Estratègies de finançament dels municipis turístics i competitivitat: el cas dels municipis catalans

La problemàtica del finançament dels municipis turístics és un assumpte present en el món local des de fa anys, tot i que no ha trobat una adequada resposta. Aquest treball pretén avaluar si les finances locals representen un problema per l'activitat turística i quines serien les possibles solucions. L'estudi de les característiques dels municipis turístics permet constatar les importants repercussions sobre el territori que comporta la gran concentració geogràfica del turisme, com el ràpid creixement demogràfic d'aquest municipis i un important augment dels habitatges. Dels resultats de la investigació es desprèn que els municipis turístics no tenen ni unes despeses, ni uns ingressos per càpita superiors als dels no turístics. Conseqüentment, tampoc presenten problemes de dèficit especials. El que es produeix és una redistribució interna de la despesa en perjudici de la despesa amb una baixa vinculació amb el turisme, que bàsicament té per destinatària la població resident

Paths to development: Is there a Bangladesh surprise?

Using aggregate indices of education, health, demographic, and gender equality outcomes, we empirically investigate the hypothesis that Bangladesh achieved a higher level of social development compared with countries of similar level of per capita income. Stylized facts and cross-country regression results support this hypothesis for a broad range of dimensions. Further tests show that such achievements do not simply reflect income-mediated channels and social expenditure programs. We conclude by speculating on the role of Bangladesh’s development to sustain the process of growth and on the role of governance and institutional quality for the nexus between growth and development.

The cyclical relations between traded property stock prices and aggregate time-series

This paper examines the cyclical regularities of macroeconomic, financial and property market aggregates in relation to the property stock price cycle in the UK. The Hodrick Prescott filter is employed to fit a long-term trend to the raw data, and to derive the short-term cycles of each series. It is found that the cycles of consumer expenditure, total consumption per capita, the dividend yield and the long-term bond yield are moderately correlated, and mainly coincident, with the property price cycle. There is also evidence that the nominal and real Treasury Bill rates and the interest rate spread lead this cycle by one or two quarters, and therefore that these series can be considered leading indicators of property stock prices. This study recommends that macroeconomic and financial variables can provide useful information to explain and potentially to forecast movements of property-backed stock returns in the UK.

Essays on growth and environment

This thesis consists of a summary and four self-contained papers. Paper [I] Following the 1987 report by The World Commission on Environment and Development, the genuine saving has come to play a key role in the context of sustainable development, and the World Bank regularly publishes numbers for genuine saving on a national basis. However, these numbers are typically calculated as if the tax system is non-distortionary. This paper presents an analogue to genuine saving in a second best economy, where the government raises revenue by means of distortionary taxation. We show how the social cost of public debt, which depends on the marginal excess burden, ought to be reflected in the genuine saving. We also illustrate by presenting calculations for Greece, Japan, Portugal, U.K., U.S. and OECD average, showing that the numbers published by the World Bank are likely to be biased and may even give incorrect information as to whether the economy is locally sustainable. Paper [II] This paper examines the relationships among per capita CO2 emissions, per capita GDP and international trade based on panel data spanning the period 1960-2008 for 150 countries. A distinction is also made between OECD and Non-OECD countries to capture the differences of this relationship between developed and developing economies. We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests, and estimate a panel error correction model. The results from the error correction model suggest that there are long-term relationships between the variables for the whole sample and for Non-OECD countries. Finally, Granger causality tests show that there is bi-directional short-term causality between per capita GDP and international trade for the whole sample and between per capita GDP and CO2 emissions for OECD countries. Paper [III] Fundamental questions in economics are why some regions are richer than others, why their growth rates differ, whether their growth rates tend to converge, and what key factors contribute to explain economic growth. This paper deals with the average income growth, net migration, and changes in unemployment rates at the municipal level in Sweden. The aim is to explore in depth the effects of possible underlying determinants with a particular focus on local policy variables. The analysis is based on a three-equation model. Our results show, among other things, that increases in the local public expenditure and income taxe rate have negative effects on subsequent income income growth. In addition, the results show conditional convergence, i.e. that the average income among the municipal residents tends to grow more rapidly in relatively poor local jurisdictions than in initially “richer” jurisdictions, conditional on the other explanatory variables. Paper [IV] This paper explores the relationship between income growth and income inequality using data at the municipal level in Sweden for the period 1992-2007. We estimate a fixed effects panel data growth model, where the within-municipality income inequality is one of the explanatory variables. Different inequality measures (Gini coefficient, top income shares, and measures of inequality in the lower and upper part of the income distribution) are examined. We find a positive and significant relationship between income growth and income inequality measured as the Gini coefficient and top income shares, respectively. In addition, while inequality in the upper part of the income distribution is positively associated with the income growth rate, inequality in the lower part of the income distribution seems to be negatively related to the income growth. Our findings also suggest that increased income inequality enhances growth more in municipalities with a high level of average income than in municipalities with a low level of average income.

Should voters be afraid of hard budget constraint legislation? fiscal responsibility law in brazilian municipalities

This manuscript demonstrates that voters have nothing to be afraid of when new hard budget constraint legislation is implemented. Our claim is that this kind of legislation reduces the asymmetry of information between voters and incumbents over the budget and, as a consequence, the latter have incentives to increase the supply of public goods. As a nationwide institutional innovation, the Fiscal Responsibility Law (FRL) is exogenous to all municipalities; therefore, there is no self-selection bias in its implementation. We show that public goods expenditure increases after the FRL. Second, this increase occurs in municipalities located in the country’s poorest region. Third, our findings can be extended to the supply of public goods because the higher the expenditure with health and education, the greater the probability of incumbents being re-elected. Finally, there exists a “de facto” higher supply of public goods in education (number of per capita classrooms) after the FRL.

Efeitos da arrecadação tributária e dos gastos públicos em Serviços de saúde dos municípios de Pernambuco

Esse estudo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos da arrecadação dos impostos municipais e de variáveis políticas na diferença do limite de 15% dos gastos com recursos de impostos nas ações e serviços de saúde dos municípios pernambucanos. A pesquisa é exploratória e utilizou método quantitativo com o emprego de regressões com dados em painel. Para tanto, foram levantados dados nas bases de dados do Ministério de Saúde, Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional e do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral dos 184 municípios, correspondente ao período de 2005 a 2009. A pesquisa conclui que em ano eleitoral os gestores municipais aumentam os gastos em saúde com recursos de impostos em 0,49% e que municípios administrados pelo partido de afiliação do governador reduz a diferença de aplicação em 0,63%. A arrecadação dos impostos per capita, competição eleitoral para o cargo de prefeito e ideologia partidária dos governos não afetam na diferença do limite de 15% dos gastos com recursos de impostos em ações de saúde dos municípios pernambucanos.

Social Panorama of Latin America 2000-2001

Includes bibliography

Social Panorama of Latin America 2002-2003

Includes bibliography

Social Panorama of Latin America 2007

Includes bibliography

A comparative study of health care policy in the United States and Canada: what policymakers in Latin America might and might not learn from their neighbors to the North

Includes bibliography

The middle class and the development process

Includes bibliography

Vasectomia no sistema público de saúde: Características dos candidatos e variáveis associadas

Objective: This study aimed to characterize candidates undergo vasectomy in the public health system, Araçatuba- SP and to study related variables. Methods: We surveyed 300 medical patients and vasectomized contacted by telephone to assess several characteristics. The variables analyzed for the study were age, marital status, education, religion, monthly family income and per capita, number of living children, reason for seeking treatment method, contraceptive use, marital relationship quality, decision time (date of intent to perform the procedure) and not because of the procedure. Data were pooled for the analysis of results. Results: The age of the candidates ranged from 23 to 65 years (mean 36.86 years) and average 2.56 living sons. The average monthly family income was R$ 1.079,15, with average per capita income of R$ 249,07. The couple's contraception before the procedure was on account of the woman who used oral anti-conception (84%). The complication rate with the method was around 6.04%, the biggest complication was dehiscence (77.7% of cases of complications), these being mainly during the first 100 cases. Conclusion: Vasectomy is a very effective contraceptive method, with low complication rate and low cost, should be encouraged by the public health system as a means of family planning policy.

Expenditures, investment and financing for sustainable development in Brazil

Includes bibliography

Desigualdad del ingreso y del gasto en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales

Incluye Bibliografía

Structural change and productivity growth 20 years later: old problems, new opportunities. Summary

Includes bibliography