March 2011: Gardening with the Department of Agriculture

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The trajectory of social housing policy in Brazil: From the National Housing Bank to the Ministry of the Cities

This paper discusses social housing policy in Brazil since the 1990s by analyzing government programs’ institutional arrangements, their sources of revenues and the formatting of related financial systems. The conclusion suggests that all these arrangements have not constituted a comprehensive housing policy with the clear aim of serving to enhance housing conditions in the country. Housing ‘policies’ since the 1990s – as proposed by Fernando Collor de Mello, Itamar Franco, Fernando Henrique Cardoso and ´ Luis Inacio Lula da Silva’s governments (in the latter case, despite much progress towards subsidized investment programs) – have sought to consolidate financial instruments in line with global markets, restructuring the way private interests operate within the system, a necessary however incomplete course of action. Different from rhetoric, this has resulted in failure as the more fundamental social results for the poor have not yet been achieved.

Microbiological Evaluation of Chicken Carcasses in an Immersion Chilling System with Water Renewal at 8 and 16 Hours

Since 2004, Brazil has been the leading exporter of chicken. Because of the importance of this sector in the Brazilian economy, food safety must be ensured by control and monitoring of the production stages susceptible to contamination, such as the chilling process. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in microbial levels on chicken carcasses and in chilling water after immersion in a chilling system for 8 and 16 h during commercial processing. An objective of the study was to encourage discussion regarding the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Food Supply regulation that requires chicken processors to completely empty, clean, and disinfect each tank of the chilling system after every 8-h shift. Before and after immersion carcasses were collected and analyzed for mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, conforms, and Escherichia coli. Samples of water from the chilling system were also analyzed for residual free chlorine. The results do not support required emptying of the chiller tank after 8 h; these tanks could be emptied after 16 h. The results for all carcasses tested at the 8- and 16-h time points indicated no significant differences in the microbiological indicators evaluated. These data provide both technical and scientific support for discussing changes in federal law regarding the management of immersion chilling water systems used as part of the poultry processing line.

Panorama de la Agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe en las últimas décadas: indicadores de comportamiento en cuadros y gráficos = Survey of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean over recent decades: performance indicators in charts and tables

Incluye Bibliografía

Panorama de la agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe, 1990-2000 = Survey of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1990-2000

Incluye Bibliografía

Agriculturization as a syndrome: a comparative study of agriculture in Argentina and Australia

Includes bibliography

Scope, objectives and special problems of planning for agricultural development with reference to Barbados

Describe la organización, metas y objetivos del proceso de planificación para el desarrollo de la agricultura en Barbados.

Situación y evolución de la agricultura y la alimentación en América Latina = Situation and evolution of agriculture and food supplies in Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

Note by the Secretariat (Request by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, on behalf of the Regional Council of Martinique for admission as an associate member of ECLAC)

Spanish version available

Committee IV (economic problems of agriculture): summary record of the fifth meeting, held at Bogotá on Thursday 8 September 1955 at 3.40 pm.

Documento indica en el título "third meeting"