Localização preferencial e índices diferenciados de infestação da mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) em bovinos da raça Nelore

Haematobia irritans tem causado muitos danos e preocupações na pecuária mundial, bem como despertado o interesse para diversos estudos a seu respeito. Seu nome está relacionado com o local de permanência nos bovinos. É conhecida como horn fly (mosca-dos-chifres) na Europa e nos Estados Unidos da América e mosca-da-paleta na América Latina. Os fatores biológicos podem produzir em bovinos de um único rebanho, diferentes níveis de infestação da mosca. Durante o ano de 1998 em Araçatuba, estado de São Paulo, foram avaliados o número médio de mosca por região ana-tômica, bem como os diferentes níveis de infestação em 60 bovinos da raça Nelore. Os bovinos foram filmados de ambos os lados do corpo para registrar o número de mosca em fitas cassetes. As fitas foram assistidas para a contagem e demarcação da mosca em 15 regiões anatômicas. O maior número de mosca (p<0,05) foi observado nas regiões escapular, interescapular e costal; nos períodos chuvosos observou-se um aumento significativo (p<0,05) na região ventral. As avaliações individuais, demonstraram infestação com menos de 50 moscas em 50% dos bovinos, 50 a 100 moscas em 38% e acima de 100 moscas em 12% dos bovinos.

STRUCTURE OF THE RETE TESTIS OF THE CAT (FELIS-DOMESTICA, L)

The rete testis of the cat consists of 3 parts: a septal or interlobular part; a mediastinal part and a tunical part. The septal part contains the septal or transitory tubuli recti and the tubuli recti. The transitory tubules are formed as a confluence of the seminiferous tubules at the apex of the testicular lobules and the tubuli recti. The mediastinal rete is formed of long, straight channels which increase in size and become more irregular and anastomotic below the tunica albuginea at the cranial extremity of the testis. The end is characterized as the tunical part of the rete testis and communicates with the extratesticular rete testis. The channels all parts of the rete are lined by simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium. These epithelial channels are supported by a connective tissue containing smooth muscle cells. The framework tissue of the rete is more conspicuous at the cranial extremity of the testis, with a mio-connective matrix organization.

Consequences of refuge for the functional response of Dermestes ater (Coleoptera : Dermestidae) to Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae)

It is well known that a predator has the potential to regulate a prey population only if the predator responds to increases in prey density and inflicts greater mortality rates. Predators may cause such density-dependent mortality depending on the nature of the functional and numerical responses. Yet, few studies have examined the relationship between the addition of refuges and the characteristic of functional response fits. We investigated whether addition of a refuge changed the type of functional response exhibited by Dermestes ater on Musca domestica, comparing the inherent ability of D. ater to kill houseflies in the absence and in the presence of refuge. An additional laboratory experiment was also carried out to assess handling and searching times exhibited by D. ater. Logistic regression analyses revealed a type III functional response for predator-prey interaction without refuge, and results were described by the random predator equation. The mean number of prey killed did not differ between experimental habitats, indicating that the addition of refuge did not inhibit predation. However, predators that interacted with prey without refuge spent less time searching for prey at higher densities, increasing predatory interaction. We concluded that this interaction may be weak, because data from experiments with refuge fitted poorly to models. However, the high variability and the nonsignificance of the data from the experiment with refuge show the importance of refuge for promoting spatial heterogeneity, which may prevent prey extinction.

Níveis séricos de cortisol e 17-& estradiol durante o ciclo estral em marrãs (Sus domestica - Linnaeus 1758)

In the present study 21 young swine females, sexually mature, reared and kept under an industrial management system were assessed for cortisol and oestradiol-17 beta serum prolifes during the oestrus cycle. Blood sampling was performed always at the same interval, from 8:00 to 10:00 a.m. Each animal was submitted to 14 venal punctions at days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 23 of the oestrous cycle. The first day of the oestrous phase was assumed to be day 0 and the 23(rd) as the first of the next cycle. Hormone determinations were performed using a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Regarding to cortisol concentrations, there was a variation from 3.5 to 8.0 mu g/dl and for oestradiol-17 beta the mean values detected varied from 3.5 to 14.9pg/ml.

Mosca-Negra-dos-Citros: Características Gerais, Bioecologia e Métodos de Controle dessa Importante Praga Quarentenária da Citricultura Brasileira

Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is a serious pest of citrus culture and other economically important fruit crops. It is a present quarantine pest or A2 maximum alert restricting trades with other regions free of its presence. Since the frst occurrence of the citrus blackfly in Belem in 2001 its dissemination was quickly to other States and regions of citrus production in Brazil. As an exotic pest, basic knowledge is scarce in order to establish the appropriate management to the insect in Brazil. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide information about important aspects of A. woglumi, such as: history and geographical distribution, bioecology, host plants, appropriate control methods, among others, in order to provide subsidies for futures researches about the citrus blackfly in Brazil.

Morphometric variations in the housefly, Musca domestica (L.) with latitude

Morphologic analysis of geographic strains of Musca domestica carried out on natural and laboratory experiments starting with 400 and 800 eggs showed phenotypic variations related with latitude. Females of the natural populations showed clines for several morphological traits of the wing, whereas male flies showed a reduction in the dispersion measures (s2 and CV) of wing width and length. The same reduction was obtained for males, females and total number of flies of the natural populations in dispersion of the number of bristles on the fourth abdominal sternite. A significant negative correlation was observed for the head width of females and for the total number of flies emerged in the laboratory experiments started with 400 eggs. All flies produced by the experiments starting with 800 eggs showed a reduction in variability of dispersion of the bristles on the fourth abdominal sternite in the strains obtained from locations south of the area analyzed. Evolutionary aspects of these correlation coefficients between morphometric traits and latitude are discussed.

Endophytic yeasts and filamentous fungi associated with southern Brazilian apple (Malus domestica) orchards subjected to conventional, integrated or organic cultivation

Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves, flowers and fruit of healthy apple trees (Malus domestica, BORKH.) growing in southern Brazilian orchards under three different cultivation systems (conventional, integrated and organic), during two vegetative cycles. The greatest total number of endophytic isolates was obtained from the orchards under organic cultivation when compared to integrated and conventional cultivation systems. Filamentous fungi from the genera Colletotrichum, Xylaria and Botryosphaeria were the most frequent ones and the most representative yeast genera were Sporobolomyces, Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces and Cryptococcus. It is suggested that some isolates may be used as indicators of the different management systems. © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Genetic diversity in wild (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic (Sus scrofa domestica) pigs and their hybrids based on polymorphism of a fragment of the D-loop region in the mitochondrial DNA

We examined the variation in mitochondrial DNA by sequencing the D-loop region in wild and domestic (large-white breed) pigs, in hybrids between domestic and wild pigs, and in Monteiro pigs. A D-loop fragment of approximately 330 bp was amplified by PCR. Sequencing of DNA amplicons identified haplotypes previously described as European and Asian types. Monteiro pigs and wild pigs had European haplotypes and domestic pigs had both European and Asian haplotypes. ©FUNPEC-RP.

Atividade inseticida e Modos de Ação de Extratos Vegetais Sobre Mosca Branca (Bemisia tabaci)

Insecticide potential and efficaciousness of vegetal extracts concentrations from six botanic families in three different modes were analyzed on the nymphs of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) on a tomato plantation Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Nymph breeding was kept in cherry tomato shrubs. Test solutions were obtained from successive extractions with ethanol and evaporation in a rotary evaporator. Tests consisted of 10 solutions in four concentrations (500; 1,000; 1,500 and 3,000 μg/mL) and control treatment (distilled water + 1% DMSO) under three different modes of activity, namely, contact, translaminar and systemic. Experimental design was totally randomized with four repetitions and eleven treatments. Means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and lethal concentrations (CL50) were calculated by POLO. In the case of contact activity mode, all extracts had efficiency above 50% with the highest concentration (3,000 μg/mL) in which the highest efficiency for all extracts tested was verified. There was a need for dose increase in translaminar activity mode for similar results, whereas in the case of systemic activity the best performance was obtained with extracts of Nerium oleander, Derris amazonica and Ipomoea carnea. Extracts of the last two caused a higher percentage when compared with that of other extracts in all activity modes lower than CL50.

Flutuação populacional e infestação de mosca-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em função do sistema produtivo de goiaba

The knowledge about population fluctuation of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important tool to be adopted in pest control. Thus, this research aimed to analyse the population fluctuation of adults of fruit flies and the infestation of larvae in fruits depending on the conventional and organic agricultural systems of guava production in the 2010/2011 harvest. For monitoring the adults of fruit flies, five yellow sticky traps were installed in each system. The infestation percentage and the calculation of the ratio number of larvae/number of fruits were determined at harvest by harvesting 10 mature fruits/plant, in ten plants, for each system. In organic system predominated Anastrepha spp., principally in the period when the fruits were ripening or ripe, represented by elevated infestation percentage, while the conventional system presented low population density of fruit flies, with reduced larvae infestation inside the fruits.

Dinâmica populacional de mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, 1915) em pomares de citros em sistema agroflorestal e monocultura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uso de reguladores de crescimento como alternativa tecnológica na cultura da macieira ‘Eva’ (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)