O DESENVOLVIMENTO OVOCITÁRIO EM Macrobrachium amazonicum(Heller, 1862)(CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: PALAEMONIDAE), CAMARÃO DULCÍCOLA DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA

É descrito o desenvolvimento ovocitário em Macrobrachium amazonicum(Heller, 1862), um camarão dulcícola da família Palaemonidae da Amazônia Central. O seu desenvolvimento é semelhante ao de Macrobrachium acanthurus(Wiegmann, 1836). As fases iniciais do desenvolvimento ocupam a região intema do ovario, enquanto que as fases vitelogênica e madura situam-se perifericamente. São descritas ainda a morfologia dos folículos pós-ovulatórios e das células foliculares.

Biologia reprodutiva do Camarão Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) em Igarapés de terra firme da Amazônia Peruana

Foi estudada a biologia reprodutiva de Macrobrachium brasiliense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) com base em 2604 indivíduos coletados entre outubro de 1994 e agosto de 1995, em dois igarapés de terra firme da estrada Iquitos-Nauta, Loreto (Amazônia peruana). A proporção sexual fêmea: macho foi de 1,7:1 sendo que as fêmeas foram um pouco mais abundantes que os machos durante todo o período de coleta. M. brasiliense apresentou dimorfismo sexual no comprimento cefalotorácico, sendo as fêmeas ligeiramente menores que os machos. A reprodução foi contínua, com o pico reprodutivo entre abril e julho. A fecundidade variou de 15 a 168 ovos por fêmea, observando-se uma relação significativa entre a fecundidade e o comprimento cefalotorácico e o peso. O volume do ovo não apresentou relação significativa com o comprimento cefalotorácico e a fecundidade.

Natural diet and feeding habits of a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium carcinus: Crustacea, Decapoda) in the estuary of the Amazon River

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. However, there is little information about the natural diet and feeding habits of this species. The aim of this study was the identification of the diet items of M. carcinus based on the analysis of the stomach contents. Specimens were collected in the Amazon River estuary between January 2009 and January 2010. The stomach analysis was carried out by using the frequency of occurrence (FO), methods of points (MP) and feeding index (FI). It was observed that prawns fed on detritus, animals and plant fragments as the most important food items. Sediment accounted for the main stomach content, accounting for 43.2% by the MP, 44.9% by FI and 100% by the FO. Sexual differences in feeding preferences were not found in this study, and seasonal differences in the frequency of items ingested by M. carcinus were not observed. The results indicated that M. carcinus can be considered omnivorous species, but with an important carnivorous component, similar to that found in other Macrobrachium species.

Reproductive aspects of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in the State of Amapá, Amazon River mouth

Macrobrachium amazonicum is an indigenous prawn vastly distributed in basins of South America, widely exploited by artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil and, with great potential for aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate general aspects of population structure and reproductive characteristics (size at first maturity, fecundity and reproductive output) of M. amazonicum from two important areas to artisanal prawn fishing located at the mouth of the Amazon River, State of Amapá. The specimens were captured using 20 handcrafted traps called "matapi". A number of 5,179 prawns were captured, 2,975 females and 2,195 males resulting in 1.35:1 female to male ratio. Santana Island and Mazagão Velho showed females predominated in the population. A reproductive peak period was observed from January to April/2009 and in December/2010, coinciding with the period of higher rainfall. The recruitment peak occurred in June and July/2009. Egg-bearing females ranged in size (carapace length) from 11.10 to 29.6 mm. Fecundity increased with female size and reached up to 7,417 eggs. This amount of eggs is considered low if compared with other Macrobrachium estuarine species. Mean egg volume increased gradually from 0.121 to 0.24 mm³ during embryogenesis, representing 68.5% of overall increase from Stage I to Stage III. Eggs of M. amazonicum are small; this is typical for Macrobrachium species, which depends on brackish water to complete the larval development. Irrespective of female size, reproductive output of M. amazonicum varied between 4.8 and 21.85% of their body weight into eggs production.

Reproductive biology of Macrobrachium surinamicum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in the Amazon River mouth

Macrobrachium surinamicum is an indigenous prawn distributed from the lower Amazon and Tocantins river basins to Venezuela in the Orinoco Delta region. It is common bycatch fauna of Macrobrachium amazonicum artisan fishing in the states of Pará and Amapá. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects on reproductive biology (reproductive period, size of sexual maturity population, fecundity, reproductive output and recruitment) of M. surinamicum from four important areas to artisanal prawn fishing located at the Amazon River mouth (Amapá and Pará). The specimens were captured using 20 handcrafted traps called "matapi". A number of 675 prawns were captured, 258 males, 409 females and eight juveniles, resulting in 1:1.6 (Male: Female) sex ratio. The reproductive peak period occurred from March to July, coinciding with the higher rainfall period. The juvenile prawn occurred only in May and July. Total length of egg-bearing females ranged from 12.12 to 38.30 mm, with mean female length at first maturity (L50) of 23.7 mm. Fecundity increased with prawn size and varied between 174 and 1780 eggs per female. Mean egg volume increased gradually from 0.031 (Stage I) to 0.060 mm³ (Stage III) during embryogenesis. Macrobrachium surinamicum depends on brackish water to complete the larval development. Irrespective of female size, reproductive output of M. surinamicum varied between 4.3 % and 35.5 % of their body weight for egg production. The knowledge of the reproductive biology reported in the present study is an important tool to define strategies to preserve M. surinamicum in Amazon River mouth.

Foregut morphology of Macrobrachium carcinus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

ABSTRACT Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. The aim of this study was to describe and illustrate in detail the morphology of the M. carcinus foregut. The foregut comprises the mouth, esophagus and stomach. It is lined by a simple cylindrical epithelium overlain by chitinous cuticle. The cardiac chamber is well supplied with muscles and lined with chitin thickened in places to form a complex, articulating set of ossicles. The ossicles and setae inside the cardiac chamber seem to direct the food movement through the cardiac chamber and sort the food according to particle size as digestion takes place. Twenty-one basic ossicles were observed in the stomach ofM. carcinus and are divided into seven categories, reflecting their presumed functional roles. The significance of these morphological features is discussed in terms of its implication in feeding management that can support future commercial farms of this important fishery resource.

Effect of temperature on the survival and growth of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium borellii and Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

During the two-month rearing period, the effect of four water temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C) on survival rate, number of molts, and growth rate (molt increment and intermolt period) of juvenile Macrobrachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 prawns was evaluated in laboratory conditions. The two species showed some similarities in their both survival and growth pattern at different temperatures. The survival rate was highest at 20°C and 25°C, decreasing at the lowest temperature. The number of molts increased at higher temperatures, ranging the intermolt period from 22.2 days to 9.9 days, for M. borellii, and from 20.8 to 9.5 days for P. argentinus, corresponding those values to 15°C and 30°C, respectively. No difference between species was noted in the intermolt period. The size increment by molting increased significantly from 15°C to 25°C, whereas a reduction in the growth of prawns was observed at 30°C. Significant differences among temperatures were found in the slope of regressions between the size increment by molting and the cephalothorax length. M. borellii showed a significantly higher tolerance to elevated temperature and a faster growth (about twice at 25°C) than P. argentinus. These differences could provide M. borellii a competitive advantage for a better adaptation to the dynamic of freshwater environment, especially in areas with anthropogenic impact.

Taxonomic revision of doubtful Brazilian freshwater shrimp species of genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

The freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 are widely distributed in rivers of tropical and subtropical regions and represent an interesting group with controversial taxonomy. The morphological characters traditionally used to separate species have shown a high intraspecific variation. Doubts about the status of M. birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986, M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978 and M. petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 have been arisen due to the high resemblance of the former two species with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836), and the latter one with M. potiuna (Müller, 1880). Therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis of these species, including new characters not usually used in the species recognition. The present results here with molecular data lead us to conclude that M. birai and M. holthuisi are junior synonyms of M. olfersi, and M. petronioi is a junior synonym of M. potiuna. Considering these synonymies, 17 valid species are now reported for the Brazilian territory.

Biologia reprodutiva de Macrobrachium jelskii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) no Rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais, Brasil

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a biologia reprodutiva do camarão- sossego Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) no Rio São Francisco, com ênfase na razão sexual, período reprodutivo, maturidade sexual e fecundidade. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente entre março de 2005 e fevereiro de 2006 exceto nos meses de abril e outubro, nos dois pontos de coleta do Rio São Francisco, Represa de Três Marias (Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga), a montante da barragem da usina hidroelétrica de Três Marias e a jusante da barragem, localizados no município de Três Marias, região central de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O puçá de 1 m² de boca e malha de 1,42 mm foi passado sob a vegetação marginal e na água à margem dos dois pontos de coleta, por um coletor em um período de até 30 minutos. Em laboratório, os espécimes foram identificados, mensurados e sexados. Um total de 2.945 espécimes foi analisado a montante, no qual correspondem a 1.064 machos e 1.857 fêmeas (1.653 não ovígeras e 204 ovígeras) e 1.973 a jusante, onde 1.120 machos e 841 fêmeas (643 não ovígeras e 198 ovígeras). A razão sexual diferiu significativamente a favor de fêmeas de M. jelskii a montante (0,57; χ2= 215,28; p < 0.01) e a favor dos machos a jusante (1,33; χ2= 39,69; p < 0.01). Ambas as populações possuem um período reprodutivo contínuo-sazonal com pico em janeiro e novembro para os camarões a montante e a jusante, respectivamente. A fecundidade média de M. jelskii foi de 37 ± 14 ovos (5 a 78 ovos) a montante da barragem e de 35 ± 14 ovos (5 a 69 ovos) a jusante. A razão sexual desviada para os machos de M. jelskii à jusante sugere que as fêmeas apresentaram o comportamento de se abrigarem entre as vegetações marginais. A razão sexual desviada para as fêmeas a montante demonstra a real proporção de machos e fêmeas, que pode ser considerada para a espécie no Rio São Francisco. O tamanho dos ovos carregados pelas fêmeas a jusante foi influenciado pelas baixas temperaturas da água proveniente da represa.

Filogeografía de los langostinos del género macrobrachium (decapoda: palaemonidae) de la Península de Baja California, México.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con especialidad en Manejo de Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Sustentable) UANL, 2014.

‘Systematics and pathogenicity of Vibrionaceae associated T ¢ S with the larvae of M. rosenbergii in hatchery

Even though Bergey '5 Manual has been recognized globally as the guide to bacterial systematics, it has to be emphasized that descriptions given to a large extent are based on studies made with temperate isolates This leads one to conclude that any attempt to identify the tropical isolates with identification keys and tables generated from this information may lead to erroneous conclusions. And there is every possibility of the existence of genotypic and phenotypic variants or even nev. species in this part ofthe aquatic ecosystem. Applications ofa polythetic scheme of classification based on the principles of Numerical Taxonomy opens up exciting avenues for bringing to light, this possibility which otherwise would have been masked by the unidirectional approach as in monothetic schemes. Another added advantage of clustering a ‘natural’ bacterial population by numerical taxonomy, is the ease by which genotypic characterization could be performed on the clusters by selecting a representative from each cluster This helps overcome the practical impossibility of analyzing all the isolates in a pani:'_lar cluster. The genotypic characteizarion would either be mole °/o G-'rC. DNA-D.\_-X hybridization, DNA-RNA hybridization or DNA fingerprinting. Considering the requirement creating a broad base in the understanding of the family Vibrionaceae associated with the larvae ofM rosenbergii, the present work was undertaken to channelize every new information generated for developing appropriate managerial measures to protect the larvae from vibriosis during the unusually prolonged larval phase.

Studies on the female reproductive physiology of the prawn, Macrobrachium idella (Hilgendorf, 1898)

’l‘he reproductive physiology of the female palaemonid prawn M. idella has been investigated by adopting a comprehensive approach to the problem. The major aspects of the study included investigations on breeding biology and process of oogenesis, variations in the biochemical components in relation to maturation, neuroendocrine relations and control over reproduction, and artificial insemination. The prawns used in the present study were procured from Vembanad Lake at Panavally village - a place nearly 20 km. away from Cochin. The studies were carried out using standard histological and biochemical methods. The modern technique of electroejaculation was adopted for extrusion of spermatophores in artificial insemination experiment.

Influence of stocking densities in the nursery phase on the growth of Macrobrachium amazonicum reared in net pens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Predation of Artemia Nauplii by the Larvae of the Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), is Affected by Prey Density, Time of Day, and Ontogenetic Development

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)