quartos de hotel, mais precisamente em dois quartos com características diferentes, nomeadamente, com pavimento em alcatifa e outro sem alcatifa. Doze amostras de ar de 250L foram colhidas pelo método de impacto, em meio agar de extracto de malte (MEA) suplementado com cloranfenicol (0,05%) para fungos e em meio de TSA (agar de soja tríptica) com nistatina (0,2%) para bactérias. Foram também realizadas amostras de superfície nos mesmos locais. Em ambos os quartos apenas uma amostra de ar, no quarto sem alcatifa, apresentou contagens de fungos mais elevadas do que no exterior. No entanto, as concentrações de bactérias no ar interior foram superiores às do ar exterior. Em relação às superfícies, o quarto sem alcatifa apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao quarto com alcatifa, sendo que o primeiro apresentou concentrações mais elevadas de fungos. Todas as superfícies analisadas apresentaram contaminação bacteriana, mas não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os quartos. Os géneros de fungos mais prevalentes no ar foram idênticos em ambos os quartos (Penicillium sp. 40,7% - 12,3% e Cladosporium sp. 43,5% - 55,4%). Nas superfícies analisadas, os isolados pertencentes ao complexo Aspergillus fumigatus foram os únicos encontrados no quarto com alcatifa, enquanto no outro quarto os géneros mais prevalentes foram Penicillium sp. (63,6%) e Aspergillus sp. (13,6%).

Qualificação de edifícios residenciais verticais em Natal/RN à luz do regulamento técnico da qualidade para o nível de eficiência energética de edificações residenciais (RTQ-R)

The goal of the research was to investigate the energy performance of residential vertical buildings envelope in the hot and humid climate of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, based in the Technical Regulation of Quality for Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings (RTQ -R), launched in 2010. The study pretends to contribute to the development of design strategies appropriate to the specific local climate and the increasing of energy efficiency level of the envelope. The methodological procedures included the survey in 22 (twenty two) residential buildings, the formulation of representative prototypes based on typological and constructives characters researched and the classification of the level of energy efficiency in the envelopment of these prototypes, using as a tool the prescriptive method of the RTQ-R and the parametric analyzes from assigning different values of the following variables: shape of the pavement type; distribution of housing compartments; orientation of the building; area and shading of openings; thermal transmittance, and solar absorptance of opaque materials of the frontage in order to evaluate the influence of these on the envelopment performance. The main results accomplished with this work includes the qualification of vertical residential buildings in Natal/RN; the verification of the adequacy of these buildings to local climate based from the diagnosis of the thermal energy of the envelopment performance, the identification of variables with more significant influence on the prescriptive methodology of RTQ-R and design solutions more favorable to obtain higher levels energy efficiency by this method. Finally, it was verified, that some of these solutions proved contradictory in relation to the recommendations contained in the theoretical approaches regarding environmental comfort in hot and humid weather, which indicates the need for improvement of the prescriptive method RTQ-R and further research on efficient design solutions

Evaluación técnica de las vías de concreto hidráulico del barrio El Centro del municipio de Antiguo Cuscatlán

La presente investigación consistió en la evaluación técnica de las vías de concreto hidráulico del barrio El Centro de Antiguo Cuscatlán, basada en la evaluación de parámetros estructurales y funcionales, evaluados por medio de afores vehiculares, levantamiento de deterioros y extracciones de núcleos, lo que permitió conocer la condición del pavimento tanto estructural como funcional, con la finalidad de proveer a la alcaldía del municipio de Antiguo Cuscatlán información de las condiciones actuales del pavimento, para que tomen las medidas necesarias para su conservación

Efeitos da adição da cal hidratada na estabilização de um solo sedimentar para pavimentação urbana na região de Curitiba

Urban paving is of paramount importance for a city, both socioeconomic and in quality of life. The urban flooring not different so-called road surface are constituted by a set of horizontal layers, overlaid on the ground, which have the main function of supporting the actions induced by the vehicle redistributing the stresses transmitted to the ground. Soils are important materials for the execution of paving, mainly because they are part of the basic structure of the floor and mostly be available in abundance, with a very low cost, however, their properties usually do not meet the requirements necessary to perform the floor. The soil stabilization for the implementation of urban pavement bases and sub-bases is an increasingly important aspect in the current situation, because always there is the concern with the environment, and there is now the clear awareness that every effort should be made to minimize the effects caused by the exploitation of deposits and deposition of material. In this sense this work presents the effects of adding different proportions of lime to stabilize a sedimentary soil sample from the urban area of the city of Curitiba. It selected a sample quantity of soil in the region to study the stabilization insertion of hydrated lime type (CHIII) powder. The two variables in the study are related to the content of lime mixed with the soil at 0% percentages of 3%, 6%, 8% and 16%, and cure times at which these mixtures were subjected to (0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). The tested mixtures were prepared from dosages defined by two methods: one checking the chemical behavior of the samples by means of changes in pH values, and the second analyzing the mechanical behavior through the RCS values. It has been found that the chemical stability analyzed by addition of lime, provided an average increase of RCS in most soil samples studied, because of some physical and chemical characteristics thereof. For mixtures with 6%, 8% and 16% of lime after 28 days of curing, the average RCS was 0,57 MPa, 1,06 MPa and 2,37 MPa, respectively, for the normal proctor, and as for intermediate proctor, in the same curing time and on the same percentages RCS results were 0,54 MPa, 1,04 MPa and 2,71 MPa, respectively. In global terms, the soil-lime mixtures studied showed acceptable behavior by law to use as layers of sub-base. However, only the mixture with 16% of lime, at 28 days, is recommended for use on floors bases. Even so, the mixtures studied constitute a good alternative economic and socio-environmental.

Avaliação do desempenho de fundações em edificação no DF com a utilização de técnicas de interação solo-estrutura

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.

Concepções de formação nos cursos técnicos do instituto federal de Goiás : possibilidade de implementação da politecnia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.

Qualificação de edifícios residenciais verticais em Natal/RN à luz do regulamento técnico da qualidade para o nível de eficiência energética de edificações residenciais (RTQ-R)

The goal of the research was to investigate the energy performance of residential vertical buildings envelope in the hot and humid climate of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, based in the Technical Regulation of Quality for Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings (RTQ -R), launched in 2010. The study pretends to contribute to the development of design strategies appropriate to the specific local climate and the increasing of energy efficiency level of the envelope. The methodological procedures included the survey in 22 (twenty two) residential buildings, the formulation of representative prototypes based on typological and constructives characters researched and the classification of the level of energy efficiency in the envelopment of these prototypes, using as a tool the prescriptive method of the RTQ-R and the parametric analyzes from assigning different values of the following variables: shape of the pavement type; distribution of housing compartments; orientation of the building; area and shading of openings; thermal transmittance, and solar absorptance of opaque materials of the frontage in order to evaluate the influence of these on the envelopment performance. The main results accomplished with this work includes the qualification of vertical residential buildings in Natal/RN; the verification of the adequacy of these buildings to local climate based from the diagnosis of the thermal energy of the envelopment performance, the identification of variables with more significant influence on the prescriptive methodology of RTQ-R and design solutions more favorable to obtain higher levels energy efficiency by this method. Finally, it was verified, that some of these solutions proved contradictory in relation to the recommendations contained in the theoretical approaches regarding environmental comfort in hot and humid weather, which indicates the need for improvement of the prescriptive method RTQ-R and further research on efficient design solutions