Avaliação dos impactos do programa bolsa família na renda, na educação e no mercado de trabalho das famílias pobres do Brasil

This study aims to verify the impact of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in income and school attendance of poor Brazilian families. It is intended to also check the existence of a possible negative effect of the program on the labor market, titled as sloth effect. For such, microdata from the IBGE Census sample in 2010 were used. Seeking to purge possible selection biases, methodology of Quantilic Treatment Effect (QTE) was applied, in particular the estimator proposed by Firpo (2007), which assumes an exogenous and non-conditional treatment. Moreover, Foster- Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index was calculated to check if there are fewer households below the poverty line, as well as if the inequality among the poor decreases. Human Opportunity Index (HOI) was also calculated to measure the access of young people / children education. Results showed that BFP has positively influenced the family per capita income and education (number of children aged 5-17 years old attending school). As for the labor market (worked hours and labor income), the program showed a negative effect. Thus, when compared with not benefiting families, those families who receive the BFP have: a) a higher family income (due to the shock of the transfer budget money) b) more children attending school (due to the conditionality imposed by the program); c) less worked hours (due to sloth effect in certain family groups) and d) a lower income from work. All these effects were potentiated separating the sample in the five Brazilian regions, being observed that the BFP strongly influenced the Northeast, showing a greater decrease in income inequality and poverty, and at the same time, achieved a greater negative impact on the labor market

Educação profissional: a expansão recente do IFRN e a absorção local dos egressos no mercado de trabalho

This study aims to analyze how IFRN s process of interiorization contributes to endogenization of local and territorial development, more precisely in terms of graduates absorption into the labor market, form of inclusion and increase of income and welfare. The research premise is that the policy of interiorization and expansion of professional and technology education, by decentralizing opportunities, create a differential for the educational and professional trajectory of part of the graduates. This training, however, retain a relative connection with the productive potentialities in the coverage territories. This study includes a review of the literature on education and labor market and a discussion about the role of technical and professional formation for the local development versus the logic of the free market, considering the expansion of public spending for this purpose. For this study two sets of information and data have been collected primarily, with qualitative and quantitative nature. The research with qualitative focus, entitled Pesquisa de Avaliação da Expansão (PAEX), is constituted by series of open interviews applied to institutional representatives, with the purpose of knowing aspects of the interiorization repercussion in the local development process. The research designed to quantity analysis, entitled of the Pesquisa de Acompanhamento de Egressos (PAE), have been put in practice by applying online questionnaire with closed questions to IFRN s former students, aiming to know the form of insertion of the graduates in the labor market and the formation capacity of increasing the welfare, among other things. Empirical data and information fully confirmed the hypothesis of this study, for they really demonstrated that the expansion policy decentralizes opportunities and constitutes an important differential for the professional trajectory of a significant portion of the graduates. However, the graduates employability in the labor market in their territories of coverage is below expectations, due to structural problems of the local economy related to scarcity of jobs, difficulty in wage growth and in professional development. Complementarily, it has been observed institutional difficulties related to the recent implantation process of the policy of professional and technical education in the various campuses of the Institution

Pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho: considerações sobre políticas públicas nos Estados Unidos, União Europeia e Brasil

Atualmente, discussões a respeito da construção de uma sociedade inclusiva, ou seja, responsiva às diferenças, têm ocorrido em diversos países. de acordo com os princípios da inclusão social, a participação das pessoas com deficiência na sociedade depende de profundas transformações, cabendo à sociedade prover os suportes necessários para que esses indivíduos tenham acesso a todos os recursos disponíveis no meio social e, além disso, ao convívio de maneira não-segregada. Uma questão importante, nesse sentido, é a elaboração de políticas públicas no âmbito do trabalho voltadas para pessoas com deficiência. Embora o acesso ao trabalho seja considerado um dos principais direitos civis dos indivíduos, as pessoas com deficiência ainda encontram diversas barreiras para ingressar no mercado profissional. Partindo dessas afirmações, este artigo teve como objetivo discutir alguns dos principais aspectos das políticas de emprego adotadas nos Estados Unidos, na União Europeia e no Brasil para favorecer a inserção desses indivíduos no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, três documentos legais, sendo um Nacional, um procedente dos Estados Unidos e outro, da União Europeia, foram analisados quanto aos itens: a) ano de publicação do documento; b) objetivos; c) definição de deficiência; e d) estratégias de inserção da pessoa com deficiência no mercado de trabalho. A partir das considerações realizadas, pode-se dizer que existem avanços e divergências nas políticas de emprego e que estas estão relacionadas às particularidades de cada um dos contextos; no entanto, existe uma preocupação comum em garantir à pessoa com deficiência o ingresso na atividade profissional.

As pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho: expressão das desigualdades sociais

This work was developed in the extent of the Post Graduation Program in Social Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. It talks about the process of inclusion of the disabled people in the Job market in Mossoró-RN, bringing for the academic debate relevant thematic for the Brazilian society, for the profession of Social Service and similar areas and for the people with deficiency. It has the objective to apprehend the determiners that make possible the process of the disabled people's inclusion in the Job market in Mossoró, having as parameter the National Politics for the Integration of People Bearers of Deficiency. The critical theoretical perspective is backed in Marx's ideas for the understanding concerning the work, as well as in Pochamann, concerning the job market, regarding the exclusion/inclusion category is based in Martins, Yasbek and Sposati and on deficiency in the National Politics for the Integration of the Disabled People. The research is of qualitative nature and it took as subjects 26 (twenty-six) people, being 09 (nine) people with deficiency, inserted in the formal job and regulated market, and 17 (seventeen) managers of private companies and public institutions of the city of Mossoró-RN. For the collection of data we used techniques of nonsystemic observation, semi-structured interview and documental analysis. The results of the research mark that any modality of the human workforce used in the current context, they are functional to the capitalism and they move forward towards exploration, alienation and subordination of the work to the capital; the National Politics for the Integration of the People with Deficiency expresses and reproduces the contradictory dynamics of the class society, it reflects the neo liberal shades through the selectivity and of the articulation among the federated beings and organizations of the civil society for its operational system; there is a misproportion between the percentages of the quotas and the amount of people with deficiency inserted in the job market, just corresponding to a tiny numeric magnitude; the developed activities are of low social status and it is expressive the amount of workers that receives between one and two minimum wages. These data drive us to infer that the mentioned politics make possible, partly, the inclusion of the disabled people in the job market, though, such inclusion is executed in the selective or focused dimensions, marginal, precarious and unstable

A Relação formação profissional / Mercado de Trabalho: percepção dos assistentes sociais não-inseridos no mercado de trabalho do Serviço Social em Natal/RN

The study is about the non-insertion of the Social Assistant in the work market of Natal/RN, emphasizing the perception those Social Assistants have about this problem. We try to analyze the relation that those workers figure out about their non-insertion in the work market and their professional formation. The problem is related to the present unemployment rates in our society, which results of the changes that have affected the world of work as a whole in the wake of the Productive Restructuring and State Reformation supported by the neo-liberalism ideological system. We realize that these factors have deeply affected the configurations of the work market in general; especially those related to professions whose challenges multiply obstacles not only to the insertion of new workers, but to their staying in their job. We note that the reality of the work market has been built up on the decrease of the work force opportunities and the increase of the selectivity criteria to insertion of new workers. In consequence, unemployment rates increase everywhere, regardless of place, profession or education level of the workers. Work and management changes have brought about new challenges to professional formation. The presence of neo-liberalism productive and market logic demands a more adequate professional formation to work market from their candidates to a job. Due to the numberless difficulties workers face nowadays to enter the world of work, society itself and workers in general begin to question the profession of their choice, the kind of formation they have got, and frequently they lay the blame of their professional difficulties on it. This result has come out from the research we did with some social assistants not inserted in the professional work market in Natal/RN. The research reveals too that those unemployed professionals see their difficulties connected to their professional formation and they happen to say that the main challenge they face today is to get acknowledgment to the significance and importance of their profession

Ensino superior em Turismo: uma análise da relação dos cursos acadêmicos de Turismo da cidade do Natal-RN e o mercado de trabalho na percepção dos egressos dos anos de 2009 e 2010

The process of development of any area is closely linked to teaching and research, and in Tourism it is not different. Thus, in this area in which service is one of the factors intrinsically related to its success , it is observed the need for people with deep and critical training in the various aspects of this activity acting in this sector. However, we can see the existence of some differences between what is offered by the academy from what is required by the market. Therefore, the objective of this research is to verify the relationship between higher education in Tourism and labor market through the perception of the bachelor in this area, graduated in Natal-RN, since it is the tourismologist who makes the link between this two fields. To know the perception of these tourismologists, it was necessary to apply a questionnaire to those ones graduated in the years 2009 and 2010. In accordance with the aim of this study, this research was exploratory-descriptive. Related to the technical procedures, it was a documentary, literature and field research. To have it analyzed, some qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied according to our specific objectives and the types of data collected, such as: content analysis, factorial analysis to synthesize the information and identify the basic dimensions that represent the different variables studied, the standard deviation to verify the variation of the responses in some items and the correlation technique that allows the analysis of the relationship between two variables. In response to the objectives proposed here, we could finally conclude that: the syllabuses of these courses are too general and the graduates themselves consider them so. It was diagnosed that the graduates 1) are mostly female, 2) a very small part of them is working in the area that they are graduated in, and 3) not all of them receive satisfactory wages which contributes to having a negative view of their degree course. Moreover, the educational institution where they studied was not a decisive factor to get a job. It was still diagnosed that most part of them do not have positive perceptions when thinking about the future of their careers as bachelors in Tourism. Many of them, including, if it was possible to change something in their careers so far, they could have chosen another college degree. It was found that, although there is a negative perception about their professional future, almost half of them believe that the course met the needs of the market. However, those ones that are not working have a more positive point of view related to the applicability of higher education. On the other hand, the other ones who already worked in this area have a more negative perception about it and do not believe that the course meets the market's needs. In summary, this study allowed the understanding of the existence of some gaps that exist between higher education in Tourism and the market needs, professionally speaking, thus contributing to the spreading of ideas on that subject for teachers, researchers and the current and future students of the area.

Formação profissional e inserção no mercado de trabalho: percepções de egressos de graduação em enfermagem

A trajetória profissional dos egressos permite analisar, compreender e refletir sobre o ensino superior e as características inerentes ao mercado de trabalho. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: apreender e analisar percepções de egressos de curso de graduação em Enfermagem de instituição privada em relação ao processo de formação, frente às condições de inserção no mercado de trabalho e às demandas vivenciadas no cotidiano profissional. O método utilizado foi o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os 104 egressos foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a atuação após a graduação. A análise dos discursos possibilitou uma reflexão aprofundada dessa formação, indicando a necessidade de revisão do projeto pedagógico, destacando o ensino voltado para o desenvolvimento de competências nas quatro dimensões do processo de cuidar: gerência, assistência, educação e pesquisa.

Indústria informal de confecções e mercado de trabalho :um estudo sobre a grande Natal (1977-2003)

The process of globalization which has characterized today s Brazilian economic development is determining in the restructuring of productive capital, influencing the development of an economic model, founded on greater competition and use of technology. As a consequence of that, there has been a certain disorganization of the economy, the growth of social inequalities and the lack of structuring of the labor market and the social security system. This has favored a rapid growth of the urban informal economy in Brazil. In Rio Grande do Norte state, the Greater Natal area is the main production center. This is where this study found 58 informal textile industries. In the research, the organizational structure of these industries, characterized by intensive use of labor vis-à-vis the use of capital, problems with putting production in the market place, although links with the formal sector were evident, is analysed. The research also focuses on the relationship labor x capital, the nature and volume of the industrial activity in the 58 industries, their proprietors and 120 employees

Estudo do mercado de trabalho em Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL): território e produção cerâmica em Santa Gertrudes/SP

No presente artigo, sob a perspectiva de que toda aglomeração produtiva está associada a um respectivo mercado de trabalho local, são analisadas as principais características do mercado de trabalho inerente à territorialidade da indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos da região de Santa Gertrudes/SP. No contexto de profundas modificações na atividade industrial e no mundo do trabalho que conduzem a novos formatos espaciais das relações econômicas, são discutidos no texto a pertinência da noção de mercado de trabalho local à luz da atual ênfase dada aos aglomerados territoriais de pequenas e médias empresas - chamados de APLs (Arranjos Produtivos Locais)- a partir de seu potencial gerador de competitividade e desenvolvimento territorial.

Ensino de 2º grau: em busca de uma organização condizente com as novas determinações postas pelo mercado de trabalho

Com o objetivo de compreender o papel e a função fundamental da educação em nível de 2º grau, este artigo tem o intuito de proporcionar ao leitor uma visão dos avanços e possíveis retrocessos acerca do assunto, na discussão que se trava nos meios acadêmicos, buscando fazer uma síntese das idéias correntes sobre o ensino de 2º grau.

Inovação tecnológica e o mercado de trabalho do engenheiro cartógrafo

The article focuses on the presence of the technologic innovation and the surveyed current conditions of the cartographic engineer's work market. The methodology is based on forms with objective questions answered by the professionals. The current survey is the fourth one starting in 1995 and the first one with on line forms filled out by the Brazilian Association of Cartographic Engineers - São Paulo Section's web page. The sample was made up with 141 engineers and it revealed numbers that confirm the growing visibility and social recognition of the Brazilian cartographic engineer, although still far from the condition consistent with the territorial extension and the importance of Cartography for the country. The survey shows that the monthly average revenues are of approximately fifteen minimum wages; that the sample has only 13% of employers, although it is the highest percentage among all surveys; that 63 professionals cited 127 times that their organizations are related to technologic innovation at a proportion of two citations per organization; that 69% of the sample are optimists concerned to the future. Other important pieces of in formation to students and professionals will also be discussed in the article.

Flexibilidade do mercado de trabalho, proteçao aos trabalhadores e treinamento vocacional de força de trabalho: a experiência de América Latina e perspectivas (análise do caso brasileiro)

Incluye Bibliografía

Flexibilidade e segurança no mercado de trabalho: a busca da melhoria da proteçao social dos trabalhadores brasileiros

Incluye Bibliografía

Emprego feminino no Brasil: mudanças institucionais e novas inserçoes no mercado de trabalho

Incluye Bibliografía

Evolução e dinâmica do mercado de trabalho formal e das relações de trabalho em Presidente Prudente: subsídios para a compreensão da dinâmica regional através do trabalho e do emprego formal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)