State Aid and Public Service Broadcasting How Future-proof is the Remit of Public Broadcasting Organisations? IES WORKING PAPER 1/2009

The European Commission’s interference through state aid rules with the Member States’ support for public service broadcasting is not undisputed. Member States, public broadcasters and numerous academics fear that State aid control might limit the public service remit and, hence, the multi-platform and holistic role of public broadcasters in the converging media industries. This paper assesses to what extent the fear for Commission intervention is, indeed, justified. It starts with the assumption that the transformation from public service broadcasting to public service media is vital for the European democratic society. The paper leads to the observation that, in fact, European State aid policy might contribute to such a necessary and urgent transformation, instead of threatening it. The paper consists of three main parts. Firstly, the legal constraints and margins of the Community’s State aid framework are discussed. Secondly, the application of the rules to a selection of public broadcasting cases is analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn from the analysis.

Questions used in examinations of the civil service commission of Philadelphia during ...

v. 1. Inspection Service .-- v.2. Medical Service.-- v.3. Police and Fire Service .-- v.4. Clerical and executive service . -- v.5. Engineering Service . -- v.6. Special and Teaching Services ; Miscellaneous Service. -- v.7. Supervising. Skilled Labor and Unskilled Labor Services.

Annual report - State of New Jersey Civil Service Commission.

Vols for 1908- have as Appendix IV: Rules and the civil service law.

Annual report - Department of Civil Service and Civil Service Commission.

Report for 1909 includes "Civil list of the state, county and village service classified under the state civil service rules. July 1, 1910."

Official minutes, meeting of the Missouri River Basin Commission.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bailly Generating Station Nuclear 1 : Northern Indiana Public Service Company /

Includes list of indexes issued.

The Intergovernmental Personnel Act : improving public service delivery.

Mode of access: Internet.

Labor relations training '76-'77 : a catalog of training courses by the U.S. Civil Service Commission.

Mode of access: Internet.

Flexibility through part-time employment of career workers in the public service /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual report of the New York State Civil Service Commission.

Some volumes have distinctive titles.