A distance too far away : a novel and exegesis

This practice-led research examines the generative function of loss in fiction that explores themes of grief and longing. This research considers how loss may be understood as a structuring mechanism through which characters evaluate time, resolve loss and affect future change. The creative work is a work of literary fiction titled A Distance Too Far Away. Aubrey, the story’s protagonist, is a woman in her twenties living in Brisbane in the early 1980s, carving out an independent life for herself away from her family. Through a flashback narrative sequence, told from the perspective of the twelve year narrator, Aubrey retraces a significant point of rupture in her life following a series of family tragedies. A Distance Too Far Away explores the tension between belonging and freedom, and considers how the past provides a malleable space for illuminating desire in order to traverse the gap between the world as it is and the world as we want it to be. The exegetical component of this research considers an alternative critical frame for interpreting the work of American author Anne Tyler, a writer who has had a significant influence on my own practice. Frequently criticised for creating sentimental and inert characters, many critics observe that nothing happens in Tyler’s circular plots. This research challenges these assertions, and through a contextual analysis of Tyler’s Ladder of Years (1995) investigates how Tyler engages with memory and nostalgia in order to move across time and resolve loss.

Publishing, postage, and prizes : classic Australian children’s literature in the public eye

2012 saw the publication of competing and complementary lines of Australian “classics”: “A&R Australian Classics” (HarperCollins) and “Text Classics” (Text Publishing). While Angus and Robertson were key in establishing a canon of Australian children’s classics in the twentieth century, it was the Text Classics line which included a selection of young people’s titles in their 2013. In turn, Penguin Australia launched a selection of “Australian Children’s Classics”. In so doing, these publishers were drawing on particular literary and visual cultural traditions in Australian children’s literature. Public assertions of a particular selection of children’s books reveals not only contemporary assumptions about desirable childhood experiences but about the operation of nostalgia therein. In encouraging Australian adults to judge books by their covers, such gestures imply that Australian children may be similarly understood. Importantly, the illusion of unity, sameness, and legibility which is promised by circumscribed canons of “classic” children’s literature may well imply a desire for similarly illusory, unified, legible, “classic” childhood. This paper attends to public attempts to materialise (and legitimise) a canon of classic Australian children’s literature. In particular, it considers the ways in which publishing, postage stamps, and book awards make visible a range of children’s books, but do so in order to either fix or efface the content or meaning of the books themselves. Moving between assertions of the best books for children from the 1980s to today, and of the social values circulated within those books, this paper considers the possibilities and problematics of an Australian children’s canon.

Never-Never Land : affective landscapes, the touristic gaze and heterotopic space in Australia

This article explores how the imaginative use of the landscape in Baz Luhrmann’s Australia (2008) intersects with the fantasy of Australianness that the film constructs. We argue the fictional Never-Never Land through which the film’s characters travel is an, albeit problematic, ‘indigenizing’ space that can be entered imaginatively through cultural texts including poetry, literature and film, or through cultural practices including touristic pilgrimages to landmarks such as Uluru and Kakadu National Park. These actual and virtual journeys to the Never-Never have broader implications in terms of fostering a sense of belonging and legitimating white presence in the land through affect, nostalgia and the invocation of an imagined sense of solidarity and community. The heterotopic concept of the Never-Never functions to create an ahistorical, inclusive space that grounds diverse conceptions of Australianness in a shared sense of belonging and home that is as mythical, contradictory and wondrous as the idea of the Never-Never itself. The representations of this landscape and the story of the characters that traverse it self-consciously construct a relationship to past events and to film history, as well as constructing a comfortable subject position for contemporary Australians to occupy in relation to the land, the colonial past, and the present.

Acoustic, electric and virtual noise : the cultural identity of the guitar

Guitar technology underwent significant changes in the 20th century in the move from acoustic to electric instruments. In the first part of the 21st century, the guitar continues to develop through its interaction with digital technologies. Such changes in guitar technology are usually grounded in what we might call the "cultural identity" of the instrument: that is, the various ways that the guitar is used to enact, influence and challenge sociocultural and musical discourses. Often, these different uses of the guitar can be seen to reflect a conflict between the changing concepts of "noise" and "musical sound."

Medieval knights amid the gum-trees : the experience of European heritage tourism in south-east Queensland, Australia

This paper is interested in the way in which the heritage of another place, time, and culture is repurposed for popular consumption in an experience economy, as well as the way in which the visitors experience their own past and the past of others. We trace the processes of engagement, education and nostalgia that occur when the European heritage is presented in a postcolonial context and an Australian environment. The information presented includes the results of qualitative and quantitative research conducted at the Abbey Museum over the December-Jan. period of 2012-13.

Mauve: How one man invented the colour that changed the world

In an essay, "The Books of Last Things", Delia Falconer discusses the emergence of a new genre in publishing - microhistories. She cites a number of recent titles in non-fiction and fiction - Longitude, Cod, Tulips, Pushkin's Button, Nathaniel's Nutmeg, Zarafa, The Surgeon of Crowthorne, The Potato, The Perfect Storm. Delia Falconer observes of this tradition: "One has the sense, reading these books, of a surprising weight, of pleasant shock. In part, it is because we are looking at things which are generally present around us, but modestly out of sight and mind - historical nitty gritty like cod, potatoes, longitudinal clocks - which the authors have thrust suddenly, like a Biblical visitation of frogs or locusts, in our face. Things like spice and buttons and clocks are generally seen to enable history on the large scale, but are not often viewed as its worthy subjects. And by the same grand logic of history, more unusual phenomena like cabinets of curiosities or glass-making or farm lore or sailors' knots are simply odd blips on its radar screen, interesting footnotes. These new books, microhistories, reverse the usual order of history, which argues from the general to the particular, in order to prove its inevitable progress. They start from the footnotes. But by reversing the process, and walking through the back door of history, you don't necessarily end up at the front of the same house." Delia Falconer speculates about the reasons for the popularity of microhistories. She concludes: "I would like to think that reading them is not simply an exercise in nostalgia, but a challenge to the present". In Mauve, Simon Garfield provides a new way of thinking and writing about the history of intellectual property. Instead of providing a grand historical narrative of intellectual property, he tells the story of a particular invention, and its exploitation. Simon Garfield relates how English chemist William Perkin accidentally discovered a way to mass-produce colour mauve in a factory. Working on a treatment for malaria in his London home laboratory, Perkin failed to produce artificial quinine. Instead he created a dark oily sludge that turned silk a beautiful light purple. The colour was unique and became the most desirable shade in the fashion houses of Paris and London. ... The book Mauve will have a number of contemporary resonances for intellectual property lawyers and academics. Simon Garfield emphasizes the difficulties inherent in commercialising an invention and managing intellectual property. He investigates the uneasy collaboration between industry and science. Simon Garfield suggests that complaints about the efficacy of patent offices are perennial. He also highlights the problems faced by courts and law-makers in accommodating new technologies within the logic of patent law. In his elegant microhistory of the colour mauve, Simon Garfield confirms the conclusion of Brad Sherman and Lionel Bently that many aspects of modern intellectual property law can only be understood through an understanding of the past: "The image of intellectual property law that developed during the 19th century and the narrative of identity which this engendered played and continue to play an important role in the way we think about and understand intellectual property law".

Passion vallassa : Hermostunut aika Minna Canthin teoksissa

Under the power of passion. The age of nervousness in Minna Canth s works This research contemplates the psychology of Minna Canth s characters through the historical image of man in late 19th century Europe. The central operative term of the study is passion , understood as a twofold philosophical concept that includes both desire and suffering. The method of this study is historical and contextual. The study interprets the passions and the psychology of Canth s characters as they were understood in their own time. The indicator of the relevant contexts is the realist and naturalist genre of Canth s works. New research on the genre of the time is also the basis of a new kind of psychological approach to Canth s works. The most important context of passion in Canth s works is the positivistic and pathological image of man at the end of the 19th century. Then, passion was widely discussed, and was perceived as a physiological phenomenon that influenced humans neurologically and caused different kinds of physiological symptoms and nervous disorders. But at the same time, passion was understood as a manifestation of human instincts and drives. The naturalistic literature of the day aimed at creating deterministic studies of human morality and psychology following Émile Zola s application of experimental science methods in his writing. The pathological image of man is most explicitly manifested in Canth s formerly unknown short story Lääkäri (Doctor, 1891), in which a doctor who is interested in psychology visits a jail to meet a peculiar criminal, a girl who feels no remorse for her multiple crimes. In other works of Canth the medically motivated viewpoint is more hidden in the deterministic narrative and depiction of the characters. The present study approaches the passion in Minna Canth s works through five thematic chapters, in witch characters are interpreted suffering from blind love, ennui, crippling romantic idealism, melancholy, guilt and nostalgia, and their stories can be prescribed as medical histories which depict the born of the passion and its development towards ruin. All protagonists are also manifestations of their own time. Canth criticises the modern life and its demands as well as social defects through the tragic stories of individuals. The study demonstrates that Canth did not, like previous research has suggested, wait until the 1890s before writing works of a psychological nature but had already written according to the psychological paradigm of her time in Työmiehen vaimo (1885). The social and psychological interests intertwine in Canth s works and are not exclusionary as has formerly been interpreted. Canth is also critical of the medical power implicit in the naturalist experimental method and this shows itself especially in her depiction of working class women.

Stories of Survival: Knowledge Intensive Organisations and the Finnish 1990s Recession

The recession that hit the Finnish economy at the beginning of the 1990s has been regarded as unusually severe. Organisations’ failure to survive the recession has been researched in their various aspects. However, the reasons for why and how organisations that survived did so have been explored to a somewhat lesser extent. This study concerns organisations that survived rather than those that failed to do so, as studying successful experiences is acknowledged as an important source for learning how to counteract future failure. The thesis examines four knowledge intensive organisations, with the focus on managerial and social aspects of the crisis handling processes. The study deals with managers’ and co-workers’ stories about organisational attempts to survive, rather than seeking to identify causal relationships. Drawing upon a narrative approach and a social constructionist perspective, the crisis handling processes are treated as reconstructions and rationalisations of what happened. A primary assumption of this thesis is that we make sense of experiences in retrospect, and the aim is to describe the handling of crisis situations and the hardships related to economic difficulties, by focusing on the interviewees’ explanations of how those difficulties were dealt with. The stories are about taking control despite the threats induced by an extremely severe economic recession, remaining active, how the managers and their co-workers dealt with the uncertainty experienced, and how the organisations subsequently survived. The analysis also interrogates such issues as trust, authenticity, legitimacy, identity and nostalgia in crisis contexts.

Muistoja kadonneesta valtiosta: DDR:n arkipäivän muistaminen, museoiminen ja Ostalgie

Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa käsitellään DDR:n arkipäivän muistamista ja museoimista sekä DDR-nostalgiaa eli Ostalgieta. Tutkielmassa esitellään erilaisia näkökulmia muistin ja nostalgian muotoutumiseen ja pohditaan sitä, millä tavoin Saksan menneisyys ja historiapolitiikka ovat vaikuttaneet siihen, kuinka DDR:n menneisyyttä nykyään käsitellään. Työ perustuu Berliinissä, Saksassa huhti-heinäkuussa 2010 kerättyyn aineistoon, joka koostuu haastatteluista, vierailuista DDR:n arkipäivää käsitteleviin museoihin sekä verkkoaineistosta. DDR:n arkipäivää esittelevissä museoissa DDR:n materiaalinen menneisyys on pyritty säilyttämään, jotta muisti siitä ei katoaisi. Museoiden näyttelyt herättelevät ja ylläpitävät muistia sekä valistavat kävijöitä siitä, millaista tavallinen ja arkinen elämä DDR:ssä oli. Museot luovat korostetun ei-poliittisilla ja arkipäiväisillä näyttelyillä vastanarratiiveja viralliselle valtion DDR:stä ylläpitämälle suurnarratiiville, jossa DDR nähdään pelkkänä totalitaarisena diktatuurina ja sorron symbolina. Yhteisöpalvelu Facebookista löytyvässä keskusteluryhmä DDR Zonenkinderissä ihmiset jakavat omakohtaisia ja subjektiivisia muistojaan menneestä. Ryhmä luo vapaan ja avoimen foorumin jakaa muistoja, tuntea yhteisöllisyyttä ja koota kollektiivista muistia menneestä. Sekä DDR-museot että DDR Zonenkinder synnyttävät vaihtoehtoisia näkemyksiä DDR:n menneisyydestä, nämä ovat muussa keskustelussa ovat jääneet vähemmälle huomiolle. DDR:n kaaduttua 1989 ja vuotta myöhemmin Saksojen yhdistyttyä alkoi Saksassa kiivas keskustelu siitä, kuinka DDR:n menneisyyttä tulisi käsitellä. Saksa on toistaiseksi ainoa maa, jossa on yhden vuosisadan aikana järjestetty kaksi totuuskomissiota: ensimmäinen holokaustin ja toinen DDR:n kaatumisen jälkeen. Saksan kielessä on jopa kaksi sanaa, Vergangenheitsbeweltigung sekä Geschichtsaufarbeitung, jotka tarkoittavat menneisyyden käsittelyä tai sen työstämistä. Voi siis sanoa, että vaikean menneisyyden käsittely on saksalaisten erityisosaamista. Totuuskomissio, rajavartioiden oikeudenkäynnit, Stasin arkistojen läpikäyminen sekä DDR:n vertaaminen kolmanteen valtakuntaan saivat itäsaksalaiset tuntemaan itsensä toisen luokan kansalaisiksi, joilla ei ollut oikeutta omaan menneisyyteensä, mutta ei myöskään omaan tulevaisuuteensa. Itäsaksalaisista tuntui, ettei heidän elämänsä menneisyys näkynyt Länsi-Saksan hallinnoimassa historiankirjoituksessa. DDR:n nopea katoaminen niin poliittisena järjestelmänä kuin materiaalisena kulttuurina kiihdytti Ostalgien syntyä. Itäsaksalaisten vuosikymmeniä odottamat läntiset kulutushyödykkeet sekä vauraus ja hyvinvointi eivät saavuttaneetkaan itää siinä määrin ja yhtä nopeasti kuin siellä oli oletettu. Yhdistymisen aikaansaama euforia muuttui pian pettymykseksi, kun uuteen systeemin sopeutuminen ei onnistunut kivuttomasti. Analyysissa käytetään Daphne Berdahlin näkemystä Ostalgiesta keinona luoda vastanarratiiveja. Tämän lisäksi analyysissä tukeudutaan Paul Cooken näkemykseen Ostalgiesta Länsi-Saksan harjoittaman itäsaksalaisen kulttuurin ja historian kolonisaation vastustamisena. Tutkielmassa Ostalgie nähdään itäsaksalaisten vastarintana ja itsemääräämisoikeuden vaatimisena. Tutkielmassa tullaan myös siihen johtopäätökseen, että Ostalgiessa pohjimmiltaan kysymys on uuden järjestelmän ja länsimaisen kulttuurin hallitsemisesta ripauksella itäsaksalaista erityislaatuisuutta eikä niinkään menneisyyden haikailusta tai halusta palauttaa DDR valtiona tai poliittisena järjestelmänä. Ostalgien avulla itäsaksalaiset rakentavat uudenlaista identiteettiä uudessa systeemissä, mutta kuitenkin säilyttävät osan jotain vanhaa ja erityslaatuista.

Kaupunkilaiskuluttajat lähiruokaostoksilla - suuria makuelämyksiä pieniltä tuottajilta

Tutkielmani tavoitteena on kuvata lähiruokaa ilmiönä. Tarkastelen lähiruokaa ja helsinkiläisten kuluttajien käsityksiä lähiruuasta kolmen teeman kautta. Ne ovat vastuullisuus, identiteetti ja nostalgia. Tarkoitus oli pohtia ja selvittää, kuinka kuluttajat määrittelevät lähiruuan, mitä lähiruoka merkitsee kuluttajille ja millaisia merkityksiä lähiruokaan liitetään. Tutkimukseni empiirinen osuus koostuu 22 kuluttajan haastattelusta ja lähiruokaan erikoistuneissa liikkeissä tekemistäni havainnoista. Haastateltavia sain kontaktoimalla suoraan lähiruokaostoksilla olleita kuluttajia. Litteroituani ja koodattuani haastatteluaineiston, analysoin sen teemoittelun avulla. Tekemieni haastattelujen ja havaintojen pohjalta tein päätelmiä kuluttajien lähiruokaan liittämistä määritelmistä, merkityksistä ja asenteista. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että kuluttajat määrittelevät lähiruuan ensisijaisesti sen tuottajan, myyntipaikan ja ruuan kulkeman matkan perusteella. Lähiruuan tuottaja on pientuottaja. Kuluttajan on helppo määrittää lähiruoka sen myyntipaikan perusteella, koska lähiruokaa myydään pääasiassa toreilla, kauppahalleissa, tilamyynnissä ja erikoisliikkeissä. Lähiruuan kulkeman matkan tulisi olla mahdollisimman lyhyt. Lisäksi ruuan alkuperän tulee olla tarkasti tiedossa. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella lähiruoka voitaisiin määritellä ”perinteitä kunnioittavaksi ruuaksi, joka valmistuu käsityönä lähellä kasvaneista, puhtaista ja aidoista raaka-aineista”. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että useimmat kuluttajat rinnastavat kotimaisen ruuan lähiruokaan. Lähiruoka on kotimaista, mutta useimmiten se saa kotimaisuuden lisäksi tarkempia määritelmiä. Lähiruoka merkitsee kuluttajille makua, terveellisyyttä ja vastuullisuutta. Tähän perustuvat myös tutkimuksessa esiin tulleet lähiruuan kuluttajatyypit: kulinaristit, puhtaan ruuan ystävät ja maailmanparantajat. Lähiruokaan suhtaudutaan hyvin avoimesti ja luottavaisesti, mutta ongelmana on jakelu ja tuotteiden saatavuus. Lähiruuan kuluttajat ovat tällä hetkellä pääasiassa ihmisiä, joilla on aikaa ja kiinnostusta itse ottaa selvää tuotteista ja niiden saatavuudesta. Kuluttajat liittävät lähiruokaan vahvasti käsityöläisyyden ja itse tekemisen. Kaikkein aidointa lähiruokaa on itse kasvatettu, kerätty, kalastettu tai metsästetty ruoka. Lähiruokaa pidetään ensisijaisesti vaihtoehtona teollisesti tuotetulle ruualle. Lähiruoka herättääkin ihmisissä usein nostalgisia tunteita eli kaipuuta menneeseen aikaan, jolloin ruoka oli ”rehellisesti tuotettua” ja maut ”aitoja”. Lähiruoka tuottaa heille tunteita, elämyksiä ja makuja, joita kaupunkiympäristössä ei muuten pysty saavuttamaan.

Documentos Históricos - VIII. Homenaje a Mariano Manuel Martínez. Part 1.

Este documento recuerda la figura de Mariano M. Martínez a diez años de su fallecimiento. Se han compilado los homenajes y semblanzas realizadas en ese período y se señalan algunas de sus importantes contribuciones. Los escritos de su padre, amigos y colegas nos describen su capacidad, bonhomía, generosidad y amor por la vida, lo que hizo de Mariano un individuo singular y carismático. Por esto, quién escribe estas líneas, considera que poco se puede agregar a lo ya dicho, ya que el conjunto nos brinda una acabada síntesis de su persona. Las Ciencias Naturales de la Argentina perdieron tempranamente a uno de sus estudiosos y los que tuvimos el privilegio de compartir momentos de su vida, tuvimos a un ser invalorable que recordamos con una profunda nostalgia. (PDF tiene 22 paginas.)

Teixeira de Pascoaes e Manoel de Barros não sabem que sabem o que Freud e Lacan descobriram

A psicanálise e a arte sempre se atraíram. Freud e Lacan se utilizam muito da literatura, das artes plásticas, da música e do teatro para a ilustração de importantes conceitos psicanalíticos. Esta dissertação tem a intenção de mostrar a relação da psicanálise com a literatura, sobretudo, da psicanálise com a poesia. Através da obra do poeta e escritor português Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877-1952), o principal representante do saudosismo e uma das mais proeminentes figuras da cultura portuguesa do século XX, e do poeta brasileiro Manoel de Barros, considerado por muitos, o maior poeta brasileiro vivo, ratificaremos como a literatura foi fundamental para a construção do corpus teórico de Freud e Lacan e de outros grandes autores da psicanálise. Usaremos a poesia de Pascoaes e Barros para exemplificarmos conceitos como a pulsão, o inconsciente e a sublimação, este último, inacabado pelo pai da psicanálise. Mostraremos também, como a obra dos dois poetas, de alguma forma, se encontram

Wytwarzanie przestrzeni autentycznej jako krytyka nowoczesności

The paper discusses social practices of creating as well as producing authentic objects and space. My deliberations are based on the thesis of the authors of the books The tourist gaze (John Urry), The tourist. A new theory of the leisure class (Dean MacCannell); Contested natures (Phil Macnaghten and John Urry), but also on my own research concerning attitudes towards wolfs in western and eastern Poland. The point of the article is that at the age of the new visual media, postmodernism and posttourism, when it is difficult to recognize whether an object is the original or a copy, man still wants to stand on the firm ground of genuine values. The sociologists mentioned above claim that this is why in the modern world there is a demand for authentic objects and so in an answer to this need such attractions like w i l d n e s s and r u s t i c i t y are produced. In the first part of the article I present an example of a visual product – an English cottage. Secondly, basing on the results of some research concerning attitudes towards wolves, I attempt to show that in Poland there are also some practices the idea of which is to create an authentic space - wild nature. Finally I emphasize that constructed authentic space, scenes, and landscapes are examples of myths – wildness, rusticity – the consequence of nostalgia for lost authentic world.

Życie po wybuchu. Refleksy transformacji w czeskiej dramaturgii po 1989 roku

Niniejszy esej poświęcony jest analizie czeskich, teatralnych refleksji na temat rzeczywistości po transformacji politycznej. Przegląd wybranych sztuk, powstałych w latach 1994-2006, zawiera krótkie literaturoznawcze opracowania tekstów M. Bambuška, L. Baláka i J. Topola, dopełnione uwagami na temat dzieł D. Drábka i M. Urbana. Skatalogowano powtarzające się w sztukach wymienionych autorów motywy: czekania na barbarzyńców, poczucia epistemologicznego i społecznego chaosu, neotrybalizmu i spustoszenia w dziedzinie międzyludzkiej komunikacji (kryzys języka). Pomocną kategorią, wywodzącą się z amerykańskiej socjologii, jest backlash: stan po wybuchu. Backlash jest stanem psychologicznym (również w sensie psycho- logii społecznej), który skłania do podejmowania decyzji nieracjonalnych i niebezpiecznych, służących wyłącznie zniesieniu poczucia niepewności i tęsknoty. Ten stan obserwują i komentują wymienieni autorzy sztuk teatralnych.

Heritage

This article examines the concepts, definitions, policies, and practices of heritage in a contemporary context. Within recent years, there have been significant shifts in our understandings and applications of heritage concepts and policies in the modern world. ‘Heritage’ emerged as a buzz word in international policy arenas in the 1980s and early 1990s, and has since weathered the vagaries of turbulent definitional and governance–nomenclature storms, as traditional debates about ‘what it is and what it is not’ reverberate around academia and state agencies alike. Policy and funding structures for heritage are determined by the classifications used to define them in various countries. Typically, reference is made to ‘built heritage’, ‘natural heritage’, and ‘intangible heritage’, loosely reflecting buildings, landscapes, and culture. Aspects of heritage are used by the cultural and tourism industries to add economic value, through heritage tourism sites, museums, and other activities. The cultural tourism product is often anchored around notions of heritage, and in postmodern, post-tourist societies, boundaries between culture, (travel) space, and identities are increasingly blurred. Issues of authenticity become important in the representation of heritage, and questions are asked about the validity of nostalgia versus realism. The role of heritage is examined in the context of identity formulation at individual and nation-state levels, and the political aspects of this are also discussed. Finally, heritage conservation is assessed through an examination of UNESCO’s World Heritage Site listing and protection strategy. In a changing world, new constructs of heritage, identity, authenticity, and representation will continue to emerge as meanings are constantly renegotiated over time and space.