New product development proficiency and multi-country product rollout timeliness

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to address a gap in the understanding of the indirect effects of marketing and technical factors on time efficiency in developing a new product and international new product launch. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopts a contingency perspective in examining the relationships between antecedents and on-time completion (or timeliness) of new product development (NPD) and international new product rollout (INPR). A conceptual framework is tested based on data obtained on 232 NPD projects undertaken by Korean firms. Findings: The results show that NPD proficiencies mediate to a greater or lesser extent the effects of key antecedents (e.g. cross-functional linkages, project fit with available marketing resources, and effective coordination of headquarters-subsidiary/agents' activities) on timeliness in NPD and INPR. Research limitations/implications: Empirical research on the role of marketing and technical proficiencies in improving NPD timeliness and rollout timeliness in the context of international NPD affirms the importance of adopting a contingency perspective in examining the antecedents of NPD and multi-market entry timeliness. Practical implications: This paper lends insight into the role of overseas subsidiaries or agents in helping to build the technical proficiencies of emerging country companies. Originality/value: This is the first review focusing on the mediating influences on time dimensions (e.g. timeliness) in multi-country product launches. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Fluid dynamics and platelet deposition in a model arterial stenosis

The objective of this study was to gain further understanding and elucidation of the fluid dynamic factors and flow-induced mechanisms of the thrombogenic process of platelet deposition onto, and possible subsequent embolization from, the walls of an arterial stenosis. This has been accomplished by measurement of the axial dependence of platelet deposition within a modeled arterial stenosis for a transitional flow and a completely laminar flow field. The stenotic region of the model was collagen-coated to simulate a damaged endothelial lining of an artery. Fluid dynamics within a stenosis was studied using qualitative flow visualization, and was further compared to the in vitro platelet deposition studies. Normalized platelet density (NPD) measurements indicate decreased levels of NPD in the high shear throat region of the stenosis for a Reynolds number of 300 and a drastic increase in NPD at the throat for a Reynolds number of 175. This study provides further understanding of the flow dynamic effects on thrombus development within a stenosis. ^

Global distribution of modern shallow marine shorelines. Implications for exploration and reservoir analogue studies

Acknowledgments Support for this work came from the SAFARI consortium which was funded by Bayern Gas, ConocoPhillips, Dana Petroleum, Dong Energy, Eni Norge, GDF Suez, Idemitsu, Lundin, Noreco, OMV, Repsol, Rocksource, RWE, Statoil, Suncor, Total, PDO, VNG and the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). This manuscript has benefited from discussion with Bruce Ainsworth, Rachel Nanson and Christian Haug Eide. Boyan Vakarelov and Richard Davis Jr. are thanked for their constructive reviews and valuable comments that helped to improve the manuscript.

Market-oriented new product development of health promoting foods for the ageing population

Major factors influencing food development and food marketing strategies in global market places at present can be attributable to the changing age structure of the population. The significant shifts in global age structure will inevitably lead to the number of people aged 60 reaching an all-time high of one billion by the year 2020. The rapidly growing population of ageing people globally represents a large, neglected and very much under-developed category within the Food Industry. The primary focus of this study was the integration of knowledge creation techniques at early NPD stages, for the development of market-oriented new health promoting foods for the ageing population. The methodology of this study was centered on an exploratory sequential mixed methods strategy. Stage one of the study involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 Stakeholders to facilitate the need identification stage of the NPD process. The main outputs identified were the need for: the fortification of foods for a preventative nutrition approach, the development of foods that targeted age-related conditions such as cognitive, heart, gut and bone health, the integration of ageing compensatory packaging adaptations and the creation of marketing messages with an active lifestyle message. Stage two consisted of a market-oriented computer assisted NPD technique, a user centered design interaction (UCD) to integrate consumers as co-creators throughout the idea generation stage of the NPD process. The most important product attributes identified in this stage included: products targeted at brain and cognitive health, liquid based beverages, easy to use packaging with environmentally friendly elements, simplistic marketing with a clear focus on health not age and realistic health claims constructed with consumer friendly terminology. Finally, Stage three used an abbreviated means-end chain (MEC) analysis to complete the concept development stage of the NPD process. This stage identified commercial information that could be used by food firms for the development of positioning and communication strategies. Equally, the information generated could be of high strategic importance to governments, policy makers, health professionals and medical professionals. The values and goals listed in this stage included: better overall health, active lifestyle, optimum nutrition and wellbeing feelings. Overall, this research illustrated that knowledge creation techniques can assist firms in the development of market-oriented health promoting foods for the ageing population.

SUPPLIER INVOLVEMENT IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY

Global competition requires that the companies adapt themselves to technological changes rapidly, develop new products, reduce the cost, shorten the time to market, and increase the quality. In this context, supplier involvement in New Product Development (NPD) is determinant for a company to respond to the requirements of the increasingly dynamic markets. The main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the importance of supplier involvement in NPD, buyer-supplier relationships and their effects on buyer’s NPD process, highlighting the benefits of supplier involvement, the barriers, the strategic aspects and industry aspects. These issues are addressed with a case study from the semiconductor industry. Besides helping to understand NPD in the semiconductor industry, the contribution and fi ndings of this work are clear: the results achieved confirm the findings of studies referred in the literature review, and confirm that the semiconductor industry sector requires a closer and more complex relationship structure with suppliers, given the specificities and challenges of the sector, such as rapid technological changes, permanent innovation, global competition, reduction of cost and time-to-market cycle, increased capacity, among other. The main contribution of the paper to the scientific literature and to managers is the better understanding of the buyer-supplier relationships in NPD in the semiconductor industry.

Un essai de socialisme au Québec : le PSQ

En 1972, à l'occasion d'un cours sur les tiers partis politiques au Québec, nous avions eu à rédiger une brève étude sur le Parti Socialiste du Québec, étude qui s'était alors entièrement basée sur quelques articles des revues Parti Pris et Cité Libre ainsi que sur le journal Le Devoir des années 1963 à 1967. C'est à ce moment que notre intérêt fut éveillé et qu'il nous sembla que l'histoire du PSQ (1) pourrait constituer le sujet de notre thèse de maîtrise, pourvu, bien sûr, que de nouvelles sources de documentation s'avèrent accessibles. Or, une rencontre avec Fernand Daoust, Secrétaire Général de la FTQ, confirma notre intention. Avec une générosité incomparable, ce dernier mit à notre disposition, non seulement les documents qu'il avait accumulés, alors qu'il occupait successivement les postes de délégué NPD-Québec au Sous-comité du Programme et de Président du Conseil Provisoire du PSQ, mais aussi ceux de Jean-Marie Bédard, président du PSQ dans les dernières années d'existence de ce parti. Le présent travail s'appuie donc largement sur des sources primaires : documents du parti et articles publics par les journaux et revues de l'époque. On serait peut-être tenté de nous reprocher d'avoir négligé les sources orales, facilement disponibles pourtant. Or, cette omission a été intentionnelle et ce, pour deux raisons. Premièrement, les documents originaux nous fournissaient une récolte de renseignements inédits qui nous apparut suffisamment abondante pour étoffer notre thèse, et deuxièmement, nous avons craint que le manque de recul historique n'entache les témoignages d'une certaine partialité. Nous avons choisi de laisser les documents parler d'eux-mêmes. Le texte qui suit se veut donc avant tout un exposé d'un moment de l'histoire politique du Québec. Il aurait pu se limiter à l'étude des étapes vécues par le Parti Socialiste du Québec dans les années 1963 à 1968. En quelques chapitres, nous aurions pu relater successivement les origines, la mise sur pied, l'action politique et la dissolution de ce tiers parti et déjà, nous aurions eu les éléments de la thèse classique d'histoire politique. Cependant, pour mieux saisir l'effort de devenir du PSQ, il nous a semblé intéressant et même nécessaire de soulever, en parallèle aux événements principaux qui ont fait l'histoire de ce parti, trois hypothèses. La première est que le PSQ n'avait aucune chance de réussite, parce qu'au moment de son apparition sur la scène politique québécoise, les conjonctures historique, sociale et politique non seulement ne joueraient pas en sa faveur, mais seraient même les facteurs externes de son échec. Les deux autres hypothèses portent sur les facteurs internes de cet échec ; elles sont inhérentes au dualisme de l'idéologie du PSQ. […] 1) PSQ: sigle qui fut adopté officieusement par les membres du Parti Socialiste du Québec, qu'on retrouve dans tous les documents et que nous utiliserons tout au long de notre travail.

Applying Platform Design to Improve Product-Service Systems Collaborative Development

Part 3: Product-Service Systems

Eficacia de la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria de larga evolución con catéter de acceso periférico: a propósito de un caso

El uso de la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) en pacientes que no pueden alcanzar sus requerimientos nutricionales por la vía enteral está aumentando en los últimos años, permitiendo la normalización del estilo de vida de los pacientes. Entre las patologías que más frecuentemente precisan de la NPD en España destacan la neoplasia y la isquemia mesentérica. Sin embargo, la NPD constituye uno de los pilares básicos del tratamiento de enfermedades mucho menos frecuentes como es el caso de la esclerosis peritoneal encapsulante. A continuación presentamos el caso de un paciente diagnosticado de esclerosis peritoneal encapsulante con soporte NPD de más de 7 años de NPD con un catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) para la NPD sin complicaciones y pudiendo realizar su actividad laboral habitual. Dado lo excepcional del caso lo remitimos para su publicación.

Sales–marketing encroachment effects on innovation

The role of sales has changed dramatically during the last two decades, with sales becoming increasingly strategic and encroaching on domains that traditionally belong to marketing. Many studies address the role of marketing in new product development (NPD) success, but research on the increasing importance of sales, its changing role and changing dynamics with marketing is scarce. This empirical study of 296 Hungarian firms addresses this gap and shows that the extent to which sales encroaches on marketing's tasks is influenced by interface relations, exchange processes and sales' capabilities. The effect of sales–marketing encroachment on NPD financial success is partially mediated by customer involvement, while its effect on market success is fully mediated by customer involvement. These findings suggest that firms may improve their NPD financial performance by letting sales encroach on marketing tasks, but need to establish customer co-creation initiatives to benefit from sales–marketing encroachment in terms of superior NPD performance compared with competitors.

Exploration of polymetallic nodules in the Area: Reporting practices, data management and transparency

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) regulates the activities related with the exploration and exploitation of seabed mineral resources in the Area, which are considered as the "common heritage of mankind" under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.The ISA has also the mandate to ensure the protection of the marine environment.The development of good practices for the annual reporting and data submission by Contractors is crucial for the ISA to comply with the sustainable development of the mineral marine resources. In 2015,the ISA issued a new template for reporting on exploration activities, which includes the definition of the format for all geophysical, geological and environmental data to be collected and analysed during exploration. The availability of reliable data contributes to improve the assessment of the ISA on the activities in the Area while promoting transparency, which is considered as a major principle of industry bestpractices.

Treino de força em Seco para nadadores

O desempenho em natação pura desportiva (NPD) está dependente da combinação de vários fatores, nomeadamente biomecânicos, energéticos, táticos e psicológicos (Barbosa et al., 2010), estando o sucesso desportivo altamente relacionado com a condição física dos nadadores, particularmente ao nível da força e potência musculares. Tendo em consideração a multiplicidade de eventos competitivos em NPD, a in uência da força parece ser mais determinante em provas de distância curta (Stager e Coyle 2005 Morouço et al, 2011a) pois, através da utilização de uma variedade de equipamentos de teste, tem-se demonstrado que a musculatura dos membros superiores e correspondente força e potência musculares estão fortemente relacionadas com a velocidade de nado (Aspenes et al., 2009 Morouço et al., 2015). Assim sendo, melhorias ao nível da força, nomeadamente dos membros superiores, poderão resultar numa maior força máxima exercida por ciclo de nado, visando uma maior velocidade média de nado (Strzala e Tyka, 2009 Morouço et al., 2011a). O treino de força no meio terrestre (comummente designado por “treino em seco”) deverá ter como principais objetivos melhorar o rendimento desportivo e prevenir lesões (Batalha et al., 2015). No entanto, a literatura sobre os benefícios do treino de força e condição física em seco para nadadores apresenta resultados inconclusivos (Tanaka et al., 1993 Trappe e Pearson, 1994 Girold et al., 2007 Garrido et al., 2010), sendo necessária uma melhor compreensão dos métodos e procedimentos desta área de treino, para uma melhor prescrição do processo de treino (dependente da fase de preparação desportiva). Neste capítulo, pretende-se apresentar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre os efeitos do treino de força em seco no rendimento em natação (sem considerar os efeitos das partidas e viragens), procurando-se resumir o conhecimento existente e estimular pesquisas futuras. Estudos disponíveis na literatura foram recolhidos através das bases de dados (PubMed, Scopus e SPORTDiscus), sendo o termo “swimming” usado como principal palavra-chave, combinado com as palavras “dry-land”, “power”, “force” e “strength”. Com a finalidade de limitar o número de estudos a ser analisados, as palavras referidas foram, ocasionalmente, acopladas. Além disso, referências a atas de congressos relevantes e resumos foram tidas em consideração e acrescentadas à revisão.

Interdisciplinarity and Design Conceptualisation: Contributions from a Small-Scale Design Experiment

Literature emphasises the sparse research focused in collaborative and open approaches in the design conceptualisation stage, also known as the Fuzzy Front-End (FFE). Presently, the most challenging discussion arising from this specific field of research lies in understanding on whether or not to structure the referred conceptual stage. Accordingly, the established hypothesis behind this study sustains that a structured approach in the FFE would benefit the interdisciplinary dialogue. Therefore, two objectives support this study: to understand the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach in the FFE, and to test one proposed model for this conceptual stage. By means of a small-scale design experiment, this paper pretends to give additional contributions to this area of research, in the context of new product development (NPD). The general research supporting this specific study aims to conceptualise in the area of newly and futuristic aircraft configurations. Hence, this same topic based the conceptualisation process in the conducted ideation sessions, which are conducted by five different teams of three elements each. The results of the different ideation sessions reinforce the contemporary paradigm of Open Innovation (OI), which is based in trust and communication to better collaborate. The postulated hypothesis for this study is partially validated as teams testing the proposed and structured model generally consider that its usage would benefit the integration of different disciplines. Besides, a general feeling that a structured approach integrates different perspectives and gives creativity a focus pervades. Nevertheless, the small-scale of the design experiment attributes some limitations to this study, despite giving new insights in how to better organise coming and more sustained studies. Interestingly, the importance of sketching as an interdisciplinary means of communication is underlined with the obtained results.

Lixiviação e contaminação das águas do rio Corumbataí por herbicidas.

A avaliação, em corpos hídricos, de resíduos de herbicidas empregados em áreas agrícolas para controle de plantas consideradas daninhas, tem encontrado uma grande variação na concentração dos produtos originais e de seus metabólitos. Tem sido sugerido que estas variações são devidas às propriedades químicas dos compostos, somadas às condições hidrogeológicas e climáticas locais e aos sistemas de cultivo, uma vez que são condições que influenciam o comportamento de lixiviação. Em estudo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Corumbataí, que abastece principalmente as cidades de Rio Claro e Piracicaba-SP, foram quantificados sazonalmente por CG/NPD e HPLC, os resíduos de herbicidas em amostras de água e sedimentos em diversos locais, durante os anos de 2004-2005. A área é cultivada principalmente com cana-de-açúcar, citrus e pastagens. A escolha dos herbicidas baseou-se em trabalho de levantamento dos herbicidas mais utilizados e época de aplicação na região. Dos 63 produtos registrados, foram analisados 24 i.a.. Os herbicidas que apresentam alto risco de lixiviação, como ametrina, atrazina e simazina foram os encontrados em concentrações superiores aos níveis do padrão de 2 ?g L-1 da Portaria do Ministério da Saúde MS - 518/2004. A freqüência e nível de concentração foram maiores na época do início das chuvas intensas.