List of lights and fog signals of the United States on the Pacific coast of North America and on the Hawaiian and Midway Islands and of the lights and fog signals of the Dominion of Canada on the coast of British Columbia

Title varies slightly

British Columbia timber (and other forest products) for export : a world supply for a world market.

Mode of access: Internet.

The ABC British Columbia lumber trade directory and year book.

Latest issue consulted: 1980/81.

Memorial of the people of Red River to the British and Canadian governments, with remarks on the colonization of central British North America, and the establishment of a great territorial road from Canada to British Columbia.

Memorial of the people of Red River Settlement.

Flora of Southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island : with many references to Alaska and northern species /

Mode of access: Internet.

Evaluation of Potential Post-Glacial Faults Using Bare-Earth LiDAR Topographic Data Near Ridley Island, British Columbia

I present results of my evaluation to identify topographic lineaments that are potentially related to post-glacial faulting using bare-earth LiDAR topographic data near Ridley Island, British Columbia. The purpose of this evaluation has been to review bare-earth LiDAR data for evidence of post-glacial faulting in the area surrounding Ridley Island and provide a map of the potential faults to review and possibly field check. My work consisted of an extensive literature review to understand the tectonic, geologic, glacial and sea level history of the area and analysis of bare-earth LiDAR data for Ridley Island and the surrounding region. Ridley Island and the surrounding north coast of British Columbia have a long and complex tectonic and geologic history. The north coast of British Columbia consists of a series of accreted terranes and some post-accretionary deposits. The accreted terranes were attached to the North American continent during subduction of the Pacific Plate between approximately 200 Ma and 10 Ma. The terrane and post-accretionary deposits are metamorphosed sedimentary, volcanic and intrusive rocks. The rocks have experienced significant deformation and been intruded by plutonic bodies. Approximately 10 Ma subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North America Plate ceased along the central and north coast of British Columbia and the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone was formed. The Queen Charlotte Fault Zone is a transform-type fault that separates the Pacific Plate from the North America Plate. Within the past 1 million years, the area has experienced multiple glacial/interglacial cycles. The most recent glacial cycle occurred approximately 23,000 to 13,500 years ago. Few Quaternary deposits have been mapped in the area. The vast majority of seismicity around the northwest coast of British Columbia occurs along the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone. Numerous faults have been mapped in the area, but there is currently no evidence to suggest these faults are active (i.e. have evidence for post-glacial surface displacement or deformation). No earthquakes have been recorded within 50 km of Ridley Island. Several small earthquakes (less than magnitude 6) have been recorded within 100 km of the island. These earthquakes have not been correlated to active faults. GPS data suggests there is ongoing strain in the vicinity of Ridley Island. The strain has the potential to be released along faults, but the calculated strain may be a result of erroneous data or accommodated aseismically. Currently, the greatest known seismic hazard to Ridley Island is the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone. LiDAR data for Ridley Island, Digby Island, Lelu Island and portions of Kaien Island, Smith Island and the British Columbia mainland were reviewed and analyzed for evidence of postglacial faulting. The data showed a strong fabric across the landscape with a northwest-southeast trend that appears to mirror the observed foliation in the area. A total of 80 potential post-glacial faults were identified. Three lineaments are categorized as high, forty-one lineaments are categorized as medium and thirty-six lineaments are categorized as low. The identified features should be examined in the field to further assess potential activity. My analysis did not include areas outside of the LiDAR coverage; however faulting may be present there. LiDAR data analysis is only useful for detecting faults with surficial expressions. Faulting without obvious surficial expressions may be present in the study area.

A comparative study of three river systems leading into Nootka Sound, British Columbia: implications for winter salmon populations

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

A comparison of seabird abundance in three inlets in Nootka Sound, British Columbia: Muchalat, Zeballos, & Tahsis

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape

The late Early to early Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil sites, spanning -1000 km north-south (northeastern Washington State, southern British Columbia) provide an opportunity to reconstruct biotic communities across a broad upland landscape during the warmest part of the Cenozoic. Plant taxa from these fossil sites are characteristic of the modern eastern North American deciduous forest zone, principally the mixed mesophytic forest, but also include extinct taxa, taxa known only from eastern Asian mesothermal forests, and a small number of taxa restricted to the present-day North American west coast coniferous biome. In this preliminary report, paleoclimates and forest types are reconstructed using collections from Republic in Washington State, USA., and Princeton, Quilchena, Falkland, McAbee, Hat Creek, Horsefly, and Driftwood Canyon in British Columbia, Canada. Both leaf margin analysis (LMA) and quantitative bioclimatic analysis of identified nearest living relatives of megaflora indicated upper microthermal to lower mesothermal moist environments (MAT -10-15 degrees C, CMMT > 0 degrees C, MAP > 100 cm/year). Some taxa common to most sites suggest cool conditions (e.g., Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). However, all floras contain a substantive broadleaf deciduous element (e.g., Fagaceae, Juglandaceae) and conifers (e.g., Metasequoia) with the bioclimatic analysis yielding slightly higher MAT than LMA. Thermophilic (principally mesothermal) taxa include various insects, the aquatic fern Azolla, palms, the banana relative Ensete, taxodiaceous conifers, Eucommia and Gordonia, taxa which may have occurred near their climatic limits. The mixture of thermophilic and temperate insect and plant taxa indicates low-temperature seasonality (i.e., highly equable climate).

Physiotherapy practices and third party payers: issues in professional ethics in British Columbia

During a 4-month period, July 2nd 2014 to November 1st 2014, Canadian physiotherapy (PT) professionals were solicited for participation in an empirical cross-sectional online survey questionnaire. Our research team was interested in exploring the ethical challenges encountered in the interactions between PT professionals and third party payers. Analysis of the survey will be disseminated through scientific publications. The purpose of this report is to give detailed results relevant to your provincial association.

Photographs of the Mount Meager, southwestern British Columbia

On August 6, 2010, a large (~50 Mm**3) debris avalanche occurred on the flank of Mount Meager in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. We studied the deposits to infer the morphodynamics of the landslide from initiation to emplacement. Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry, based on oblique photos taken with a standard SLR camera during a low helicopter traverse, was used to create high-resolution orthophotos and base maps. Interpretation of the images and maps allowed us to recognize two main rheological phases in the debris avalanche. Just below the source area, in the valley of Capricorn Creek, the landslide separated into two phases, one water-rich and more mobile, and the other water-poor and less mobile. The water-rich phase spread quickly, achieved high superelevation on the valley sides, and left distal scattered deposits. The main water-poor phase moved more slowly, did not superelevate, and formed a thick continuous deposit (up to ~30 m) on the valley floor. The water-poor flow deposit has structural features such as hummocks, brittle-ductile faults, and shear zones. Our study, based on a freshly emplaced deposit, advances understanding of large mass movements by showing that a single landslide can develop multiple rheology phases with different behaviours. Rheological evolution and separation of phases should always be taken into account to provide better risk assessment scenarios.

Discerning the sub-phonemic identity of pre-nasal /æ/ in British Columbia English

There are two features of /æ/ in British Columbia (BC) English that are widely attested in the literature: it is undergoing retraction and lowering and it is sensitive to the influence of certain following consonants. The present study aims to utilize both features to evaluate the phonological status of /æ/ before nasal consonants in BC English by examining the progression of sound change and the phonemic organization of /æ/ in different environments. Specifically, production and perception results are taken together to evaluate the phonetic position of pre-nasal /æ/ relative to other environments. These results are interpreted within a modular feedforward architecture of phonology to establish the phonological (allophonic) and phonetic (shallowphonic) rules that govern the internal relationships between the subphonemic elements of /æ/ in BC English. Further, the findings of this study provide evidence for the allophone being the target of sound change, rather than the phoneme.

Memorandum Of Understanding On Academic Cooperation Between Royal Roads University Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Universidad de Cuenca. Cuenca,Ecuador

English

Physiotherapy practices and third party payers: issues in professional ethics in British Columbia

[À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : ESPUM - Dép. médecine sociale et préventive - Travaux et publications]

Electron microprobe investigations of metamorphic reactions and mineral growth histories, Kwoiek area, British Columbia

The Kwoiek Area of British Columbia contains a pendant or screen of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks almost entirely surrounded by a portion of the Coast Range Batholith, and intruded by several dozen stocks. The major metamorphic effects were produced by the quartz diorite batholithic rocks, with minor and later effects by the quartz diorite stocks. The sequence of important metamorphic reactions in the metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, ranging in grade from chlorite to sillimanite, is:

1. chlorite + carbonate + muscovite → epidote + biotite

2. chlorite + carbonate → actinolite + epidote

3. chlorite + muscovite → garnet + biotite

4. chlorite + epidote → garnet + hornblende

5. chlorite + muscovite → garnet + staurolite + biotite

6. chlorite + muscovite → aluminum silicate + biotite

7. muscovite + staurolite → garnet + aluminum silicate + biotite

8. staurolite → garnet + aluminum silicate

Continuous reactions, occurring between reactions 5 and 7, are:

A. chlorite + (high Ti) biotite + Al₂O₃ (from plagioclase?)→ garnet + staurolite + (low Ti) biotite + O₂

B. muscovite (phengitic) → garnet + staurolite +muscovite (less phengitic) + O₂ (?)

Detailed electron microprobe work on garnet, staurolite, biotite, and chlorite shows that:

(1) The garnet porphyroblasts are zoned according to a depletion model, called the Rayleigh depletion model, which assumes equilibrium between the edge of a growing garnet and the minerals which are unzoned, notably biotite, chlorite, and muscovite, but which assumes disequilibrium within the garnet.

(2) The staurolite porphyroblasts are also zoned, and from their zoning patterns reactions A, B, and 5 are documented. Progressive reduction of iron with increasing grade of metamorphism is also inferred from the staurolite zoning patterns.

(3) During a late period of falling temperature garnet continued to grow and the biotite and chlorite reequilibrated. The biotite, chlorite, and garnet edge compositions can vary from point to point in a given thin section, indicating that the volume of equilibrium at the final stage of metamorphism was only a few cubic microns.

(4) The horizon within the garnet that grew at maximum temperature can be identified. The Mg/Fe ratio of this horizon, if the garnet composition is a limiting composition in the Al₂O₃ - K₂O - FeO - MgO tetrahedron, increases systematically with increasing metamorphic grade. Biotite and chlorite compositions also show a general increase in Mg/Fe ratio with increasing metamorphic grade, but staurolite appears to show the reverse effect.

(5) The Mg/Fe ratio at the maximum temperature horizon of the garnet porphyroblasts is a function of its Mn content as evidenced from the study of five garnet-bearing rocks, collected from one outcrop area, with the same assemblage but with differing proportions of minerals.

An important implication of zoned minerals is that the effective composition of a system in a phase lies on the join between the homogeneous minerals (if there are two) and not within three-or- four-phase fields when a zoned mineral, such as garnet or staurolite, is present in the assemblage.

Study of the three aluminum silicates found in the Kwoiek Area showed that a constant pressure change in polymorphs from andalusite to kyanite to sillimanite took place with increasing temperature. This transition series is best explained by the metastable formation of andalusite.

Photographic materials on pages 15, 121, 160, 162, and 164 are essential and will not reproduce clearly on Xerox copies. Photographic copies should be ordered.