Aspectos de segurança, persistência e nomeação em agentes de recursos para Internet das coisas

A realização da Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things, IoT) requer a integração e interação de dispositivos e serviços com protocolos de comunicação heterogêneos. Os dados gerados pelos dispositivos precisam ser analisados e interpretados em concordância com um modelo de dados em comum, o que pode ser solucionado com o uso de tecnologias de modelagem semântica, processamento, raciocínio e persistência de dados. A computação ciente de contexto possui soluções para estes desafios com mecanismos que associam os dados de contexto com dados coletados pelos dispositivos. Entretanto, a IoT precisa ir além da computação ciente de contexto, sendo simultaneamente necessário soluções para aspectos de segurança, privacidade e escalabilidade. Para integração destas tecnologias é necessário o suporte de uma infraestrutura, que pode ser implementada como um middleware. No entanto, uma solução centralizada de integração de dispositivos heterogêneos pode afetar escalabilidade. Assim esta integração é delegada para agentes de software, que são responsáveis por integrar os dispositivos e serviços, encapsulando as especificidades das suas interfaces e protocolos de comunicação. Neste trabalho são explorados os aspectos de segurança, persistência e nomeação para agentes de recursos. Para este fim foi desenvolvido o ContQuest, um framework, que facilita a integração de novos recursos e o desenvolvimento de aplicações cientes de contexto para a IoT, através de uma arquitetura de serviços e um modelo de dados. O ContQuest inclui soluções consistentes para os aspectos de persistência, segurança e controle de acesso tanto para os serviços de middleware, como para os Agentes de Recursos, que encapsulam dispositivos e serviços, e aplicações-clientes. O ContQuest utiliza OWL para a modelagem dos recursos e inclui um mecanismo de geração de identificadores únicos universais nas ontologias. Um protótipo do ContQuest foi desenvolvido e validado com a integração de três Agentes de Recurso para dispositivos reais: um dispositivo Arduino, um leitor de RFID e uma rede de sensores. Foi também realizado um experimento para avaliação de desempenho dos componentes do sistema, em que se observou o impacto do mecanismo de segurança proposto no desempenho do protótipo. Os resultados da validação e do desempenho são satisfatórios

'Re-using an existing wheel' developing data architecture for cooperating autonomous and semi-autonomous, agent-based web services

This short position paper considers issues in developing Data Architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT) through the medium of an exemplar project, Domain Expertise Capture in Authoring and Development ­Environments (DECADE). A brief discussion sets the background for IoT, and the development of the ­distinction between things and computers. The paper makes a strong argument to avoid reinvention of the wheel, and to reuse approaches to distributed heterogeneous data architectures and the lessons learned from that work, and apply them to this situation. DECADE requires an autonomous recording system, ­local data storage, semi-autonomous verification model, sign-off mechanism, qualitative and ­quantitative ­analysis ­carried out when and where required through web-service architecture, based on ontology and analytic agents, with a self-maintaining ontology model. To develop this, we describe a web-service ­architecture, ­combining a distributed data warehouse, web services for analysis agents, ontology agents and a ­verification engine, with a centrally verified outcome database maintained by certifying body for qualification/­professional status.

Communication middleware for the future mobile internet

A evolução constante em novas tecnologias que providenciam suporte à forma como os nossos dispositivos se ligam, bem como a forma como utilizamos diferentes capacidades e serviços on-line, criou um conjunto sem precedentes de novos desafios que motivam o desenvolvimento de uma recente área de investigação, denominada de Internet Futura. Nesta nova área de investigação, novos aspectos arquiteturais estão ser desenvolvidos, os quais, através da re-estruturação de componentes nucleares subjacentesa que compõem a Internet, progride-a de uma forma capaz de não são fazer face a estes novos desafios, mas também de a preparar para os desafios de amanhã. Aspectos chave pertencendo a este conjunto de desafios são os ambientes de rede heterogéneos compostos por diferentes tipos de redes de acesso, a cada vez maior mudança do tráfego peer-to-peer (P2P) como o tipo de tráfego mais utilizado na Internet, a orquestração de cenários da Internet das Coisas (IoT) que exploram mecanismos de interação Maquinaa-Maquina (M2M), e a utilização de mechanismos centrados na informação (ICN). Esta tese apresenta uma nova arquitetura capaz de simultaneamente fazer face a estes desafios, evoluindo os procedimentos de conectividade e entidades envolvidas, através da adição de uma camada de middleware, que age como um mecanismo de gestão de controlo avançado. Este mecanismo de gestão de controlo aproxima as entidades de alto nível (tais como serviços, aplicações, entidades de gestão de mobilidade, operações de encaminhamento, etc.) com as componentes das camadas de baixo nível (por exemplo, camadas de ligação, sensores e atuadores), permitindo uma otimização conjunta dos procedimentos de ligação subjacentes. Os resultados obtidos não só sublinham a flexibilidade dos mecanismos que compoem a arquitetura, mas também a sua capacidade de providenciar aumentos de performance quando comparados com outras soluÇÕes de funcionamento especÍfico, enquanto permite um maior leque de cenáios e aplicações.

Evaluation of the human factor in the scheduling of smart appliances in smart grids

Recently there has been an increase of interest in implementing a new set of home appliances, known as Smart Appliances that integrate Information Technologies, the Internet of Things and the ability of communicating with other devices. While Smart Appliances are characterized as an important milestone on the path to the Smart Grid, by being able to automatically schedule their loads according to a tariff or reflecting the power that is generated using renewable sources, there is not a clear understanding on the impact that the behavior of such devices will have in the comfort levels of users, when they shift their working periods to earlier, or later than, a preset time. Given these considerations, in this work we analyse the results of an assessment survey carried out to a group of Home Appliance users regarding their habits when dealing with these machines and the subjective impact in quality caused by either finishing its programs before or after the time limit set by the user. The results of this work are expected to be used as input for the evaluation of load scheduling algorithms running in energy management systems. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.

Recovery of soil physical properties by green manure, liming, gypsum and pasture and spontaneous native species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Describing the Situational Contexts of Sweetened Product Consumption in a Middle Eastern Canadian Community: Application of a Mixed Method Design

Little is known about the situational contexts in which individuals consume processed sources of dietary sugars. This study aimed to describe the situational contexts associated with the consumption of sweetened food and drink products in a Catholic Middle Eastern Canadian community. A two-stage exploratory sequential mixed-method design was employed with a rationale of triangulation. In stage 1 (n = 62), items and themes describing the situational contexts of sweetened food and drink product consumption were identified from semi-structured interviews and were used to develop the content for the Situational Context Instrument for Sweetened Product Consumption (SCISPC). Face validity, readability and cultural relevance of the instrument were assessed. In stage 2 (n = 192), a cross-sectional study was conducted and exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the structure of themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis as a means of furthering construct validation. The SCISPC reliability and predictive validity on the daily consumption of sweetened products were also assessed. In stage 1, six themes and 40-items describing the situational contexts of sweetened product consumption emerged from the qualitative analysis and were used to construct the first draft of the SCISPC. In stage 2, factor analysis enabled the clarification and/or expansion of the instrument's initial thematic structure. The revised SCISPC has seven factors and 31 items describing the situational contexts of sweetened product consumption. Initial validation of the instrument indicated it has excellent internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability. Two factors of the SCISPC had predictive validity for the daily consumption of total sugar from sweetened products (Snacking and Energy demands) while the other factors (Socialization, Indulgence, Constraints, Visual Stimuli and Emotional needs) were rather associated to occasional consumption of these products.

Sistema Bluetooth-based di remarketing pervasivo

Il progetto si propone di dotare la realta fisica di un estensione digitale. Sensori, attuatori e tecnologie embedded hanno cambiato il nostro modo di lavorare, allenarci e seguire i nostri interessi. Il mondo del commercio non e rimasto a guardare ed ha dovuto adattarsi alla metamorfosi high-tech del settore dei servizi. Il sistema proposto costituisce un promotore per acquisti ed un raccoglitore intelligente di abitudini sullo shopping e si compone di applicazione mobile, microcontroller e web server. Caratteristica prima e principale del progetto e sicuramente la pervasivita. All'utente ed utilizzatore dell'app dello shopping center deve essere certamente resa nota la collaborazione al fine di raccogliere dati statistici sulle sue abitudini, tuttavia sono le modalita di tale operazione a dover rimanere velate, in modo da non appesantire il cliente con tediose operazioni di invio di feedback e valutazioni ed allo stesso tempo permettere una raccolta capillare delle informazioni. Parallelamente alla raccolta di dati funzionali al producer, sono state implementate features per il consumatore, come notifiche promozionali place-triggered e pubblicita mirata. Tra tutte le tecnologie adibite allo scambio di informazioni, si e scelto l'utilizzo del Bluetooth e del piu recente Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) per permettere ai dispositivi di comunicare tra loro.

Progettazione ed Implementazione di un sistema di localizzazione di oggetti tramite Beacon

In questo elaborato viene descritto il funzionamento dei Beacon. Essi rappresentano un congegno che sfrutta la tecnologia Bluetooth 4.0, la quale, rispetto alle precedenti, si differenzia per alcune innovazioni apportate. Il loro utilizzo originario era rivolto al mondo del Mobile Advertising, ovvero l’invio di messaggi ad hoc agli utenti, sulla base di studi mirati a personalizzare un contenuto. Con lo scorrere del tempo invece si sono cercate nuove modalità d'uso in relazione al mondo da cui derivano: L'”Internet of Things” (IoT). Questa espressione descrive l'intento di dare vita agli oggetti. L'obiettivo di fondo è stato quello di delineare uno dei possibili casi d'uso. Nel concreto il sistema si prefigge, sfruttando l’interazione tra gli utenti, di monitorare la posizione in ambienti indoor di oggetti, usando il segnale RSSI dei Beacon ai quali sono associati, fornire l’aggiornamento dell’indirizzo in cui sono situati, visualizzabile sulle mappe Google con cui l’app è collegata, notificare ai proprietari gli eventuali ritrovamenti di uno di essi, rintracciare i dispositivi altrui. Prima di ciò, si è svolta un'analisi inerente le prestazioni che i Beacon sono in grado di offrire, in condizioni normali, prestando attenzione ad alcuni parametri come: frequenza di trasmissione (l’intervallo entro il quale vengono emessi segnali), il periodo di scansione (l’effettivo periodo di attività), più un’altra serie di risultati acquisiti durante l'esecuzione di alcuni esperimenti.

Linked services for M2M communication with Enterprise IT systems

Linking the physical world to the Internet, also known as the Internet of Things, has increased available information and services in everyday life and in the Enterprise world. In Enterprise IT an increasing number of communication is done between IT backend systems and small IoT devices, for example sensor networks or RFID readers. This introduces some challenges in terms of complexity and integration. We are working on the integration of IoT devices into Enterprise IT by leveraging SOA techniques and Semantic Web technologies. We present a SOA based integration platform for connecting WSNs and large enterprise business processes. For ensuring interoperability our platform is based on Linked Services. These are thoroughly described, machine-readable, machine-reasonable service descriptions.

Baseline evaluation of environmental physical activity and nutrition support of Texas Medical Center hospital worksites

Background: Obesity is a major health problem in the United States that has reached epidemic proportions. With most U.S adults spending the majority of their waking hours at work, the influence of the workplace environment on obesity is gaining in importance. Recent research implicates worksites as providing an 'obesogenic' environment as they encourage overeating and reduce the opportunity for physical activity. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the nutrition and physical activity environment of Texas Medical Center (TMC) hospitals participating in the Shape Up Houston evaluation study to develop a scoring system to quantify the environmental data collected using the Environmental Assessment Tool (EAT) survey and to assess the inter-observer reliability of using the EAT survey. Methods: A survey instrument that was adapted from the Environmental Assessment Tool (EAT) developed by Dejoy DM et al in 2008 to measure the hospital environmental support for nutrition and physical activity was used for this study. The inter-observer reliability of using the EAT survey was measured and total percent agreement scores were computed. Most responses on the EAT survey are dichotomous (Yes and No) and these responses were coded with a '0' for a 'no' response and a '1' for a 'yes' response. A summative scoring system was developed to quantify these responses. Each hospital was given a score for each scale and subscale on the EAT survey in addition to a total score. All analyses were conducted using Stata 11 software. Results: High inter-observer reliability is observed using EAT. The percentage agreement scores ranged from 94.4%–100%. Only 2 of the 5 hospitals had a fitness facility onsite and scores for exercise programs and outdoor facilities available for hospital employees ranged from 0–62% and 0–37.5%, respectively. The healthy eating percentage for hospital cafeterias range from 42%–92% across the different hospitals while the healthy vending scores were 0%–40%. The total TMC 'healthy hospital' score was 49%. Conclusion: The EAT survey is a reliable instrument for measuring the physical activity and nutrition support environment of hospital worksites. The study results showed a large variability among the TMC hospitals in the existing physical activity and nutrition support environment. This study proposes cost effective policy changes that can increase environmental support to healthy eating and active living among TMC hospital employees.^

An (un) healthy poster: When environmental cues affect consumers’ food choices at vending machines

Environmental cues can affect food decisions. There is growing evidence that environmental cues influence how much one consumes. This article demonstrates that environmental cues can similarly impact the healthiness of consumers’ food choices. Two field studies examined this effect with consumers of vending machine foods who were exposed to different posters. In field study 1, consumers with a health-evoking nature poster compared to a pleasure-evoking fun fair poster or no poster in their visual sight were more likely to opt for healthy snacks. Consumers were also more likely to buy healthy snacks when primed by an activity poster than when exposed to the fun fair poster. In field study 2, this consumer pattern recurred with a poster of skinny Giacometti sculptures. Overall, the results extend the mainly laboratory-based evidence by demonstrating the health-relevant impact of environmental cues on food decisions in the field. Results are discussed in light of priming literature emphasizing the relevance of preexisting associations, mental concepts and goals.

Sharing Human-Generated Observations by Integrating HMI and the Semantic Sensor Web

Current “Internet of Things” concepts point to a future where connected objects gather meaningful information about their environment and share it with other objects and people. In particular, objects embedding Human Machine Interaction (HMI), such as mobile devices and, increasingly, connected vehicles, home appliances, urban interactive infrastructures, etc., may not only be conceived as sources of sensor information, but, through interaction with their users, they can also produce highly valuable context-aware human-generated observations. We believe that the great promise offered by combining and sharing all of the different sources of information available can be realized through the integration of HMI and Semantic Sensor Web technologies. This paper presents a technological framework that harmonizes two of the most influential HMI and Sensor Web initiatives: the W3C’s Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces (MMI) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) with its semantic extension, respectively. Although the proposed framework is general enough to be applied in a variety of connected objects integrating HMI, a particular development is presented for a connected car scenario where drivers’ observations about the traffic or their environment are shared across the Semantic Sensor Web. For implementation and evaluation purposes an on-board OSGi (Open Services Gateway Initiative) architecture was built, integrating several available HMI, Sensor Web and Semantic Web technologies. A technical performance test and a conceptual validation of the scenario with potential users are reported, with results suggesting the approach is sound

Interrogating Capabilities of IoT Devices

This research is supported by the UK Research Councils’ Digital Economy IT as a Utility Network+ (EP/K003569/1) and the dot.rural Digital Economy Hub (EP/G066051/1).

Interrogating Capabilities of IoT Devices

This research is supported by the UK Research Councils’ Digital Economy IT as a Utility Network+ (EP/K003569/1) and the dot.rural Digital Economy Hub (EP/G066051/1).