997 resultados para Office procedures


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Mode of access: Internet.

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"Met.0.877."

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There is a great deal of literature about the initial stages of innovative design. This is the process whereby a completely new product is conceived, invented and developed. In industry, however, the continuing success of a company is more often achieved by improving or developing existing designs to maintain their marketability. Unfortunately, this process of design by evolution is less well documented. This thesis reports the way in which this process was improved for the sponsoring company. The improvements were achieved by implementing a new form of computer aided design (C.A.D.) system. The advent of this system enabled the company to both shorten the design and development time and also to review the principles underlying the existing design procedures. C.A.D. was a new venture for the company and care had to be taken to ensure that the new procedures were compatible with the existing design office environment. In particular, they had to be acceptable to the design office staff. The C.A.D. system produced guides the designer from the draft specification to the first prototype layout. The computer presents the consequences of the designer's decisions clearly and fully, often by producing charts and sketches. The C.A.D. system and the necessary peripheral facilities were implemented, monitored and maintained. The system structure was left sufficiently flexible for maintenance to be undertaken quickly and effectively. The problems encountered during implementation are well documented in this thesis.

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With the accelerated trend of global warming, the thermal behavior of existing buildings, which were typically designed based on current weather data, may not be able to cope with the future climate. This paper quantifies, through computer simulations, the increased cooling loads imposed by potential global warming and probable indoor temperature increases due to possible undersized air-conditioning system. It is found from the sample office building examined that the existing buildings would generally be able to adapt to the increasing warmth of 2030 year Low and High scenarios projections and 2070 year Low scenario projection. However, for the 2070 year High scenario, the study indicates that the existing office buildings, in all capital cities except for Hobart, will suffer from overheating problems. When the annual average temperature increase exceeds 2°C, the risk of current office buildings subjected to overheating will be significantly increased. For existing buildings which are designed with current climate condition, it is shown that there is a nearly linear correlation between the increase of average external air temperature and the increase of building cooling load. For the new buildings, in which the possible global warming has been taken into account in the design, a 28-59% increase of cooling capacity under 2070 High scenario would be required to improve the building thermal comfort level to an acceptable standard.

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The following paper considers the question, where to office property? In doing so, it focuses, in the first instance, on identifying and describing a selection of key forces for change present within the contemporary operating environment in which office property functions. Given the increasingly complex, dynamic and multi-faceted character of this environment, the paper seeks to identify only the primary forces for change, within the context of the future of office property. These core drivers of change have, for the purposes of this discussion, been characterised as including a range of economic, demographic and socio-cultural factors, together with developments in information and communication technology. Having established this foundation, the paper proceeds to consider the manner in which these forces may, in the future, be manifested within the office property market. Comment is offered regarding the potential future implications of these forces for change together with their likely influence on the nature and management of the physical asset itself. Whilst no explicit time horizon has been envisioned in the preparation of this paper particular attention has been accorded short to medium term trends, that is, those likely to emerge in the office property marketplace over the coming two decades. Further, the paper considers the question posed, in respect of the future of office property, in the context of developed western nations. The degree of commonality seen in these mature markets is such that generalisations may more appropriately and robustly be applied. Whilst some of the comments offered with respect to the target market may find application in other arenas, it is beyond the scope of this paper to explicitly consider highly heterogeneous markets. Given also the wide scope of this paper key drivers for change and their likely implications for the commercial office property market are identified at a global level (within the above established parameters). Accordingly, the focus is necessarily such that it serves to reflect overarching directions at a universal level (with the effect being that direct applicability to individual markets - when viewed in isolation on a geographic or property type specific basis – may not be fitting in all instances)