La dimensión espacial en las políticas de superación de la pobreza urbana

Incluye Bibliografía

Criminalidade urbana e condições de vida na região administrativa de Campinas (SP) no ano de 2000: uma análise espacial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de geotecnologias na análise da transformação sócio-espacial urbana da região serrana fluminense: o estudo de caso do distrito sede de Teresópolis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

La marginalidad urbana en América Latina: la dimensión espacial

Incluye Bibliografía

Indicadores de qualidade de vida urbana como instrumento de avaliação do desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no pólo tecnológico de São José dos Campos-SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Inquérito sorológico, distribuição espacial e fatores de risco para leptospirose canina na área territorial urbana de Botucatu-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O transporte urbano e a circulação na abordagem espacial: análise do transporte coletivo urbano da região do ABCD, grande São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Previsão espacial da densidade de carga nos sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica considerando a geometria fractal da zona urbana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Acessibilidade espacial e inclusão em escolas municipais de educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo - FAAC

La estilización lingüística y espacial en Buenos Aires – huellas para el estudio de la transformación urbana

En las grandes metrópolis latinoamericanas, de las cuales la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires es ejemplo paradigmático, la polarización tradicional ha sido reemplazada por una fragmentación social, funcional y geográfica muy marcada del espacio urbano. Desde el punto de vista del espacio urbano entendido como construcción social (en el sentido de la «producción del espacio social» de Lefèbvre 1974), percebido, concebido y vivido por quienes habitan en él, sus experiencias compartidas y sus objetivos comunes (Johnstone 2004: 69), la lengua adquiere un papel fundamental como medio de expresión y reflejo de las identidades urbanas. A raíz de la redistribución en la estructura socio-urbana, el sentido de pertenencia a un lugar se hace cada vez más importante, lo cual se manifiesta tanto en preferencias de consumo como en actitudes sociales y lingüísticas, y no en último término en el uso de la lengua. La práctica lingüística revela la práctica social, de modo que determinados rasgos lingüísticos alcanzan un valor socio-indexical, es decir, actúan como elementos lingüísticos capaces de crear o constituir un significado social. Por un lado, un hablante se identifica y se asocia a un determinado grupo mediante el uso de determinados rasgos lingüísticos y crea, así, su identidad social a través de la lengua. Por otro lado, determinados rasgos lingüísticos se atribuyen de manera metonímica y generalizada a un determinado grupo, asociado, a su vez, a un lugar dentro del espacio urbano. Un rasgo indicador de un grupo social se convierte, según la terminología de Labov, en un estereotipo cuando clasifica de manera categórica a un grupo dado. Estas variantes estereotipadas muchas veces perduran como rastros en el ámbito de la lengua, viéndose reforzadas constantemente también por la representación de los medios de comunicación, factor determinante e ineludible en la construcción del espacio social actual. El objetivo de esta comunicación es, pues, proponer un planteamiento teórico y metodológico que permita analizar los estereotipos lingüísticos y espaciales que se observan en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires y que, al estar tan vinculados con los desarrollos socio-espaciales, nos servirán como fuente de información para el estudio de los procesos urbanos.

Geografia da dominação: um estudo sobre a organização espacial da terra do sal (Macau-RN)

This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

Geografia da dominação: um estudo sobre a organização espacial da terra do sal (Macau-RN)

This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

EXPANSÃO URBANA E SEGREGEÇÃO SÓCIO-ESPACIAL

O presente trabalho faz um estudo da segregação sócio-espacial. O espaço geográfico é formado por um conjunto de objetos e ações, ou seja, de formas e, de práticas sociais. O espaço urbano é produzido a partir de ações ou forças sócio-econômicas que vão fragmentando a cidade e dando origem aos seus diversos lugares. Os lugares segregados possuem características internas comuns e apresentam fortes desigualdades sociais entre eles e os outros lugares, aceitos. Os lugares de habitação são mais duramente atingidos por essa diferenciação social de lugares e seuscostumes. Várias análises demonstram que a cidade pode ser vista como a expressão concreta de processos sociais em um ambiente físico construído sobre o espaço geográfico. Os objetivos deste estudo são os seguintes: mostrar que o espaço urbano é produzido pela ordem econômica e social vigente; compreender que, numa sociedade capitalista, a divisão social do trabalho cria as desigualdades sociais que refletem na produção do espaço urbano; mostrar que a desigualdade espacial é fruto da desigualdade social. A lógica da estruturação espacial têm, portanto, dois elementos principais: a renda e a divisão social do trabalho. A metodologia da pesquisa é a de revisão teórica e bibliográfica sobre o tema.