Proto-South-East Asia as a trigger of early angiosperm diversification

Darwin described as an 'abominable mystery' the abrupt origin of angiosperms in the mid-Cretaceous and the high diversification rates in their early history. The father of evolutionary theory could not fathom this rapid diversification and rather invoked that 'there was during long ages a small isolated continent in the S. hemisphere, which served as the birthplace of the higher plants'. In this essay, we comment on the spatial origin of angiosperms, but focus primarily on understanding the abiotic factors that promoted the early diversification of angiosperms by reviewing palaeobotanical, palaeogeographical, phylogenetics and biogeographical evidence. We argue that islands located in the region today occupied by South-East Asia played a major role in angiosperm diversification during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.

Joannis Joviani Pontani Opera omnia, soluta oratione composita Nomina librorum qui in hisse tribus partibus continentur, à tergo hujus paginae notatae reperiuntur

Comprend : Centum Ptolemaei Sententiae ad Syrum fratrem a Pontano è graeco in latinum tralatae, atque expositae

Joannis Joviani Pontani Opera omnia, soluta oratione composita Nomina librorum qui in hisse tribus partibus continentur, à tergo hujus paginae notatae reperiuntur

Comprend : Centum Ptolemaei Sententiae ad Syrum fratrem a Pontano è graeco in latinum tralatae, atque expositae

M. Tullii Ciceronis opera, omnium quae hactenus excusa sunt castigatissima, nunc primum in lucem edita (a Petro Victorio). Opéra rhetorica

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M. Tullii Ciceronis opera, omnium quae hactenus excusa sunt castigatissima, nunc primum in lucem edita (a Petro Victorio). Secundus tomus M. T. Ciceronis orationes habet, ab Andrea Naugerio, in suam integritatem restitutas

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M. Tullii Ciceronis opera, omnium quae hactenus excusa sunt castigatissima, nunc primum in lucem edita (a Petro Victorio). Tertius tomus Marci Tullii Ciceronis epistolarum libros continet

Comprend : Explicationes suarum in Ciceronem castigationum

M. Tullii Ciceronis opera, omnium quae hactenus excusa sunt castigatissima, nunc primum in lucem edita (a Petro Victorio). Petri Victorii explicationes suarum in Ciceronem castigationum. - Index omnium qui hactenus excusi sunt

Comprend : Explicationes suarum in Ciceronem castigationum

Reliure de : Opera mathematica Joannis Schoneri,... in unum volumen congesta...

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Reliure de : @ . Xenophontis Omnia quae extant opera , multorum veterum exemplarium ope (quorum bonam partem bibliotheca viri illustris Huldrici Fuggeri suppeditavit) a multis mendorum sordibus... purgata... Epistolarum Xenophontis fragmenta quaedam haec editio praeter alias habet. In Xenophontem annotationes Henrici Stephani... Indicem copiosissimum, cum latina interpretatione innumeris in locis emendata habebis

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Reliure de : Luciani Samosatensis Opera quae quidem extant omnia, e graeco sermone in latinum, partim jam olim diversis autoribus, partim nunc demum per Jacobum Micyllum, quaecunque reliqua fuere translata. Cum argumentis et annotationibus ejusdem passim adjectis... Francoforti, apud Chrisitanum Egenolphum Hadamarium. - "A la fin" : Francoforti, Christianus Aegenolphus excudebat, mense martio, anno M.D.XXXVIII

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Effects of fou8/fry1 mutation on sulfur metabolism: is decreased internal sulfate the trigger of sulfate starvation response?

The fou8 loss of function allele of adenosine bisphosphate phosphatase FIERY1 results in numerous phenotypes including the increased enzymatic oxygenation of fatty acids and increased jasmonate synthesis. Here we show that the mutation causes also profound alterations of sulfur metabolism. The fou8 mutants possess lower levels of sulfated secondary compounds, glucosinolates, and accumulate the desulfo-precursors similar to previously described mutants in adenosine 5'phosphosulfate kinase. Transcript levels of genes involved in sulfate assimilation differ in fou8 compared to wild type Col-0 plants and are similar to plants subjected to sulfate deficiency. Indeed, independent microarray analyses of various alleles of mutants in FIERY1 showed similar patterns of gene expression as in sulfate deficient plants. This was not caused by alterations in signalling, as the fou8 mutants contained significantly lower levels of sulfate and glutathione and, consequently, of total elemental sulfur. Analysis of mutants with altered levels of sulfate and glutathione confirmed the correlation of sulfate deficiency-like gene expression pattern with low internal sulfate but not low glutathione. The changes in sulfur metabolism in fou8 correlated with massive increases in 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate levels. The analysis of fou8 thus revealed that sulfate starvation response is triggered by a decrease in internal sulfate as opposed to external sulfate availability and that the presence of desulfo-glucosinolates does not induce the glucosinolate synthesis network. However, as well as resolving these important questions on the regulation of sulfate assimilation in plants, fou8 has also opened an array of new questions on the links between jasmonate synthesis and sulfur metabolism.