Die unvermeidlichen Sonette: Thomas Mann und Shakespeare

Thomas Mann empfand zeitlebens eine große Bewunderung für Shakespeare, die sich in der für seine literarische Arbeitsweise typischen Form der intertextuellen Bezugnahme auf die Werke des englischen Klassikers offenbart. Diese literarische Beziehung lässt sich anhand deutlicher Allusionen von den Anfängen bis ins Spätwerk verfolgen und kulminiert im Doktor Faustus. Innerhalb der Shakespeare-Anspielungen in diesem Roman nehmen Bezüge zu den Sonetten eine zentrale Rolle ein. Über Jahrzehnte hinweg zeigte sich Thomas Mann fasziniert von diesen Gedichten und setzte sich vielfach mit der in ihnen dargestellten Verbindung von hetero- und homosexueller Anziehung sowie der zentralen Thematik künstlerischer Verewigung auseinander. Diese beiden Themenkreise stehen auch hier im Vordergrund und bilden eine Folie für Aspekte der Beziehung zwischen Leverkühn und Rudi Schwerdtfeger, wobei Thomas Mann nicht nur Motive aus den Gedichten aufgriff, sondern ebenfalls auf die Entstehungssituation der Sonette und ihre vermutete autobiographische Dimension Bezug nahm: Leverkühn - seinerseits ein Selbstporträt seines Autors - nimmt so zugleich die Rolle einer Shakespeareschen Figur und die Position des englischen Dichters selbst ein. Darüber hinaus ist sich Thomas Manns Protagonist dieser literarischen Beziehungen in hohem Grade bewusst und gestaltet sie selbst entscheidend mit. Wie keine andere Mannsche Gestalt vor ihm greift Leverkühn als Hauptfigur in die Handlung ein, manipuliert und inszeniert das Romangeschehen anhand literarischer Vorlagen. Dadurch erhält Thomas Manns komplexe Verwendung von Intertextualität eine zusätzliche Dimension und nimmt in diesem späten Roman geradezu postmoderne Züge an.

„Fern im dänischen Norden ein Bruder”:Thomas Mann und Herman Bang. Eine literarische Spurensuche

This study for the first time demonstrates and analyses the full extent of Danish impressionist writer Herman Bang’s influence on one of Germany’s major authors, Thomas Mann. Mann was an avid reader of Bang’s works and he regarded the Scandinavian writer as a kindred spirit, a “brother up north”, who “taught [him] much”. It has previously been accepted that Bang was an inspiration for Mann in his formative years. However, as this study conclusively shows, references to Bang’s works occur throughout Mann’s writings, from the early novellas to the late novels. The book argues that Mann was not only impressed by Bang’s highly individual style of impressionist writing but that his fascination for Bang’s works was to a large extent based on this author’s recurrent depiction of decadence, his handling of artistic motifs and his treatment of erotic themes. Bang’s topical focus on the problematically isolated lives of artists and aristocrats as well as his insights on the destructive nature of love and sexuality – particularly of homoerotic desire – were surprisingly similar to Mann’s own views on these topics and yet provoked him to produce heavily referenced counter versions of Bang’s works. This phenomenon is explored in the context of Mann’s struggle with his own homosexuality and the attraction that death and decadence exerted over him. Most of Mann’s writings are in that way indebted to Bang. In addition, Mann’s frequent use of homoerotic subtexts and his depiction of female characters were noticeably influenced by Bang’s literary techniques. All these different, yet closely interlinked, aspects of Mann’s creative appropriation of Bang’s works are analysed and discussed in this study. To conclude, Mann’s references to Bang’s works are schematised and an attempt is made to characterise Mann’s intertextual practice in general in the context of his famous use of irony.

[Rezension de] Stefan Börnchen / Georg Mein / Gary Schmidt (Hg.): Thomas Mann. Neue kulturwissenschaftliche Lektüren

Review

Letras, 1984, nº 10 (número completo)

Contenido: Los modos de producción y “reproducción” del texto literario y la noción de apertura / Diego Catalán – La poesía de Santiago Sylvester: entre la protección y el desamparo / Alicia Chibán – Cultura y espiritualidad: San Juan de Dios / María Rosa Saurín de la Iglesia – Sobre algunos problemas en el estudio del romancero español / Daniel Devoto – La música en Hermann Hesse y Thomas Mann / Dolores de Durañona y Vedia – En busca de Orélie Antoine Primero / Luis Martínez Cuitiño – Aproximaciones a Benito Lynch y su obra / María Luisa Montero – El suicidio de Melibea: ¿Voluntad personal o influencia mágica? / Iván Marco Pelicaric – Notas sobre la titulación de capítulos en Galdós / Beatriz Entenza de Solare – Reseñas bibliográficas

[Book review] Reviews. Scarlett Thomas, PopCo, London and New York: Fourth Estate, 2004

Book review of: Scarlett Thomas, PopCo, London and New York: Fourth Estate, 2004. 1-84115-763-5, £12.99.

A imagem dos destinos turísticos de montanha: olhares dos residentes e dos turistas

No actual contexto de competitividade, os destinos turísticos podem diferenciar-se pela imagem que os turistas e residentes têm sobre eles enquanto espaços alternativos de lazer e turismo (Baloglu & Mangaloglu, 2001). A imagem dos destinos constitui um conceito central na literatura em turismo porque está fortemente relacionada com o comportamento dos residentes e dos turistas (Baloglu & McCleary, 1999). A imagem afecta o comportamento de escolha e avaliação do destino, da viagem e da participação e experiência turísticas (Echtner and Ritchie 1991; Lee & Lee, 2009). Por outro lado, os residentes têm, também eles, uma imagem sobre o local onde residem que pode e deve ser analisada, afectando, por sua vez, a percepção que os turistas têm desses espaços (Gallarza, Saura & García, 2001). Alguns destinos turísticos possuem características simbólicas que exercem forte influência na formação da sua imagem, como são o caso dos espaços de montanha. De facto, as montanhas constituem um dos mais profundos arquétipos da Humanidade simbolizando poder, liberdade e eternidade (Smethurst, 2000, p.36). As regiões de montanha têm-se tornado num dos mais atractivos destinos turísticos constituindo a sua procura, actualmente, 20% dos fluxos turísticos globais com 500 milhões de turistas anualmente (UNEP, 2002; Thomas et al., 2006). Mas até muito recentemente, os estudos sobre os espaços de montanha limitavam-se, maioritariamente, às suas características físicas, ecológicas e ambientais (Smethurst, 2000). Uma abordagem do ponto de vista do turismo de montanha, no contexto da imagem, pode revelar-se, assim, essencial. Neste contexto, o presente estudo pretende analisar, de uma forma holística e multidisciplinar, a imagem que os residentes e turistas têm dos espaços de montanha, bem como o respectivo gap. O objectivo central é construir uma escala MDI - Mountain Destination Image Scale - no sentido de medir os parâmetros da imagem do destino, incluindo factores cognitivos e afectivos e tendo em conta os grupos populacionais turistas e residentes. Com base numa extensa revisão da literatura em imagem dos destinos turísticos e nos significados sociais e culturais da montanha ao longo do tempo, e no âmbito do trabalho empírico realizado a 315 turistas e 315 residentes na Serra da Estrela (Portugal), Alpes (França, Áustria e Suiça) e Picos da Europa (Espanha), os resultados indicam que a escala multidimensional MDI integra cinco dimensões de imagem de montanha pelos turistas: (1) histórico-cultural, (2) natural/ecológica, (3) social e prestígio, (4) lazer e desporto e (5) afectiva; e três dimensões percepcionadas pelos residentes: (1) mística/sagrada, (2) histórico-cultural e (3) afectiva. A discussão é centrada nas implicações teóricas e práticas da escala MDI no planeamento, gestão e marketing dos destinos turísticos de montanha. São igualmente apresentadas as limitações do presente estudo e traçadas algumas linhas orientadoras para investigações futuras.

Christopher Newton Collection, 1955-1998 (non-inclusive)

Christopher Newton was born in England in June of 1936. He received his education at Sir Roger Manwood’s School in Kent, the University of Leeds, Purdue University in Indiana and the University of Illinois where he received his M.A. He founded Theatre Calgary in 1968 and was the artistic director there until 1971. He was appointed as the artistic director of the Vancouver Playhouse where he established the Playhouse Acting School with Powys Thomas. Mr. Newton has also performed and directed at Stratford Festivals and on Broadway. He became the artistic director at Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake in 1979 and remained there for 23 seasons until 2002. Mr. Newton has many television, radio and film credits to his name as well as having written many stage plays. Mr. Newton has received honorary degrees from Brock University (1986), the University of Guelph (1989), Wilfrid Laurier University (1997) and Buffalo State University. He was made an Honorary Fellow at the Royal Conservatory of Music of Toronto (1993) and of Ryerson Polytechnic University (1995). He has won the Governor General’s performing arts award (2000), the Molson Prize and the Thomas DeGaetani Award from the United States Institute for Theatre Technology. In 1996 he was made an Honorary Life Member of the Association for Canadian Theatre Research and in the same year he received the M. Joan Chalmers Award for Artistic Direction. In 1995, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and he won a Governor General's Performing Arts Award in 2000. Christopher Newton is currently the Artistic Director Emeritus at the Shaw Festival. Sources: http://www.shawfest.com/the-ensemble/christopher-newton/ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/christopher-newton

Government policy and private investment in Brazil (1955/82)

The questlon of the crowding-out of private !nvestment by public expenditure, public investment in particular , ln the Brazilian economy has been discussed more in ideological terrns than on empirical grounds. The present paper tries to avoid the limitation of previous studies by estlmatlng an equation for private investment whlch makes it possible to evaluate the effect of economic policies on prlvate investment. The private lnvestment equation was deduced modifylng the optimal flexible accelerator medel (OFAM) incorporating some channels through which public expendlture influences privateinvestment. The OFAM consists in adding adjustment costs to the neoclassical theory of investrnent. The investment fuction deduced is quite general and has the following explanatory variables: relative prices (user cost of capitaljimput prices ratios), real interest rates, real product, public expenditures and lagged private stock of capital. The model was estimated for private manufacturing industry data. The procedure adopted in estimating the model was to begin with a model as general as possible and apply restrictions to the model ' s parameters and test their statistical significance. A complete diagnostic testing was also made in order to test the stability of estirnated equations. This procedure avoids ' the shortcomings of estimating a model with a apriori restrictions on its parameters , which may lead to model misspecification. The main findings of the present study were: the increase in public expenditure, at least in the long run, has in general a positive expectation effect on private investment greater than its crowding-out effect on priva te investment owing to the simultaneous rise in interst rates; a change in economlc policy, such as that one of Geisel administration, may have an important effect on private lnvestment; and reI ative prices are relevant in determining the leveI of desired stock of capital and private investrnent.

Recognizing cultural concepts: Joyce, Woolf, Mann and Musil

The purpose of this thesis is to establish a direct relationship between literature and fields of knowledge such as science and technology, by focusing on some concepts that were fundamental for both science and the humanities at the beginning of the 20th century. The concepts are those of simultaneity, multiple points of view, map, relativity and acausality. In the spirit of several recent ideas, for example Katherine Hayles’ isomorphism notion, the dissertation shows how writers such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Thomas Mann and Robert Musil developed the mentioned concepts within their narratives. The working hypothesis is that those concepts were at a crossroad of human activities, and that those authors used them extensively within their narratives. It is further argued that those same concepts – as developed by Joyce in Ulysses, Woolf’s shorts stories and novels from the end of the 1910’s until the end of the1920’s, Mann’s Der Zauberberg (The Magic Mountain), and Musil’s Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man Without Qualities) — are still fundamental for our conception of time and space today. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first two chapters will analyse the concepts of simultaneity and multiple points of view and their relationship to cartography as developed within English literature and culture. The next two chapters will address the concepts of relativity and acausality, as developed within German literature and culture.