Modelagem como ferramenta de análise para o uso de composto de lixo urbano na cana-de-açúcar.

O manejo de ocmposto de lixo (CL) oferece um fertilizante alternativo na cana-de-açúcar (possui alto teor de matéria orgânica e nutrientes) e traz ainda uma solução social e ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo é o acompanhamento dos processos de crescimento, maturação e transferência de metais na cana-de-açúcar, afetados pela adição de CL, através de modelos matemáticos como ferramenta de apoio à decisão. Este estudo busca uma alternativa masi econômica ao produtor e uma solução governamental para disposição final sustentável do lixo urbano. O Modelo de Crescimento adaptado a esse estudo foi descrito por Teruel (1996), o qual demonstrou maior vigor vegetativo em cana adubada com CL suplementada com PK e nas dosagens 0 e 60 t.ha-1, e o Índice de área foliar (IAF) máximo atingido foi mais tardio na cana que recebeu tratamento com CL sem suplementação mineral. Para estudo da curva de maturação da cana-de-açúcar foi ajustado o modelo de Mitscherlich (Udo, 1983). Concluiu-se que houve uma influência da dose de CL no tempo em que a cana atinge o ter mínimo para industrialização (correlação negativa) e a resposta ótima da cultura em acumulação de açúcar ocorreu na combinação do CL com fertilizante P ou K. O modelo de transferência de metais pesados no sistema solo-cana, foi construído com base nos modelos compartimentais (solo, raiz e parte aérea). A translocação de metais foi grande para o cádmio, e a passagem de metais pesados para o caldo da cana foi baixa, não trazendo problemas à sua industrialização ou mesmo seu consumo in natura, quando adubada com as dosagens de CL testadas. Os três modelos utilizados nesse estudo mostraram ótimo ajuste e podem servir como base à formulação de normas de uso do CL, podendo estimar quantidades de cada metal em cada parte da planta nos diversos cenários estudados e predizer a resposta em crescimento e desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar.

Sistema de informaçoes geográficas - SIG/SPRING para modelagem e espacialização de dados de fertilidade do solo.

Geoprocessamento. Sistema de informações geográficas - SIG / SPRING. Esquema operacional. Criação e manipulação do bancos de dados. Criação do plano de informação - PI. Escolha do modelo de dados. Imagens. Modelo Numérico de Terreno - MNT. Grades regulares. Fatiamento. Objeto. Mapa cadastral. Redes. Temática.

Modelagem numérica de algumas variáveis de clima do estado de São Paulo.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é eleger e modelar três variáveis de clima do Estado de São Paulo, temperaturas máximas e mínimas e chuvas, utilizando o interpolador, mais apropriado para especializá-las, contido no módulo MNT do Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas (SPRING, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Nacional de pesquisas Espaciais) INPE.

Modelagem e simulação de padrões arquiteturais de plantas.

2009

Banco de Dados com algumas propriedades de solos do Brasil para aplicação em modelagem matemática de agroquímicos e seus resíduos junto à fruticultura temperada.

2005

Modelagem e mapeamento digital de estoque de carbono orgânico na camada superficial dos solos (0-10 cm) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

2007

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and seismic data for crustal characterization

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Geofísicas e da Geoinformação (Geofisíca), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Modelagem e simulação da dinâmica do arrastamento por ar

Os compostos orgânicos voláteis constituem uma fonte vulgar de contaminação da água subterrânea, a qual pode ser eliminada pela tecnologia do arrastamento por ar (air stripping) em colunas com enchimento desordenado e utilizando fluxos das fases em contra-corrente. Propõe-se neste trabalho uma nova metodologia de dimensionamento destas colunas, para qualquer tipo de enchimento e de contaminante, onde não há necessidade de se arbitrar nenhum diâmetro, onde se evita o recurso a ábacos experimentais e onde o regime hidráulico conveniente é seleccionado à partida. O procedimento proposto foi algoritmizado e convertido num programa em linguagem C++. Para verificar e testar não só o dimensionamento mas também o comportamento teórico estacionário e dinâmico construiu-se de raiz uma coluna experimental. Seleccionou-se como contaminante uma solução de clorofórmio em água destilada. A experimentação permite, ainda, corrigir o coeficiente de transferência de massa global teórico estimado pelas correlações de Onda e que depende de inúmeros parâmetros nem sempre controláveis experimentalmente. Apresenta-se, em seguida, um modelo original de simulação dinâmica do comportamento da coluna e que é constituído por um sistema de equações diferenciais não lineares (parâmetros distribuidos). No entanto, se os débitos forem arbitrados como constantes, o sistema passa a ser linear apesar de não possuir solução analítica evidente (p.e. por transformações integrais). A discretização por diferenças finitas permitiu superar estas dificuldades. Existe uma notável concordância entre os valores experimentais e os previstos no modelo.

Gravity Modelling of the Crustal Structure Below Bavali Shear Zone And Adjacent Major Plutons Of Northern Kerala

The primary aim of the present study is to acquire a large amount of gravity data, to prepare gravity maps and interpret the data in terms of crustal structure below the Bavali shear zone and adjacent regions of northern Kerala. The gravity modeling is basically a tool to obtain knowledge of the subsurface extension of the exposed geological units and their structural relationship with the surroundings. The study is expected to throw light on the nature of the shear zone, crustal configuration below the high-grade granulite terrain and the tectonics operating during geological times in the region. The Bavali shear is manifested in the gravity profiles by a steep gravity gradient. The gravity models indicate that the Bavali shear coincides with steep plane that separates two contrasting crustal densities extending beyond a depth of 30 km possibly down to Moho, justifying it to be a Mantle fault. It is difficult to construct a generalized model of crustal evolution in terms of its varied manifestations using only the gravity data. However, the data constrains several aspects of crustal evolution and provides insights into some of the major events.

Characteristics of near surface crustal deformation associated with shield seismicity

The purpose of the present study is to understand the surface deformation associated with the Killari and Wadakkancheri earthquake and to examine if there are any evidence of occurrence of paleo-earthquakes in this region or its vicinity. The present study is an attempt to characterize active tectonic structures from two areas within penisular India: the sites of 1993 Killari (Latur) (Mb 6.3) and 1994 Wadakkancheri (M 4.3) earthquakes in the Precambrian shield. The main objectives of the study are to isolate structures related to active tectonism, constraint the style of near – surface deformation and identify previous events by interpreting the deformational features. The study indicates the existence of a NW-SE trending pre-existing fault, passing through the epicentral area of the 1993 Killari earthquake. It presents the salient features obtained during the field investigations in and around the rupture zone. Details of mapping of the scrap, trenching, and shallow drilling are discussed here. It presents the geologic and tectonic settings of the Wadakkancheri area and the local seismicity; interpretation of remote sensing data and a detailed geomorphic analysis. Quantitative geomorphic analysis around the epicenter of the Wadakkancheri earthquake indicates suitable neotectonic rejuvenation. Evaluation of remote sensing data shows distinct linear features including the presence of potentially active WNW-ESE trending fault within the Precambrian shear zone. The study concludes that the earthquakes in the shield area are mostly associated with discrete faults that are developed in association with the preexisting shear zones or structurally weak zones

Magnetotelluric deep soundings, gravity and geoid in the south Sao Francisco craton: Geophysical indicators of cratonic lithosphere rejuvenation and crustal underplating

In the south Sao Francisco craton a circular and 8-m amplitude geoid anomaly coincides with the outcropping terrain of an Archean-Paleoproterozoic basement. Broadband magnetotelluric (MT) data inversions of two radial profiles within the positive geoid and Bouguer gravity anomaly yield geo-electrical crustal sections, whereby the lower crust is locally more conductive (10 to 100 Omega m) in spatial coincidence with a denser lower crust modeled by the gravity data. This anomalous lower crust may have resulted from magmatic underplating, associated with Mesoarchean and Proterozoic episodes of tholeiitic dike intrusion. Long-period MT soundings reveal a low electrical resistivity mantle (20 to 200 Omega m) from depths beyond 120 km. Forward geoid modeling, using the scope of the low electrical resistivity region within the mantle as a constraint, entails a density increase (40 to 50 kg/m(3)) possibly due to Fe enrichment of mantle minerals. However, this factor alone does not explain the observed resistivity. A supplemented presence of small amounts of percolated carbonatite melting (similar to 0.005 vol.%), dissolved water and enhanced oxygen fugacity within the peridotitic mantle are viable agents that could explain the less resistive upper mantle. We propose that metasomatic processes confined in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle foster the conditions for a low degree melting with variable CO(2), H(2)O and Fe content. Even though the precise age of this metasomatism is unknown it might be older than the Early Cretaceous based on the evidence that a high-degree of melting in a lithospheric mantle impregnated with carbonatites originated the tholeiitic dike intrusions dispersed from the southeastern border of the Sao Francisco craton, during the onset of the lithosphere extension and break-up of the western Gondwana. The proxies are the NE Parana and Espinhaco (130 Ma, Ar/Ar ages) tholeiitic dikes, which contain (similar to 3%) carbonatites in their composition. The occurrence of a positive geoid anomaly (+ 10 m) and pre-tholeiites (age > 138 Ma), carbonatites and kimberlites along the west African continental margin (Angola and Namibia) reinforces the presumed age of the Sao Francisco-Congo craton rejuvenation to be prior to its fragmentation in the Lower Cretaceous. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Deep crustal structure of the Parana Basin from receiver functions and Rayleigh-wave dispersion: Evidence for a fragmented cratonic root

The deep crustal structure of the Parana Basin of southern Brazil is investigated by analyzing P- and PP-wave receiver functions at 17 Brazilian Lithosphere Seismic Project stations within the basin. The study area can be described as a typical Paleozoic intracratonic basin that hosts one of the largest Large Igneous Province of the world and makes a unique setting for investigating models of basin subsidence and their interaction with mantle plumes. Our study consists of (1) an analysis of the Moho interaction phases in the receiver functions to obtain the thickness and bulk Vp/Vs ratio of the basin`s underlying crust and (2) a joint inversion with Rayleigh-wave dispersion velocities from an independent tomographic study to delineate the detailed S-wave velocity variation with depth. The results of our analysis reveal that Moho depths and bulk Vp/Vs ratios (including sediments) vary between 41 and 48 km and between 1.70 and 1.76, respectively, with the largest values roughly coinciding with the basin`s axis, and that S-wave velocities in the lower crust are generally below 3.8 km/s. Select sites within the basin, however, show lower crustal S-wave velocities slightly above 3.9 km/s suggestive of underplated mafic material. We show that these observations are consistent with a fragmented cratonic root under the Parana basin that defined a zone of weakness for the initial Paleozoic subsidence of the basin and which allowed localized mafic underplating of the crust along the suture zones by Cenozoic magmatism.

Genetic algorithm inversion of the average 1D crustal structure using local and regional earthquakes

Knowing the best 1D model of the crustal and upper mantle structure is useful not only for routine hypocenter determination, but also for linearized joint inversions of hypocenters and 3D crustal structure, where a good choice of the initial model can be very important. Here, we tested the combination of a simple GA inversion with the widely used HYPO71 program to find the best three-layer model (upper crust, lower crust, and upper mantle) by minimizing the overall P- and S-arrival residuals, using local and regional earthquakes in two areas of the Brazilian shield. Results from the Tocantins Province (Central Brazil) and the southern border of the Sao Francisco craton (SE Brazil) indicated an average crustal thickness of 38 and 43 km, respectively, consistent with previous estimates from receiver functions and seismic refraction lines. The GA + HYPO71 inversion produced correct Vp/Vs ratios (1.73 and 1.71, respectively), as expected from Wadati diagrams. Tests with synthetic data showed that the method is robust for the crustal thickness, Pn velocity, and Vp/Vs ratio when using events with distance up to about 400 km, despite the small number of events available (7 and 22, respectively). The velocities of the upper and lower crusts, however, are less well constrained. Interestingly, in the Tocantins Province, the GA + HYPO71 inversion showed a secondary solution (local minimum) for the average crustal thickness, besides the global minimum solution, which was caused by the existence of two distinct domains in the Central Brazil with very different crustal thicknesses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High T/P evolution and metamorphic ages of the migmatitic basement of northern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina: Characterization of a mid-crustal segment of the Famatinian belt

New petrologic, thermobarometric and U-Pb monazite geochronologic information allowed to resolve the metamorphic evolution of a high temperature mid-crustal segment of an ancient subduction-related orogen. The EI Portezuelo Metamorphic-Igneous Complex, in the northern Sierras Pampeanas, is mainly composed of migmatites that evolved from amphibolite to granulite metamorphic facies, reaching thermal peak conditions of 670-820 degrees C and 4.5-5.3 kbar. The petrographic study combined with conventional and pseudosection thermobarometry led to deducing a short prograde metamorphic evolution within migmatite blocks. The garnet-absent migmatites represent amphibolite-facies rocks, whereas the cordierite-garnet-K-feldspar-sillimanite migmatites represent higher metamorphic grade rocks. U-Pb geochronology on monazite grains within leucosome record the time of migmatization between approximate to 477 and 470 Ma. Thus, the El Portezuelo Metamorphic-Igneous Complex is an example of exhumed Early Ordovician anatectic middle crust of the Famatinian mobile belt. Homogeneous exposure of similar paleo-depths throughout the Famatinian back-arc and isobaric cooling paths suggest slow exhumation and consequent longstanding crustal residence at high temperatures. High thermal gradients uniformly distributed in the Famatinian back-arc can be explained by shallow convection of a low-viscosity asthenosphere promoted by subducting-slab dehydration. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous silicic volcanism in SE Uruguay: The role of mantle and crustal sources

Early Cretaceous (similar to 129 Ma) silicic rocks crop out in SE Uruguay between the Laguna Merin and Santa Lucia basins in the Lascano, Sierra Sao Miguel. Salamanca and Minas areas They are mostly rhyolites with minor quartz-trachytes and are nearly contemporaneous with the Parana-Etendeka igneous province and with the first stages of South Atlantic Ocean opening A strong geochemical variability (particularly evident from Rb/Nb, Nb/Y trace element ratios) and a wide range of Sr-Nd isotopic ratios ((143)Nd/(144)Nd((129)) = 0.51178-0.51209, (87)Sr/(86)Sr((129)) = 0.70840-0.72417) characterize these rocks Geochemistry allows to distiniguish two compositional groups, corresponding to the north-eastern (Lascano and Sierra Sao Miguel, emplaced on the Neo-Proterozoic southern sector of the Dom Feliciano mobile belt) and south-eastern localities (Salamanca, Minas, emplace on the much older (Archean) Nico Perez teriane or on the boundary between the Dom Feliciano and Nico Perez termites) These compositional differences between the two groups are explained by variable mantle source and crust contributions. The origin of the silicic magmas is best explained by complex processes involving assimilation and fractional crystallization and mixing of a basaltic magma with upper crustal lithologies, for Lascano and Sierra Sao Miguel rhyolites. In the Salamanea and Minas rocks genesis, a stronger contribution from lower crust is indicated.