Pedro eta Otsoa : Sergei Prokofiev kontalari eta orkestrarako musika-ipuina, op. 67. 'Pedro y el Lobo : Sergei Prokofiev, cuento musical para narrador y orquesta, op. 67'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Caperucita roja y el lobo Feroncio.

Premio Educación y Sociedad, 1995, modalidad material no editado

El lobo y los siete cabritillos' y 'Caperucita Roja'. Historia de una relación

Se trata de un estudio comparativo entre los cuentos de los Siete Cabritillos y el de Caperucita Roja. Se analizan los orígenes y la intencionalidad de ambas historias así como el carácter pedagógico de los mismos a través del tiempo y su posible influencia sobre las distintas sociedades.

Vampiros y hombres lobo, ¿mito o ciencia?

Se expone el proceso de elaboración de un trabajo sobre vampiros y hombres lobo que se convierte en una investigación literaria, cinematográfica, histórica y sociológica sobre estos personajes. Ha sido realizada por dos alumnas de Secundaria del Colegio Nostra Seyora de Montserrat (Barcelona). Con el título “Estudio sobre evolución de los personajes de ficción del Romanticismo: ¿mito o ciencia?” se presentó a la exposición Exporecerca Jove.

Sex-dependent age modulation of frontostriatal and temporo-parietal activation during cognitive control

Developmental functional imaging studies of cognitive control show progressive age-related increase in task-relevant fronto-striatal activation in male development from childhood to adulthood. Little is known, however, about how gender affects this functional development. In this study, we used event related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine effects of sex, age, and their interaction on brain activation during attentional switching and interference inhibition, in 63 male and female adolescents and adults, aged 13 to 38. Linear age correlations were observed across all subjects in task-specific frontal, striatal and temporo-parietal activation. Gender analysis revealed increased activation in females relative to males in fronto-striatal areas during the Switch task, and laterality effects in the Simon task, with females showing increased left inferior prefrontal and temporal activation, and males showing increased right inferior prefrontal and parietal activation. Increased prefrontal activation clusters in females and increased parietal activation clusters in males furthermore overlapped with clusters that were age-correlated across the whole group, potentially reflecting more mature prefrontal brain activation patterns for females, and more mature parietal activation patterns for males. Gender by age interactions further supported this dissociation, revealing exclusive female-specific age correlations in inferior and medial prefrontal brain regions during both tasks, and exclusive male-specific age correlations in superior parietal (Switch task) and temporal regions (Simon task). These findings show increased recruitment of age-correlated prefrontal activation in females, and of age-correlated parietal activation in males, during tasks of cognitive control. Gender differences in frontal and parietal recruitment may thus be related to gender differences in the neurofunctional maturation of these brain regions.

An fMRI study of parietal cortex involvement in the visual guidance of locomotion

Locomoting through the environment typically involves anticipating impending changes in heading trajectory in addition to maintaining the current direction of travel. We explored the neural systems involved in the “far road” and “near road” mechanisms proposed by Land and Horwood (1995) using simulated forward or backward travel where participants were required to gauge their current direction of travel (rather than directly control it). During forward egomotion, the distant road edges provided future path information, which participants used to improve their heading judgments. During backward egomotion, the road edges did not enhance performance because they no longer provided prospective information. This behavioral dissociation was reflected at the neural level, where only simulated forward travel increased activation in a region of the superior parietal lobe and the medial intraparietal sulcus. Providing only near road information during a forward heading judgment task resulted in activation in the motion complex. We propose a complementary role for the posterior parietal cortex and motion complex in detecting future path information and maintaining current lane positioning, respectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Specialization of right temporo-parietal junction for mentalizing and its relation to social impairments in autism

Over the last 25years, "mindblindness" (deficits in representing mental states) has been one of the primary explanations behind the hallmark social-communication difficulties in autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, highlighting neural systems responsible for mindblindness and their relation to variation in social impairments has remained elusive. In this study we show that one of the neural systems responsible for mindblindness in ASC and its relation to social impairments is the right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ). Twenty-nine adult males with ASC and 33 age and IQ-matched Controls were scanned with fMRI while making reflective mentalizing or physical judgments about themselves or another person. Regions of interest within mentalizing circuitry were examined for between-group differences in activation during mentalizing about self and other and correlations with social symptom severity. RTPJ was the only mentalizing region that responded atypically in ASC. In Controls, RTPJ was selectively more responsive to mentalizing than physical judgments. This selectivity for mentalizing was not apparent in ASC and generalized across both self and other. Selectivity of RTPJ for mentalizing was also associated with the degree of reciprocal social impairment in ASC. These results lend support to the idea that RTPJ is one important neural system behind mindblindness in ASC. Understanding the contribution of RTPJ in conjunction with other neural systems responsible for other component processes involved in social cognition will be illuminating in fully explaining the hallmark social-communication difficulties of autism.

Edu Lobo: o terceiro vértice

Este trabalho pretende situar a trajetória de Edu Lobo no cenárioda música popular brasileira. Partindo de uma possívelgenealogia que se inicia com Heitor Villa-Lobos, passa por TomJobim e alcança Edu Lobo, estabelecemos uma tríade seguindo aatitude modernista de cultivo e resgate de tradições,universalizando-as e recriando-as, no que veio a ser a modernamúsica popular brasileira do século XX. Por meio dametodologia de história oral, colhendo depoimentos decompositores, músicos, críticos, cantores, em sua maioriaindicados pelo próprio Edu Lobo, tecemos o cenário em que sedesenvolveu sua obra.

Imunorreatividade à proteína C-FOS após estimulação periférica nociva e tratamento com morfina no sistema nervoso central do caracol terrestre Megalobulimus abbreviatus

Utilizando as técnicas de imunoistoquímica e densitometria óptica, foi investigada a localização e a expressão da proteína c-Fos no SNC do caracol Megalobulimus abbreviatus. Neurônios imunorreativos foram encontrados nos gânglios cerebrais, pedais, parietal direito e visceral de caracóis submetidos ao estímulo térmico aversivo (50oC), e sacrificados em diferentes tempos (3, 6, 12, 18 e 24 h) após a estimulação. A análise da imunorreatividade à c-Fos através do método de medida da densidade óptica (DO) revelou uma diferença significativa no sentido de apresentar uma maior expressão (p<0,05) na área do lobo pedal do pós-cérebro do gânglio cerebral em relação às outras regiões analisadas no mesmo gânglio (mesocérebro, pró-cérebro e lobo pleural do pós-cérebro). Além disso, também houve expressão significativamente maior (p<0,05) quando comparada a densitometria da região do mesocérebro em relação ao lobo pleural do pós-cérebro nos grupos controle, 3h e 18h. O lobo pleural do pós-cérebro apresentou uma expressão significativamente menor (p<0,05) na imunorreatividade da proteína c-Fos quando comparado ao pró-cérebro em animais sacrificados 12h e 24h após e estímulo aversivo. Em relação ao grupo controle, a DO da proteína c-Fos não variou nos diferentes tempos de sacrifício quando comparada a mesma região do gânglio (cerebral, pedal, parietal direito ou visceral) ao longo do tempo na maioria das regiões. A única diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) foi encontrada no mesocérebro do gânglio de animais sacrificados 12 h após o estímulo térmico aversivo, mostrando uma diminuição da imunorreatividade. Nos animais tratados com salina (1ml) ou morfina (20mg/kg) 15 min antes do estímulo térmico aversivo, os mesmos grupos neuronais nos gânglios do SNC de M. abbreviatus mostraram imunomarcação à proteína c-Fos. Em relação ao grupo controle, observou-se uma expressão significativamente menor (p<0,01) na DO da imunorreatividade da proteína c-Fos nos neurônios anteriores do gânglio pedal nos animais sacrificados 3 h e 6 h após o estímulo térmico aversivo. No momento em que a comparação foi feita entre os grupos salina e morfina de animais sacrificados ao mesmo tempo, na grande maioria dos grupos observou-se uma diminuição na imunorreatividade da proteína c-Fos. Esta diferença, porém, mostrou-se significativa (p<0,01) no mesocérebro de animais do grupo 3h, no lobo pedal do pós cérebro de animais dos grupos 3 h, 6 h e 18 h, nos neurônios anteriores do gânglio pedal nos grupos 6 h e 12 h, nos neurônios mediais do gânglio pedal do grupo 3 h, nos neurônios posteriores do gânglio pedal do grupo 6 h, nos neurônios da região anterior do gânglio parietal direito no grupo 12 h e nos neurônios do gânglio visceral no grupo experimental 12 h. A diferença na DO da proteína c-Fos apresentou uma diminuição extremamente significativa (p<0,001) nos neurônios mediais do gânglio pedal de animais sacrificados 12 h após o estímulo térmico aversivo, nos neurônios posteriores do gânglio pedal dos animais sacrificados 12 h após o estímulo e nos neurônios do gânglio visceral dos animais do grupo experimental 6 h. A partir destes dados e da correlação com estudos realizados em M. abbreviatus para detecção de mediadores químicos envolvidos na nocicepção, podemos concluir que as áreas imunorreativas que apresentaram estas variações na densidade óptica da imunorreatividade à proteína c-Fos em diferentes tempos de sacrifício e tratamento com morfina estão envolvidas no processo nociceptivo neste caracol.

Revisitando o eletrocorticograma intra-operatório na epilepsia mesial do lobo temporal: relevância das oscilações de alta frequência

Epilepsies are neurological disorders characterized by recurrent and spontaneous seizures due to an abnormal electric activity in a brain network. The mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adulthood, and it occurs frequently in association with hippocampal sclerosis. Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from pharmacological treatment (drug-resistant patients), and therefore become candidates for surgery, a procedure of high complexity and cost. Nowadays, the most common surgery is the anterior temporal lobectomy with selective amygdalohippocampectomy, a procedure standardized by anatomical markers. However, part of patients still present seizure after the procedure. Then, to increase the efficiency of this kind of procedure, it is fundamental to know the epileptic human brain in order to create new tools for auxiliary an individualized surgery procedure. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the occurrence of epilepticform activity -such as interictal spikes (IS) and high frequency oscillations (HFO) - in electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals acutely recorded during the surgery procedure in drug-resistant patients with MTLE. The ECoG recording (32 channels at sample rate of 1 kHz) was performed in the surface of temporal lobe in three moments: without any cortical resection, after anterior temporal lobectomy and after amygdalohippocampectomy (mean duration of each record: 10 min; N = 17 patients; ethic approval #1038/03 in Research Ethic Committee of Federal University of São Paulo). The occurrence of IS and HFO was quantified automatically by MATLAB routines and validated manually. The events rate (number of events/channels) in each recording time was correlated with seizure control outcome. In 8 hours and 40 minutes of record, we identified 36,858 IS and 1.756 HFO. We observed that seizure-free outcome patients had more HFO rate before the resection than non-seizure free, however do not differentiate in relation of frequency, morphology and distribution of IS. The HFO rate in the first record was better than IS rate on prediction of seizure-free patients (IS: AUC = 57%, Sens = 70%, Spec = 71% vs HFO: AUC = 77%, Sens = 100%, Spec = 70%). We observed the same for the difference of the rate of pre and post-resection (IS: AUC = 54%, Sens = 60%, Spec = 71%; vs HFO: AUC = 84%, Sens = 100%, Spec = 80%). In this case, the algorithm identifies all seizure-free patients (N = 7) with two false positives. To conclude, we observed that the IS and HFO can be found in intra-operative ECoG record, despite the anesthesia and the short time of record. The possibility to classify the patients before any cortical resection suggest that ECoG can be important to decide the use of adjuvant pharmacological treatment or to change for tailored resection procedure. The mechanism responsible for this effect is still unknown, thus more studies are necessary to clarify the processes related to it

Angling sport fishing in Lobo-Broa reservoir (Itirapina, SP, Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento larval de Macrobrachium birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) em laboratório

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Detection of cytokines and nitric oxide synthase in skin lesions of Jorge Lobo's disease patients

Studies investigating the immunopathological aspects of Jorge Lobo's disease have shown that the inflammatory infiltrate consists mainly of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells involving numerous yeast-like cells of Lacazia loboi, with the T lymphocytes more common than B lymphocytes and plasma cells. The quantification of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture supernatant has revealed alterations in the cytokines profile, characterized by predominance of a Th2 profile. In view of these findings and of the role of cytokines in cell interactions, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of the cytokines IL-10, TGF-ss 1 and TNF-alpha, as well as iNOS enzyme in granulomas induced by L. loboi. Histological sections obtained from skin lesions of 16 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of these cytokines and iNOS. The results showed that TGF-ss 1 was the cytokine most frequently expressed by cells present in the inflammatory infiltrate, followed by IL-10. There was a minimum to discrete positivity of cells expressing TNF-alpha and iNOS. The results suggest that the presence of immunosuppressive cytokines in skin lesions of patients with the mycosis might be responsible for the lack of containment of the pathogen as demonstrated by the presence of numerous fungi in the granuloma.