Sharpening the focus of force field analysis

The purpose is to explore the inherent complexity of Kurt Lewin's force field theory through applied analysis of organizational case examples and related methods. The methodology applies a range of tools from the consultancy research domain, including force field analysis of complex organizational scenarios, and applies bricolage and corroboration to emerging discoveries from semi-structured interviews, author experience, critical reflection and literature survey. Findings are that linear representation of internal and external forces in organizational applications of field theory does not fully explain the paradox of inverse vectors in the forces of change. The force field is not an impermeable thing; instead, it morphs. Examples of the inverse principle and its effects are detailed and extended in this analysis. The implications of the research are that force field analysis and related change processes promoted in organizational change literature run the risk of missing key complexities. The inclusion of the inverse principle can provide enhanced, holistic understanding of the prevailing forces for change. The augmentation of the early work of Kurt Lewin, and extension of previous analyses of his legacy in the Journal of Change Management and elsewhere, provide, in this article, change analysis insights that align well with current organizational environments.

Mean-field model for Josephson oscillation in a Bose-Einstein condensate on an one-dimensional optical trap

Using the axially-symmetric time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation we study the phase coherence in a repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped by a harmonic and an one-dimensional optical lattice potential to describe the experiment by Cataliotti et al. on atomic Josephson oscillation [Science 293, 843 (2001)]. The phase coherence is maintained after the BEC is set into oscillation by a small displacement of the magnetic trap along the optical lattice. The phase coherence in the presence of oscillating neutral current across an array of Josephson junctions manifests in an interference pattern formed upon free expansion of the BEC. The numerical response of the system to a large displacement of the magnetic trap is a classical transition from a coherent superfluid to an insulator regime and a subsequent destruction of the interference pattern in agreement With the more recent experiment by Cataliotti et al. [New J. Phys. 5, 71 (2003)].

Mean-field description of a dynamical collapse of a fermionic condensate in a trapped boson-fermion mixture

We suggest a time-dependent dynamical mean-field-hydrodynamic model for the collapse of a trapped boson-fermion condensate and perform numerical simulation based on it to understand some aspects of the experiment by Modugno et al. [Science 297, 2240 (2002)] on the collapse of the fermionic condensate in the K-40-Rb-87 mixture. We show that the mean-field model explains the formation of a stationary boson-fermion condensate at zero temperature with relative sizes compatible with experiment. This model is also found to yield a faithful representation of the collapse dynamics in qualitative agreement with experiment. In particular we consider the collapse of the fermionic condensate associated with (a) an increase of the number of bosonic atoms as in the experiment and (b) an increase of the attractive boson-fermion interaction using a Feshbach resonance. Suggestion for experiments of fermionic collapse using a Feshbach resonance is made.

Limits of validity for a semiclassical mean-field two-fluid model for Bose-Einstein condensation thermodynamics

We reinvestigate the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) thermodynamics of a weakly interacting dilute Bose gas under the action of a trap using a semi-classical two-fluid mean-field model in order to find the domain of applicability of the model. Such a model is expected to break down once the condition of diluteness and weak interaction is violated. We find that this breakdown happens for values of coupling and density near the present experimental scenario of BEG. With the increase of the interaction coupling and density the model may lead to unphysical results for thermodynamic observables. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V, All rights reserved.

Mean-field model for the interference of matter-waves from a three-dimensional optical trap

Using the mean-field time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation we study the formation of a repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate on a combined optical and harmonic traps in two and three dimensions and subsequent generation of the interference pattern upon the removal of the combined traps as in the experiment by, Greiner et al. [Nature (London 415 (2002) 39]. For optical traps of moderate strength, interference pattern of 27 (9) prominent bright spots is found to be formed in three. (two) dimensions on a cubic (square) lattice in agreement with experiment. Similar interference pattern can also be formed upon removal of the optical lattice trap only. The pattern so formed can oscillate for a long time in the harmonic trap which can be observed experimentally. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Kaon condensation and lambda-nucleon loop in the relativistic mean-field approach

The possibility of kaon condensation in high-density symmetric nuclear matter is investigated including both s- and p-wave kaon-baryon interactions within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. Above a certain density, we have a collective (D) over bar (S) state carrying the same quantum numbers as the antikaon. The appearance of the (K) over bar (S) state is caused by the time component of the axial-vector interaction between kaons and baryons. It is shown that the system becomes unstable with respect to condensation of K-(K) over bar (S) pairs. We consider how the effective baryon masses affect the kaon self-energy coming from the time component of the axial-vector interaction. Also, the role of the spatial component of the axial-vector interaction on the possible existence of the collective kaonic states is discussed in connection with A-mixing effects in the ground state of high-density matter: Implications of K (K) over bar (S) condensation for high-energy heavy-ion collisions are briefly mentioned. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamical mean-field study of strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate

The experimental results of Rb-85 Bose-Einstein condensates are analyzed within the mean-field approximation with time-dependent two-body interaction and dissipation due to three-body recombination. We found that the magnitude of the dissipation is consistent with the three-body theory for longer rise times. However, for shorter rise times, it occurs an enhancement of this parameter, consistent with a coherent dimer formation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mean-field equations for cigar- and disc-shaped Bose and Fermi superfluids

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

QUARK MEAN-FIELD THEORY AND CONSISTENCY WITH NUCLEAR-MATTER

1/N(c) expansion in QCD (with N(c) the number of colors) suggests using a potential from meson sector (e.g., Richardson) for baryons. For light quarks a sigma-field has to be introduced to ensure chiral symmetry breaking (chi-SB). It is found that nuclear matter properties can be used to pin down the chi-SB modeling. All masses, M(N), m-sigma, m-omega, are found to scale with density. The equations are solved self-consistently.

Self-bound droplet of Bose and Fermi atoms in one dimension: Collective properties in mean-field and Tonks-Girardeau regimes

We investigate a dilute mixture of bosons and spin-polarized fermions in one dimension. With an attractive Bose-Fermi scattering length the ground state is a self-bound droplet, i.e., a Bose-Fermi bright soliton where the Bose and Fermi clouds are superimposed. We find that the quantum fluctuations stabilize the Bose-Fermi soliton such that the one-dimensional bright soliton exists for any finite attractive Bose-Fermi scattering length. We study density profile and collective excitations of the atomic bright soliton showing that they depend on the bosonic regime involved: mean-field or Tonks-Girardeau.

Relativistic deformed mean-field calculation of binding energy differences of mirror nuclei

Binding energy differences of mirror nuclei for A = 15, 17, 27, 29, 31, 33, 39 and 41 are calculated in the framework of relativistic deformed mean-field theory. To fully include the effects of the polarization of the nuclear core due to the extra particle or hole, the spatial components of the vector meson fields and the photon are taken into account in a self-consistent manner. The calculated binding energy differences are systematically smaller than the experimental values and lend support to the existency of the Okamoto-Nolen-Schiffer anomaly found decades ago in nonrelativistic calculations, For the majority of the nuclei studied, however, the results are such that the anomaly is significantly smaller than the one obtained within state-of-the-art nonrelativistic calculations.

Effects of nuclear structure on parity nonconservation in atomic cesium in relativistic mean field theory

We use relativistic mean field theory, which includes scalar and vector mesons, to calculate the binding energy and charge radii in 125Cs - 139Cs. We then evaluate the nuclear structure corrections to the weak charges for a series of cesium isotopes using different parameters and estimate their uncertainty in the framework of this model.

Mean-field description of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates

Numerical simulations based on the time-dependent mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation was performed to explain the dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of 85Rb atoms. The atomic interaction was manipulated by an external magnetic field via a Feshbach resonance. On changing the scattering length of atomic interaction from a positive to a large negative value, the condensate collapsed and ejected atoms via explosion.

Mean-field model of interaction between bright vortex solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates

Using the explicit numerical solution of the axially symmetric Gross-Pitaevskii equation we study the dynamics of interaction among vortex solitons in a rotating matter-wave bright soliton train in a radially trapped and axially free Bose-Einstein condensate to understand certain features of the experiment by Strecker et al (2002 Nature 417 150). In a soliton train, solitons of opposite phase (phase δ = π) repel and stay apart without changing shape; solitons with δ = 0 attract, interact and coalesce, but eventually come out; solitons with a general δ usually repel but interact inelastically by exchanging matter. We study this and suggest future experiments with vortex solitons.