Use of anti-PGL-1 antibodies to monitor therapy regimes in leprosy patients

The suitability of IgM antibodies to PGL-1 for monitoring the response to multidrug therapy (MDT) was sequentially tested by ELISA in 105 leprosy patients, and bacterial indexes (BI) were also determined. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1, 34 multibacillary (MB) patients treated for 12 months with MDT-MB; group 2, 33 MB patients treated for 24 months with MDT-MB, and group 3, 38 paucibacillary (PB) patients treated for 6 months with MDT-PB. Untreated MB patients exhibited higher antibody levels (mean ± SEM): group 1 (6.95 ± 1.35) and group 2 (12.53 ± 2.02) than untreated PB patients (1.28 ± 0.35). There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in anti-PGL-1 levels in group 1 patients: untreated (6.95 ± 1.35) and treated for 12 months (2.78 ± 0.69) and in group 2 patients: untreated (12.53 ± 2.02) and treated for 24 months (2.62 ± 0.79). There was no significant difference between untreated (1.28 ± 0.35) and treated (0.62 ± 0.12) PB patients. Antibody levels correlated with BI. The correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) was 0.72 before and 0.23 (P < 0.05) after treatment in group 1 and 0.67 before and 0.96 (P < 0.05) after treatment in group 2. BI was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) after 12 and 24 months on MDT (group 1: 1.26-0.26; group 2: 1.66-0.36). Our data indicate that monitoring anti-PGL-1 levels during MDT may be a sensitive tool for evaluating treatment efficacy. These data also indicate that the control of leprosy infection can be obtained with 12 months of MDT in MB patients.

Determinación de algunos atributos de calidad de la variedad Fuji y sus mutantes al momento de cosecha

Muchos trabajos demuestran que los productos vegetales no solamente son fuentes de energía y nutrientes sino también fuentes de compuestos conocidos como fitoquímicos, que juegan un importante papel en la prevención de enfermedades como el cáncer, afecciones cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativas. Por otro lado, el aumento en la producción de manzana, determina también un aumento de la producción destinada al procesamiento industrial. En este sentido el conocer el contenido de de ciertas sustancias como polifenoles, antocianinas permiten conocer su potencial de uso industrial, como por ejemplo para la elaboración de jugos. En base a esto los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron realizar una caracterización físico-química de tres variedades de manzana; una de ellas de cultivo tradicional y muy extendido en Brasil y las otras dos mutaciones de esta última, de reciente explotación comercial. Fueron medidos al momento de cosecha la firmeza de la pulpa, acidez titulable (AT), los sólidos solubles totales (SST), el índice de yodo-almidón, los parámetros CIE "L*", "a*" y "b*" del color, polifenoles, antocianinas y azúcares reductores totales y vitamina C. Según los resultados, la variedad Fuji Kiku presentó una mayor firmeza de pulpa, AT, SST y vitamina C. En relación al color, la variedad Fuji Suprema mostró una coloración roja más intensa y mayor contenido de antocianinas. No fueron encontradas diferencias en los polifenoles y azúcares reductores totales.

GEM, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor : reporte anual Bogotá 2009-2010

Gestión del conocimiento

GEM, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor : reporte anual Bogotá 2010-2011

Gestión del conocimiento

GEM, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor : reporte anual Bogotá 2012-2013

Gestión del conocimiento

Reporte Anual Bogotá 2013-2014 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

En el 2014, el Reporte Anual de emprendimiento Bogotá GEM 2013 – 2014 cumple su quinto año de medición de la actividad emprendedora en Bogotá y sobre el comportamiento de las actitudes y percepciones de los bogotanos frente a la creación de nuevas empresas. En esta edición se trataron tres temas específicos con mayor profundidad, teniendo en cuenta que son temas que impactan actualmente el ecosistema de emprendimiento de la ciudad: el emprendimiento en la mujer, la financiación y las redes empresariales.

The Military Monitor and American Register- 31 August 1812

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1812 November 23 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 April 26 1813 May 31

The Military Monitor and American Register- 14 December 1812

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1812 November 23 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 April 26 1813 May 31

The Military Monitor and American Register- 21 December 1812

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 December 14 1812 November 23 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 April 26 1813 February 1 1813 January 11 1813 March 29

The Military Monitor and American Register- 23 November 1812

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 April 26 1813 May 31

The Military Monitor and American Register- 12 October 1812

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 19 1812 November 23 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 April 26 1813 May 31

The Military Monitor and American Register- 19 October 1812

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 12 1812 November 23 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 April 26

The Military Monitor and American Register- 5 April 1813

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1812 November 23 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 12 1813 April 26 1813 May 31

The Military Monitor and American Register- 12 April 1813

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1812 November 23 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 March 29 1813 April 5 1813 April 26 1813 May 31

The Military Monitor and American Register- 26 April 1813

The Military Monitor was a weekly periodical that was published every Monday. The first issue was printed for August 17, 1812 and is believed to have ceased in 1814, as the last issue located was April 2, 1814. The periodical was suspended with the November 23, 1812 issue and resumed with the December 14, 1812 issue. The quote at the top of the first page is "The public good our end". The periodical's various authors included: Desnoues, Joseph, 1794?-1837. O'Connor, Thomas, 1770-1855. Hardcastle, John, 1778?-1835. Van Pelt, Peter, 1779?-1843. Wall, Stephen. Van Riper, Nicholas. Other authors are believed to be the American Antiquarian Society. Proprietors: T. O'Connor and S. Wall, 1812; T. O'Connor, 1812- . Printers: Hardcastle and Van Pelt, for T. O'Connor and S. Wall, Sept. 14-Oct. 5, 1812; J. Desnoues, Oct. 12, 1812- ; N. Van Riper, Nov. 6, 1813- . This issue was included in a bound volume of the Military Monitor and American Register. Other Dates included are: 1812 August 31 1812 October 12 1812 October 19 1812 November 23 1812 December 14 1812 December 21 1813 January 11 1813 February 1 1813 April 5 1813 April 12 1813 March 29 1813 May 31