Transnational Senegalese Politics in France

Newsletter for Study of Islam in the Modern World (Leide/NL)

Morphological studies in a model for dengue-2 virus infection in mice

One of the main difficulties in studying dengue virus infection in humans and in developing a vaccine is the absence of a suitable animal model which develops the full spectrum of dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. It is our proposal to present morphological aspects of an animal model which shows many similarities with the dengue infection in humans. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with non-neuroadapted dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). Histopathological and morphometrical analyses of liver tissue revealed focal alterations along the infection, reaching wide-ranging portal and centrolobular veins congestion and sinusoidal cell death. Additional ultrastructural observations demonstrated multifocal endothelial injury, platelet recruitment, and alterated hepatocytes. Dengue virus antigen was detected in hepatocytes and in the capillar endothelium of the central lobular vein area. Liver function tests showed high levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase enzyme activity. Lung tissue showed interstitial pneumonia and mononuclear cells, interseptal oedema, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of the bronchiolar epithelial cells. DENV-2 led to a transient inflammatory process, but caused focal alterations of the blood-exchange barrier. Viremia was observed from 2nd to 11th day p.i. by isolation of DENV-2 in C6/36 mosquito cell line inoculated with the supernatant of macerated liver, lung, kidney, and cerebellum tissues of the infected mice.

Histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of mice lungs experimentally infected with dengue virus serotype 2

Histological and ultrastructural alterations in lung tissue of BALB/c mice infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (non-neuroadapted), by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes were analyzed. Lung tissues were processed following the standard techniques for photonic and electron transmission microscopies. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed interstitial pneumonia, characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells. In the mouse model, the dengue virus serotype 2 seems to led to a transient inflammatory process without extensive damage to the interalveolar septa, but caused focal alterations of the blood-exchange barrier. Endothelial cells of blood capillaries exhibited phyllopodia suggesting activation by presence of dengue virus. Morphometrical analysis of mast cells showed an expressive increase of the number of these cells in peribronchiolar spaces and adjacent areas to the interalveolar septa. Alveolar macrophages showed particles dengue virus-like inside rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, suggesting viral replication. The tissue alterations observed in our experimental model were similar to the observed in human cases of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Our results show that BALB/c mice are permissive host for dengue virus serotype 2 replication and therefore provides an useful model to study of morphological aspects of dengue virus infection.

Processus de communautarisation et société-monde. En partant de Tönnies, Weber et Luhmann

Les notions de « Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft », « Communauté et société » ont fait leur apparition dans les sciences sociales germanophones du XIXe siècle grâce à l'ouvrage de Ferdinand Tönnies portant ces deux concepts dans le titre. Lors de la première édition de « Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft » en 1887, le sous-titre de l'ouvrage porte encore sur l'« Abhandlung des Kommunismus und Sozialismus als empirische Kulturformen », mettant alors l?accent sur le communisme et le socialisme en tant que formes culturelles empiriques. Dans les éditions ultérieures, le nouveau sous-titre « Grundbegriffe der reinen Soziologie » est le résultat d'une réflexion profonde sur la nécessité de dépasser l?antagonisme entre une école historique et une école rationnelle. Optant pour une approche organique dans son ouvrage de 1931, Tönnies développe l'idée selon laquelle la Communauté représente la source dont jaillit la Société, tout en gardant l'espoir que la force de la Communauté subsiste à l'intérieur de la Société, demeurant ainsi la réalité de la vie sociale. Parmi les sociologues contemporains germanophones qui s'intéressent aux processus de sociétisation, Rudolf Stichweh, élève de Niklas Luhmann, cherche à démontrer que la « Weltgesellschaft », la société-monde, aboutit d'une part à une croissante pluralisation des solidarités et d'autre part à une institutionnalisation de ces dernières.