Between violent and non-violent action strategies: a study on extreme-right organizations in Italy and Spain. IHS Political Science Series No. 130, July 2012

This paper focuses on the different forms of action adopted by extreme right organizations (both political parties and non-party groups) in Italy and Spain during their recent mobilization and links them to the environmental conditions and internal organizational factors which might affect them. With particular attention paid to the actors’ perceptions of reality, the macro-level factors (such as the favourable or unfavourable political opportunities of the context, the availability of allies in power, the degree of repression by authorities, etc.) as well as the meso-level factors (such as the internal characteristics of extreme right groups and their dynamics) will be explored in order to understand the action strategies of extreme right organizations and their recourse to violence. This paper, drawing on a combination of qualitative and quantitative research techniques, will be based on 20 semi-structured interviews with extreme right representatives of the main right wing organizations in Italy and Spain as well as a protest event analysis of newspapers dating from 2005 to 2009.

Gallia christiana, in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa : qua series & historia archiepiscoporum, episcoporum & abbatum Franciae vicinarumque ditionum ... opera et studio Domni DionysiiSammarthani, presbyteri et monachii ordinis Sancti Benedicti e congregatione Sancti Mauri nec non monachorum ejusdem congregationis.

Begun by two brothers, Scévole und Louis de Sainte Marthe ; continued and published by the three sons of Louis (4 vols., 1656) ; continued in the 18th century by Denis de Sainte-Marthe and the members of the Benedictine congregation of St. Maur; completed in the 19th century by Barthelemy Hauréau.

Nicolai Laurentii Burmanni Flora Indica : cui accedit series zoophytorum Indicorum, nec non prodromus florae Capensis.

Reprint. Originally published: Lugduni Batavorum : Apud C. Haek ; Amstelaedami : Apud J. Schreuderum, 1768.

Zero-non-zero patterned vector error correction modeling for I(2) cointegrated time series with applications in testing PPP and stock market relationships

Vector error-correction models (VECMs) have become increasingly important in their application to financial markets. Standard full-order VECM models assume non-zero entries in all their coefficient matrices. However, applications of VECM models to financial market data have revealed that zero entries are often a necessary part of efficient modelling. In such cases, the use of full-order VECM models may lead to incorrect inferences. Specifically, if indirect causality or Granger non-causality exists among the variables, the use of over-parameterised full-order VECM models may weaken the power of statistical inference. In this paper, it is argued that the zero–non-zero (ZNZ) patterned VECM is a more straightforward and effective means of testing for both indirect causality and Granger non-causality. For a ZNZ patterned VECM framework for time series of integrated order two, we provide a new algorithm to select cointegrating and loading vectors that can contain zero entries. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm in tests of purchasing power parity and a three-variable system involving the stock market.